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¡¡¡¡Passage 5.

¡¡¡¡Is It Possible to Persuade Mankind to Live Without War?

¡¡¡¡War is an ancient institution which has existed for 1) six thousand years. It was always wicked and 2) foolish, but in the past£¬the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. 3) man will abolish war, 4) war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the gravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an 5) greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in massacre, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is 6) to change age£­old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.

¡¡¡¡You never know your luck.

¡¡¡¡ÃüÔ˺ûµ²»Óɼº¡£

        There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (½ÌÌõÖ÷ÒåµÄ) assertions which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatical that they are willing to go to war in support of them.

¡¡¡¡The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the international 7) , but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the Hª²bomb.

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        6.´ð°¸¡¼¡½not easy½âÎö¡¼¡½ºÍ difficult×÷ÓÃÏàͬ£¬´Ë˵·¨¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâÉúÓ²µÄÓïÆø£¬¸ü¼Ó·ûºÏÓ¢Óï±í´ïµÄÏ°¹ß¡£

        7.´ð°¸¡¼¡½sphere½âÎö¡¼¡½±¾´ÊÒâ˼ÊÇ£º£¨»î¶¯£©·¶Î§£¬£¨Ñо¿£©ÁìÓò£¬È磺We move in different spheres.ÎÒÃÇÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÁìÓòÀï»î¶¯¡£¸Ã´ÊÓëÎÒÃÇƽʱËù¼û³£¼ûµÄ±í¡°·¶Î§¡±µÄ´Ê²»Í¬£¬Ëü±íʾµÄÒâ˼Ïà¶Ô¹ãЩ£¬ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ò»ÏÂÆäËü±í¡°·¶Î§¡±µÄµ¥´Ê£ºrang, scope, reach, compass£¬ËüÃǶ¼º¬ÓС°Ä³ÊÂËùÄÜ×öµÄ»òËù°üÀ¨µÄ·¶Î§¡±µÄÒâ˼¡£rangeÖ¸¡°ÔËÓÃÐÄ¡¢ÑÛ¡¢»úÆ÷¡¢Á¦Á¿µÈËùÄܸÅÀ¨µÄÕû¸ö·¶Î§¡±£¬È磺the range of his knowledgeËûµÄ֪ʶÃæ¡£scopeÖ¸¡°»î¶¯¡¢Ó°ÏìµÈµÄ·¶Î§¡±£¬ÌØÖ¸¡°Á˽⣬¼û½â¡¢ÊÊÓÃÐÔÒÔÍâµÄ·¶Î§¡±£¬È磺It is within my scope.ÄÇÊÇÔÚÎҵķ¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ¡£reachÖ¸¡°ÊÖ¡¢Ô˶¯¡¢ÖÇÁ¦¡¢Ó°ÏìµÈÄܼ°µÄ·¶Î§¡±£¬È磺It¬ðs beyond the reach of human aid.ÄÇÊÇÈËÁ¦Ëù²»¼°µÄ¡£compass×ÅÖØ¡°Ä³ÎïËùÄܻµÄ·¶Î§¡±È磺speak within compassÔÚÏÞ¶¨·¶Î§ÄÚ½²»°¡£The wealth of the mind is the only wealth. ¾«ÉñµÄ²Æ¸»ÊÇΩһµÄ²Æ¸»¡£

Passage 6.

¡¡¡¡Man and Nature

¡¡¡¡It is selfª²evident that man depends on nature for survival and development.

       1) everything man possesses derives from nature. It is nature that has shaped man himself and his civilization.

¡¡¡¡2) the history of the development of human civilization is also a history of man¬ðs increasing destruction of nature. In primitive societies, people were completely at the mercy of their natural environment. In the agricultural era,

        3) large scales of land cultivation and prodigious irrigation projects caused serious deforestation. The damage to natural environment and ecosystem has even been much greater since the ¡°Industrial Revolution¡±, our land, rivers, oceans and air have now been seriously polluted by poisonous gases, waste drainage and other pollutants released from factories.

¡¡¡¡Man has damaged the environment almost to the extent of ruining his own living space. This has been frighteningly evidenced by the revenges nature has wreaked on man in return: the greenª²house effects, acid rains and the gradual depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. 4£© we want to continue to live in this world, we had better try the best to protect our natural environment, 5) the maintenance of a harmonious relationship with nature is a matter of life and death to us.

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         4.´ð°¸¡¼¡½If½âÎö¡¼¡½±¾´ÊÒâ˼ÊÇ£ºÈç¹û£¬£¨±í¼ÙÉ裩ҪÊÇ£¬È磺If need be, we¬ðll work all night.Èç¹ûÐèÒªÎÒÃǾ͸ɸöͨÏü¡£¸ù¾ÝÖ÷¾äµÄ¾äÒ⣬¡°¡­¡­£¬ÎÒÃDz»µÃ²»¡­¡­¡±ÍƶϿոñÒýÁìµÄÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öÌõ¼þ¾ä£¬ËùÒÔÑ¡ÓÃif¡£

         5.´ð°¸¡¼¡½for½âÎö¡¼¡½forÓÃÓÚ±íʾԭÒò¡£ÕâÀｫÉÏÒ»¾äÖÐÌá³öµÄ¼ÙÉèÈËÃDZØÐëÂÄÐÐÒåÎñµÄÔ­Òò×öÁ˽âÊÍ£¬ËµÃ÷άϵÈËÀàÓë×ÔÈ»µÄºÍг¹ØϵÊÇÉúËÀØü¹ØµÄÊ£¬ÈËÀàÖ»Óа®»¤×ÔÈ»£¬²ÅÄܽø¶ø´ïµ½°®»¤×Ô¼ºµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£You can't judge a tree by its bark.È˲»¿ÉòÏà¡£

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¡¡¡¡Looking Back and Looking Forward

¡¡¡¡Looking back and looking forward are two kinds of attitudes toward life. Mostly, the young people prefer to look forward and think of their future. On the contrary, the old ones like to look back and learn lessons from their experiences. Perhaps this is one reason why two generations often conflict.

¡¡¡¡I think both looking back and looking forward have their advantages. On the one hand, looking back can make the same mistakes and achieve success more easily. On the other hand, looking forward will enable us to go ahead courageously. By looking forward, we can make plans and then strive to accomplish them.

¡¡¡¡In short, both looking forward and looking backward will contribute to our cause. But we should use them properly. If we only look back and not forward, we will waste time. If we look forward without looking back, we may make mistakes which hinder our cause. So we should look back and forward at the same time. Only in this way can we achieve greater success.

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