öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of theirpeople depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralizedcontrol and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country¬ðs economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and ind
ustry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may coª²operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

¡¡¡¡73) Owing to the remarkable development in massª²communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for thereasons given above. At the same time. the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the farª²reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect.

¡¡¡¡71. Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economistsand operational research experts.

¡¡¡¡£Û²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£Ý

¡¡¡¡ÔÚÏÖ´úÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÕâÐèÒª²»Í¬³Ì¶ÈµÄÖÐÑë¿ØÖÆ´ëÊ©£¬´Ó¶ø¾ÍÐèÒª»ñµÃÖîÈç¾­¼ÃѧºÍÔ˳ïѧµÈÁìÓòר¼ÒµÄЭÖú¡£

¡¡¡¡±¾ÌâÊôÓÚ¼òµ¥¾ä¡£¾ä×Ó¿ò¼ÜÊÇthis requires various measures of centralized control and...the help of specialized scientists such as...¡£

¡¡¡¡±¾¾ä±È½Ï¼òµ¥¡£ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ£ºrequireÓÐÁ½¸ö±öÓï¡£µÚ2¸ö±öÓïÊÇthe help¡£ÔÚ·­ÒëʱÐèÒª¼ÓÉÏ¡°»ñµÃ¡±¶þ×Ö¡£measureÔÚÕâÀïÊÇ¡°³Ì¶È£¬·ù¶È£¬Ï޶ȡ±µÄÒâ˼¡£varying measures¿ÉÒë³É¡°³Ì¶È²»Í¬¡±¡£

¡¡¡¡72. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country¬ðs economy isdirectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that

¡¡¡¡this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

¡¡¡¡£Û²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£Ý

¡¡¡¡ÔÙÕߣ¬ÏÔ¶øÒ×¼ûµÄÊÇÒ»¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄ¾­¼ÃʵÁ¦ÓëÆ乤ũҵÉú²úЧÂÊÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø£¬¶øЧÂʵÄÌá¸ßÔòÓÐÀµÓÚ¸÷ÖֿƼ¼ÈËÔ±µÄŬÁ¦¡£

¡¡¡¡±¾ÌâÊôÓÚ¸´ºÏ¾ä¡£¾ä×Ó¿ò¼ÜÊÇit is obvious that...and that...

¡¡¡¡¡£ItÊÇÐÎʽÖ÷Óï¡£Á½¸öthatÒýµ¼µÄÊÇÁ½¸öÖ÷Óï´Ó¾ä£¬ÓÉandÁ¬½ÓÆðÀ´¡£

¡¡¡¡be bound up withÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°Óë¡­¡­ÓйØϵ¡±¡£in turnµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°×ª¶ø£¬·´¹ýÀ´¡±¡£rest uponÒÀ¿¿£¬ÑöÀµ¡£thisÖ¸µÄÊÇÇ°ÃæÌáµ½µÄefficiency£¬·­ÒëʱҪÖظ´Ò»Ï£¬¼´¡°Ð§ÂʵÄÌá¸ß¡±¡£

¡¡¡¡73. Owing to the remarkable development in massª²communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for thereasons given above.

¡¡¡¡£Û²Î¿¼ÒëÎģݴóÖÚͨÐŵÄѸÃÍ·¢Õ¹Ê¹µÃ¸÷µØµÄÈËÃÇÕýÔڸоõµ½ÓÐеÄÐèÇ󣬽Ӵ¥ÐµÄÏ°¹ßºÍеÄÏë·¨¡£ÓÉÓÚÉÏÊöÔ­Òò£¬Õþ¸®³£³£µÃÍƳö¸ü¶àµÄ¸ïС£

¡¡¡¡±¾ÌâÊôÓÚ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¡£¾ä×Ó¿ò¼ÜÊÇpeople...are feeling new wants and arebeing exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are forced to introduce still further innovations for...¡£

¡¡¡¡owing toÓÉÓÚ£»mass communications´óÖÚͨÐÅ£»be exposed to½Ó´¥£»whileÈ»¶ø¡£·­Òëʱ¿É½«owing toÒýµ¼µÄÔ­Òò×´ÓïÈ¥µô£¬½«ÆäºóµÄ±öÓïthe remarkable development in mass communicationÒë³ÉººÓïµÄÖ÷ÓÔÚÆäºó¼ÓÉÏ¡°Ê¹µÃ¡±¶þ×Ö¡£whileÒ»´Ê±íʾ¡°×ªÕÛ¡±¿ÉÊ¡ÂÔ²»Òë¡£

¡¡¡¡74. In the early industrialized countries of Europe£¬the processof industrializationª²with all the farª²reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nationmay undergo the same process in a decade or so.

¡¡¡¡£Û²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£Ý

¡¡¡¡ÔÚÏÈÆÚʵÏÖ¹¤Òµ»¯µÄÅ·ÖÞ¹ú¼ÒÖУ¬Æ乤ҵ»¯½ø³ÌÒÔ¼°ËæÖ®¶øÀ´µÄ¸÷ÖÖÉî¿ÌµÄÉç»á½á¹¹±ä¸ï£¬³ÖÐøÁË´óÔ¼Ò»¸öÊÀ¼ÍÖ®¾Ã£¬¶øÈç½ñÒ»¸ö·¢Õ¹Öйú¼ÒÔÚÊ®Äê×óÓҾͿÉÄÜÍê³ÉÕâ¸ö¹ý³Ì¡£

¡¡¡¡±¾ÌâÊôÓÚ¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¡£¾ä×Ó¿ò¼ÜÊÇthe process of industrialization...was spread over nearly a century, whereas...a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so¡£with all the farª²reaching changes in social patterns that followedÔÚÕâÀïÊǸ½¼Óthat followed×÷all the farª²reaching changes in social patternsµÄ¶¨Óï¡£

¡¡¡¡farª²reachingÉîÔ¶µÄ¡¢Éî¿ÌµÄ£»spread overÑÓÐø¡¢³ÖÐø£»undergo¾­Àú£»whereasÈ»¶ø£¬È´¡£withµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°¸ú¡­¡­Ò»Æ𣬰éË桱£¬ÕâÀïÒë³É¡°ÒÔ¼°¡±¡£ÀýÈ磺His money, with his wife¬ðs comes to a million dollars.ËûµÄÇ®Á¬Í¬ËûÌ«Ì«µÄºÏ¼Æ´ï100ÍòÃÀ½ð¡£

¡¡¡¡75. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

¡¡¡¡£Û²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£Ý

¡¡¡¡ÓÉÓÚÈË¿ÚµÄÃÍÔö»ò´óÁ¿ÈË¿ÚÁ÷¶¯(ÏÖ´ú½»Í¨¹¤¾ßʹÕâÖÖÁ÷¶¯Ïà¶ÔÈÝÒ×)Òý·¢µÄÖÖÖÖÎÊÌâÒ²»á¶ÔÉç»áÔì³ÉеÄѹÁ¦¡£

¡¡¡¡±¾ÌâÊôÓÚ¼òµ¥¾ä¡£¾ä×Ó¿ò¼ÜÊÇAdditional social stresses may also occur because of...or problem arising from...

¡¡¡¡arising from¡°ÓÉ¡­¡­ÒýÆ𡱣¬ÔÚ¾äÖÐ×÷¶¨ÓïÐÞÊÎproblem¡£Additional social stresses²»±ØÖð×Ö·­Ò룬¿ÉתÒë³É¡°¶ÔÉç»áÔì³ÉеÄѹÁ¦¡±¡£themselvesÖ¸mass migration movement¡£Òò´ËÀ¨ºÅÀïÒë³É¡°Ê¹ÕâÖÖÁ÷¶¯Ïà¶ÔÈÝÒס±¡£