öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

¡¡¡¡Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind¡¯s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.        

¡¡¡¡The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn´t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt´s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey´s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.     

¡¡¡¡But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.     

¡¡¡¡And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.       

¡¡¡¡Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed        Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don¡¯t need a dam to be saved¡£

¡¡¡¡ÒëÎÄ

¡¡¡¡ÔÚÖØ´ó¼¼ÊõËù´´ÔìµÄ¶«Î÷ÖУ¬ºÜÉÙÓÐÄÜÏñ´óÐÍË®°ÓÕâÑùÄÜÌåÏÖÈ˵ÄÏëÏóÁ¦µÄ¡£»òÐíÊÇÒòΪÈËÀ೤ÆÚÔâÊܺéÀԺ͸ɺµµÄÏ®»÷£¬Ê¹µÃÈËÀàÖÆ·þºéË®µÄÔ¸Íû¸ü¼ÓÁîÈËÐ˷ܲ»ÒÑ¡£µ«ÊÇÁîÈË×ÅÃÔ£¬ÓÐʱҲ»áʹÈËäĿ¡£ÓÐЩ¾ÞÐÍ´ó°ÓµÄÏîÄ¿¾ÍÓÐ×ű״óÓÚÀûµÄΣÏÕ¡£¡¡¡¡½¨Ôì´ó°ÓµÄ½ÌѵÊÇ£º´óµÄ²¢²»Ò»¶¨×ÜÊÇÃÀµÄ¡£µ«ÊÇÕâÎÞ·¨×èÖ¹ÏëÒªÐÞ½¨¸ß´óÐÛΰµÄ´ó°ÓÀ´ÏÔʾÄÇЩÁ¦ÕùµÃµ½×ÔÎҿ϶¨µÄ¹ú¼ÒºÍÈËÃñµ±×÷ΰ´ó³É¾ÍµÄÏóÕ÷¡£°£¼°ÔÚ°¢À­²®ÊÀ½çµÄÁìµ¼µØλÓɽ¨Ô찢˹Íú´ó°Ó¶ø¹®¹Ì¡£ÍÁ¶úÆäΪÁËÁ¦Õù³ÉΪÊÀ½çÒ»Á÷µÄ¹ú¼Ò£¬Ò²°üÀ¨ÐÞ½¨Á˾޴óµÄ°¢ËþÌØ¿Ë´ó°Ó¡£¡¡¡¡µ«ÊÇ´ó°Ó²¢Ã»ÓÐÈçÔ¤ÆÚµÄÄÇÑù·¢»Ó×÷Óá£ÀýÈ簢˹Íú´ó°Ó£¬Ëü×èÖ¹ÁËÄáÂÞºÓºéË®µÄ·ºÀÄ£¬µ«Ò²Ê¹µÃ°£¼°Ê§È¥Á˺éË®ÀëÈ¥ºóËùÁôϵķÊÎÖÍÁÈÀ¡ª¡ª»»»ØÀ´µÄÊÇÒ»¸ö¼²²¡×ÌÉúµÄ´óË®¿â¡£ÏÖÔÚÕû¸öË®¿âÌîÂúÁËÓÙÄ࣬¼¸ºõ²»ÄÜ·¢µç¡£¡¡¡¡È»¶ø¿ØÖÆË®µÄ²»ÇÐʵ¼ÊµÄÏë·¨ÈÔÔÚ¼ÌÐø¡£±¾ÖÜ£¬ÔÚÎÄÃ÷µÄÅ·ÖÞÖÐÐÄ£¬Ë¹Âå·¥¿ËÈ˺ÍÐÙÑÀÀûÈËΪÁ˶à觺ÓÉϵÄÒ»´¦Ë®°ÓÒý·¢Õù¶Ë£¬¼¸ºõ²îµã¶¯ÓÃÁ˾ü¶Ó¡£Õâ¸ö´óÐ͵Ť³Ì¿ÉÄÜ»á³öÏÖËùÓдó°ÓÉϵij£¼ûÎÊÌâ¡£µ«Ë¹Âå·¥¿ËÕýÔÚÁ¦Í¼´Ó½Ý¿ËÍÑÀë¶ø¶ÀÁ¢£¬ÏÖÔÚËüÐèÒª½¨Ò»¸ö´ó°ÓÀ´Ö¤Ã÷×Ô¼ºµÄʵÁ¦¡£¡¡¡¡Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬ÔÚÓ¡¶È£¬ÊÀ½çÒøÐÐÒѾ­´û¿îÀ´½¨ÔìÎÊÌâ·±¶àµÄÄɶûüa´ï´ó°Ó¡£¾¡¹ÜÊÀ½çÒøÐеĹËÎÊÖ¸³ö£¬¸Ã´ó°Ó½«¸ø°ÙÐÕ´øÀ´¿àÄÑ£¬²¢ÇÒÒ²»áÆÆ»µÖܱߵĻ·¾³£¬µ«ÒøÐÐÒѾ­ÕâÑùʵÐÐÁË¡£ÕâЩÀûÒæ¹éÓÐȨÊÆÕßËùÓУ¬µ«ÊÇÕâÖÖÀûÒæÒ²ÊÇûÓб£ÕϵÄ¡£¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚË®°ÓµÄÓ°ÏìÒÔ¼°Ë®°ÓÖÎË®µÄ³É±¾ºÍÊÕÒæ½øÐÐÕýÈ·¶ø¿ÆѧµÄÑо¿£¬Äܹ»ÓÐЧµØ½â¾öÕâЩ³åÍ»¡£¼´Ê¹²»Ð˽¨´óÐÍË®°Ó£¬Ë®Àû·¢µç¡¢ÖÎÀíºéË®ÒÔ¼°¹à¸ÈÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÄܵÄ£¬²»Ò»¶¨·ÇµÃ½¨´ó°Ó¡£µ«Êǵ±ÄãÃæ¶ÔÄÇЩ²»ÇÐʵ¼ÊµÄÉñ»°Ê±£¬Äã¾ÍºÜÄÑ×öµ½ºÏÀíºÍ¿ÆѧÁË¡£ÏÖÔÚ¸ÃÊÇÊÀ½çÎüÈ¡°¢Ë¹Íú´ó°Ó½ÌѵµÄʱºòÁË¡£ÎÒÃÇδ±Ø·ÇҪͨ¹ý´ó°ÓÀ´Õü¾È×Ô¼º¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê»ã

¡¡¡¡assert   vt. Ö÷ÕÅ£¬ ¼á³Æ£¬ ¶ÏÑÔ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºYou must assert yourself or they will continue to bully you. Äã±ØÐëά»¤×Ô¼ºµÄȨÀû£¬·ñÔòËûÃÇ»¹»áÆÛ¸ºÄã¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺assert oneself ¼á³Ö×Ô¼ºµÄȨÀû£» ±íÏÖ×Ô¼ºµÄȨÍþ

¡¡¡¡Í¬Òå´Ê£ºaffirm declare insist on pronounce state

¡¡¡¡Advisor  n. ¹ËÎÊ£¬ È°¸æÕߣ¬ Ö¸µ¼½Ìʦ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºHis amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other people's troubles. ËûÄǺͰª¿ÉÇ×µÄÐÔ¸ñʹËû³ÉΪ¾­³£ÎªËûÈËÅÅÓǽâÄѵĿªµ¼Õß¡£

¡¡¡¡bidding   n. ÃüÁ ÑûÇ룬 ³ö¼Û

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºHe was bidding for popular support. ËûÔÚÉè·¨ÕùÈ¡´óÖÚµÄÖ§³Ö¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺at one's bidding/ at sb.'s bidding  ÒÀÖö£¬×ñÃüdo one's bidding/ do sb.'s bidding ÕÕ¡­¡­µÄÃüÁî×ö£¬ ÕÕ¡­¡­µÄ»°°ì

¡¡¡¡barely   ad. ¼¸ºõ²»

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºHe has barely enough money to live on. ËûµÄÇ®½ö¹»Ããǿά³ÖÉú¼Æ¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺barely enoughÃãÇ¿¹»be barely of age¸Õ³ÉÄêa barely furnished room³ÂÉè¼òªµÄ·¿¼ä

¡¡¡¡Í¬Òå´Ê£ºhardly just scarcely

¡¡¡¡capture   n. ץȡ£¬ Õ½ÀûÆ·£¬ ²¶»ñÖ®Îïvt. ץȡ£¬ »ñµÃ£¬ ÃÔס

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºThey would offer a bounty of $100,000 for the capture of the murderer. ËûÃÇÔ¸³öÊ®ÍòÔªÉͽð×½ÄÃÐ×ÊÖ¡£

¡¡¡¡Í¬Òå´Ê£ºapprehend arrest imprison seize

¡¡¡¡·´Òå´Ê£ºrelease

¡¡¡¡civilized   a. ÎÄÃ÷µÄ£¬ ÓÐÀñµÄ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºHis new theory has caused a sensation throughout the civilized world. ËûµÄÐÂÀíÂۺ䶯ÁËÕû¸öÎÄÃ÷ÊÀ½ç¡£

¡¡¡¡·´Òå´Ê£ºbarbarous; uncivilized; wild

¡¡¡¡dam   n. Ë®°Ó£¬ ÕÏ°­vt. ¿ØÖÆ£¬ Öþ°Óvi. ¿ØÖÆ£¬ Öþ°Ó

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºThe mouth of the river is dammed and a freshwater lake created behind the dam. ºÓ¿ÚÖþÆðÁËÀ¹ºÓ°Ó£¬°Óºó±ãÐγÉÁ˵­Ë®ºþ¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺devil's dam ¹íÆÅÄï(ÂٵĻ°)

¡¡¡¡deprived   a. ÇîÀ§µÄ£¬ ɥʧÁËÊÜÁ¼ºÃ½ÌÓýȨÀûµÄ£¬ ƶÇîµÄ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºThese misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason. ÕâЩ²»ÐÒµÄÊÂÇ鼸ºõʹËûʧȥÀíÖÇ¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺deprived childrenʧѧµÄº¢×ÓÃÇ

¡¡¡¡drought   n. ¸Éºµ£¬ ȱ·¦

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºSoon afterward drought set in. ²»¾ÃÖ®ºóÓÖ·¢ÉúÁ˸ÉÔç¡£

¡¡¡¡·´Òå´Ê£ºwet

¡¡¡¡environmental  a. ÖÜΧµÄ£¬ »·¾³µÄ

¡¡¡¡ÅÉÉú£ºenvironment n. ÖÜΧ»·¾³. environmentalist n. »·¾³±£»¤Õß

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºLiving creatures must be adaptable to environmental change. ÉúÎï±ØÐëÄÜÊÊÓ¦»·¾³µÄ±ä»¯¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺an environmental factor»·¾³µÄÒòËØ

¡¡¡¡fascination   n. ÁîÈË×ÅÃÔµÄÊÂÎ ÈëÃÔ£¬ ÷ÈÁ¦

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºOld churches have a certain strange fascination for me. ¾É½ÌÌöÔÎÒ¾ßÓÐijÖÖÆæÌصÄ÷ÈÁ¦¡£

¡¡¡¡guarantee   n. µ£±££¬ µÖѺƷ£¬ ±£Ö¤Êévt. ±£Ö¤£¬ µ£±£

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºBlue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. εÀ¼µÄÌì¿Õ²¢²»ÓÀÔ¶±£Ö¤ÇçÀʵÄÌìÆø¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺stand guarantee for ... Ìæ¡­¡­µ£Èα£Ö¤ÈË

¡¡¡¡Í¬Òå´Ê£ºassure back certify endorse pledge promise secure sponsor stand for swear underwrite warrant

¡¡¡¡·´Òå´Ê£ºguarantor

¡¡¡¡hydroelectric   a. Ë®Á¦µçÆøµÄ

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺a hydroelectric power stationË®Á¦·¢µçÕ¾

¡¡¡¡Imagination  n. ÏëÏñ£¬ Ìý¾õ£¬ ÏëÏñÁ¦

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºDragons are creatures of Chinese fancy. ÁúÊÇÖйúÈË»ÃÏë³öÀ´µÄ¶¯Îï¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺beyond(all) imagination (ÍêÈ«)³öºõÒâÁϵØdraw on (one's) imagination ¶Å׫£¬ ±àÔì

¡¡¡¡irrigation   n. ¹à¸È£¬ ³åÏ´

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºPublic irrigation is the heart of cotton farming. ¹«¹²Ë®ÀûÉèÊ©ÊÇÃÞ»¨Éú²úµÄÃüÂö¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺an irrigation channel (canal) ¹à¸ÈÇþbring the farmland under irrigationʹũÌïË®Àû»¯

¡¡¡¡myth  n. Éñ»°£¬ Ðé¹¹µÄÊ£¬ Ðé¹¹µÄÈË

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºHe was a myth that had been created out of desperation and poverty and despair. ËûÊÇ´Ó¾ø¾³¡¢Æ¶À§ºÍʧÍûÖд´Ôì³öÀ´µÄÒ»¸öÉñ»°°ãµÄÈËÎï¡£

¡¡¡¡meanwhile  n. Æäʱ£¬ Æä¼äad. ͬʱ£¬ ÓÚ´Ëʱ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºMeanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬ÁíÍâÁ½Î»ÑÝÔ±°ÑÁ½¸öÊ¢×ÅʳÎïµÄ´óÀº×ÓÄõ½Ê÷ÏÂÒñÁ¹µÄµØ·½¡£

¡¡¡¡symbol   n. ·ûºÅ£¬ ÏóÕ÷£¬ ´úºÅ£¬ ÐÅÌõ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºThe private car was still a cherished status symbol. ˽ÈËСÆû³µÈÔÈ»ÊÇÒ»ÖÖµØλ¸ß¹óµÄ±êÖ¾¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺a chemical symbol»¯Ñ§·ûºÅ

¡¡¡¡status   n. ״̬£¬ ÇéÐΣ¬ µØ룬 ÒªÈËÉí·Ý

¡¡¡¡Àý×Ó£ºWe celebrate our regained status as a sovereign and independent nation. ÎÒÃÇΪÖØÐÂÈ¡µÃÁËÖ÷ȨºÍ¶ÀÁ¢¹ú¼ÒµÄµØλ¶ø»¶ÐÀ¹ÄÎè¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺the status of affairsÊÂ̬£¬ ÐÎÊÆstatus nascendi (nascens) ³õÉú̬class status½×¼¶³É·Öa status seekerÏëÍùÉÏÅÀµÄÈË

¡¡¡¡Í¬Òå´Ê£ºclass condition division grade position rank standing state station

¡¡¡¡silt   n. ÓÙÄàvt. ʹÓÙÈûvi. ÓÙÈû

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºThe cadres were digging up river silt with the commune members. ¸É²¿Í¬ÉçÔ±ÃÇÒ»ÆðÔÚÍÚºÓÄà¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺silt content/ the total volume of siltÓÙÄຬÁ¿

¡¡¡¡scientific   a. ¿ÆѧµÄ£¬ ϵͳµÄ£¬ ·ûºÏ¿Æѧ¹æÂɵÄ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºScientific statistical figures are from Beijing scientific resources check 2000. ¿Æѧ¼¼Êõͳ¼ÆÊý×ÖΪ2000Äê±±¾©ÊпƼ¼×ÊÔ´Çå²éÊý×Ö¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺scientific experiment¿ÆѧʵÑéscientific point of view¿Æѧ¹Ûµã

¡¡¡¡·´Òå´Ê£ºunscientific

¡¡¡¡troop   n. ¾ü¶Ó£¬ ×°¼×²¿¶Ó£¬ Æï±ø¶Ó£¬ ²¿¶Óvi. Ⱥ¼¯£¬ ½á¶Ó£¬ ³ÉȺ¶øÐÐ

¡¡¡¡Àý¾ä£ºThere were troops of friends to see him off. ÓкܶàÓÑÈËΪËûËÍÐС£

¡¡¡¡´Ê×飺get one's troop ÉýÈÎÆï±øÁ¬³¤household troops ÍõÊÒ½ûÎÀ¾ü

¡¡¡¡Í¬Òå´Ê£ºband body bunch company crew crowd gang group mob party unit