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Passage 5

Discoveries in science and technology are thought by ¡°untaught minds¡± to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal¡ªand so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.

¡°Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there¡¯s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,¡± wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient:¡°How come nobody thought of that before?¡±

The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.

Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.

17. What does the author probably mean by ¡°untaught mind¡± in the first paragraph?

£ÛA£Ý A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.

£ÛB£Ý A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.

£ÛC£Ý A person who has had no education.

£ÛD£Ý An individual who often comes up with new ideals by accident.

18. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?

£ÛA£Ý The variety of ideas they have.

£ÛB£Ý The intelligence they possess.

£ÛC£Ý The way they deal with problems.

£ÛD£Ý The way they present their findings.

19. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because .

£ÛA£Ý Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity

£ÛB£Ý the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things

£ÛC£Ý the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch¡¯s point of view

£ÛD£Ý the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented

20. The phrase ¡°march to a different drummer¡± (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are .

£ÛA£Ý diligent in pursuing their goals

£ÛB£Ý reluctant to follow common ways of doing things

£ÛC£Ý devoted to the progress of science

£ÛD£Ý concerned about the advance of society

ÎÄÕ½ṹÓëÄÚÈÝ

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1. in blinding flashes ÒÔÁé¸ÐµÄÐÎʽ£¨blindingÒ«Ñ۵ģ¬Ê¹ÈËʧÃ÷µÄ£»flash ÉÁ¹â£©

2. dramatic Ï·¾çÐԵģ¬ÏÔÖøµÄ£¨Ãû´ÊdramaÏ·¾ç£©

3. penicillin ÇàùËØ

4. there and then ÔÚµ±Ê±µ±µØ£¬µ±³¡£¬Á¢¼´£¨=then and there£©

5. antibacterial ¿¹¾úµÄ£¨Í¬¸ù´Êantiwar·´Õ½µÄ---anti·´£¬¿¹£©

6. come out of À´Ô´ÓÚ£¬À´×Ô£¨=come from£©

7. laborious ¼è¿àµÄ£¬Å¬Á¦µÄ£¨Ãû´Êlabor ÀͶ¯£¬¹¤×÷£©

8. trial and error·´¸´ÊÔÑ飻ÊÔ´í·¨£¨¼´Í¨¹ý·´¸´ÊÔÑéÒÔ±ÜÃâ´íÎó¡¢ÕÒµ½Õýȷ˼·µÄ·½·¨£©

9. block ×èµ²£¬·âËø

10. score µÃ£¨·Ö£©

11. take ¡­shots at the goal ÉäÃÅ¡­´Î

12. so it goes with¡­ ¡­Ò²Ò»Ñù

13. innovation ´´Ð£¬¸ïÐÂ

14. innovator ´´ÐÂÕߣ¨Í¬¸ù´Êinnovative ´´ÐµÄ---novУ©

15. work on ŬÁ¦¸É£¬ÖÂÁ¦ÓÚ

16. follow through ¼á³Öµ½µ×£¬¼á³Öµ½Íê³É

17. practicable ¿ÉÐеģ¨Ãû´Êpracticability£©

18. abstraction  ¿ÕÏ룬»ÃÏëµÄÊÂÎ³éÏ󣨶¯´Êabstract ³éÈ¡£¬ÌáÈ¡£»a. ³éÏóµÄ£» n. ÕªÒª £©

19. authority ȨÍþ£¬È¨Á¦

20. account for ½âÊÍ£¨Ô­ÒòµÈ£©£»Õ¼£¨±ÈÀý¡¢ÊýÁ¿µÈ£©

21. seemingly Ëƺõ£¬±íÃæÉÏ

22. proposition Ö÷ÕÅ£»ÃüÌâ £¨Í¬¸ù´Êopposition---pos·ÅÖã©

23. set out ¿ªÊ¼£¬³ö·¢

24. alternate ÆäËûµÄ£¬¶þÕßÑ¡Ò»µÄ£¨Í¬Òå´Êalternative£©

25. in the long run´Ó³¤Ô¶À´¿´£¬×îÖÕ£¨Í¬Òå´Ê in the long term£©

26. be bound to ×¢¶¨£¬±Ø¶¨

27. dead end ¾ø¾³£¬ËÀºúͬ£»¾¡Í·

28. march to a different drummer ±êÐÂÁ¢Ò죻ÏàÐÅÒ»Ìײ»Í¬µÄÔ­Ôò

29. ignorant of ¶Ô¡­ÎÞÖª£¬²»Á˽â

30. restrict ÏÞÖÆ£¨Í¬¸ù´ÊstrictÑϸñµÄ£©

31. come up with Ìá³ö£¬Ïë³ö

32. assertion Ö÷ÕÅ£¬ÂÛ¶Ï

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1. Discoveries in sciences and technology are thought by ¡°untaught minds¡± to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.

£Û½á¹¹·ÖÎö£Ý ±¾¾äµÄÖ÷¸ÉÊÇDiscoveries¡­ are thought ... to ...or as...£¬ÆäÖÐto come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents ÊÇÖ÷ÓïdiscoveriesµÄ²¹Ó¶ÔÆä×÷²¹³ä½âÊÍ¡£×¢Ò⣺untaught mindsµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°²»Á˽â¿ÆѧʵÑé¼è¿à¹ý³ÌµÄÈË¡±£¬¶øblinding flashesµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°Ò«ÑÛµÄ˲¼ä£¨¼´Áé¸Ð£©¡±¡£

[²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ] ¡°²»ÖªÆäÖмèÐÁµÄÈË¡±ÈÏΪ·¢Ã÷´´ÔìÊÇÁé¸Ð»òÏ·¾ç»¯Ê¼þµÄ½á¹û¡£

2. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.

£Û½á¹¹·ÖÎö£Ý ±¾¾äÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ºÏ¾ä£¬Ö÷¸ÉÊÇSir Alexander Fleming did not ... look at and get the idea...£¬ÖмäÊDzåÈë³É·Öas legend would have it£¨Ïó´«ËµÖÐÄÇÑù£©£¬ÔĶÁʱ¿ÉÒÔÏÈÌø¹ýÈ¥¡£

[²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ] ÑÇÀúɽ´ó¡¤·ðÀ³Ã÷¾ôÊ¿²¢²»Ïñ´«ËµÖеÄÄÇÑù£¬¿´µ½Ò»¿éÄÌÀÒÉϵÄù¾ú¾ÍÁ¢¿ÌÓÐÁË·¢Ã÷ÇàùËصÄÏë·¨¡£

3. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

£Û½á¹¹·ÖÎö£Ý ±¾¾ä°üº¬Á½¸ö·Ö¾ä£¬ºóÒ»¸ö·Ö¾äµÄÖ÷ÓïÊÇthe best players£¬Î½ÓïÊÇmiss ºÍhave their shots blocked£¨ËûÃǵÄÉäÃű»µ²×¡£©Á½¸ö²¢ÁеIJ¿·Ö£¬×îºóµÄ±È½Ï½á¹¹much more frequently than they score×÷×´Óï¡£×¢Ò⣺×÷Õß´Ë´¦°Ñ´´ÐÂÕß±ÈÓ÷Ϊ×ãÇòÔ˶¯Ô±£¬¶ø°Ñ´´Ð±ÈÓ÷ΪÌß×ãÇò£¬ÄÇô´´Ð³ɹ¦¾ÍµÈÓÚÉäÃųɹ¦¡£

[²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ] ´´Ð¾ÍÏñÌß×ãÇò£¬¼´Ê¹ÊÇ×îºÃµÄÇòÔ±Ò²»á½«ÇòÉäʧ£¬¶øÇÒËûÃǵÄÉäÃű»µ²×¡µÄʱºò¶à£¬µÃ·ÖµÄʱºòÉÙ¡£

4. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal¡ªand so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.

£Û½á¹¹·ÖÎö£Ý ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö²¢Áо䣺µÚÒ»¸ö·Ö¾äµÄÖ÷¸ÉÊÇThe point is that¡­£¬ºóÃæthatÒýµ¼µÄ±íÓï´Ó¾äµÄÖ÷¸ÉÊÇthe players¡­are the ones¡­£¬ÆäÖÐÓÐÁ½¸ö¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä£¬·Ö±ðÐÞÊÎÖ÷Óïthe playersºÍ±íÓïthe ones£»ÆÆÕÛºÅÖ®ºóµÄ²¿·ÖÊǵڶþ¸ö·Ö¾ä¡£

[²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ] ÎÊÌâÊÇ£¬µÃ·Ö×î¶àµÄÇòÔ±ÕýÊÇÄÇЩÉäÃÅ´ÎÊý×î¶àµÄ---ÈκÎÁìÓòµÄ´´Ð¶¼ÊÇÈç´Ë¡£

5. ¡°Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there is no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,¡± wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority.

£Û½á¹¹·ÖÎö£Ý ±¾¾ä¿ªÊ¼ÊÇÖ±½ÓÒýÓÆäÖ÷¸ÉΪCreative thinking may mean simply the realization...£¬realizationºóÃæµÄthatÒýµ¼µÄͬλÓï´Ó¾äthat there is no particular virtue¡­ÐÞÊÎthe realization£»ÕâһͬλÓï´Ó¾äÖеĽé´Ê½á¹¹in doing things the way they have always been done×÷×´ÓÆäÖÐthey have always been doneÊÇÒ»¸ö¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä£¬ÐÞÊÎthe way£¨the wayÇ°Ãæ¿ÉÒÔÊÓΪʡÂÔÁ˽é´Êin£©¡£×¢Ò⣺there is no virtue in¡­µÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°¡­Ã»ÓÐʲôµÀÀí¡±¡£ÀàËƽṹÓУºthere is no point in¡­ ¡­Ã»ÓеÀÀí¡£

[²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ] ÓïÑÔר¼Ò³µÀ·ò¡¤·ðÀ³Ê¿Ð´µÀ£º¡°´´ÔìÐÔ˼άÍùÍùÖ»Ô´ÓÚÏÂÁÐÈÏʶ---ÒÔ´«Í³·½·¨×öÊÂδ±Ø¾ÍºÃ¡±¡£

6. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: ¡°How come nobody thought of that before?¡±

£Û½á¹¹·ÖÎö£Ý ±¾¾äµÄÖ÷¸ÉÊÇThis accounts for our reaction¡­£¬ÆäÖбöÓïreaction ºóÃæµÄ½é´Ê½á¹¹to seemingly simple innovations¡­×÷reactionµÄ¶¨Ó¶øinnovationsºóÃæÓÖ´øÁ½¸ö¶¨Óһ¸öÊÇlike plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels£¬ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇthatÒýµ¼µÄ¶¨Óï´Ó¾äthat make life more convenient¡£×¢Ò⣺how comeµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°¡­ÊÇÔõô»ØÊ¡±¡£

[²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ] Õâ˵Ã÷ÁËÎÒÃǶÔËÜÁÏÀ¬»ø´üºÍ´øÂÖÂÃÐÐÏäÖ®Àà¿´ËƼòµ¥È´ÁîÉú»î¸ü·½±ãµÄ·¢Ã÷µÄ·´Ó¦£º¡°ÒÔÇ°Ôõô¾ÍûÈËÏëµ½ÕâÒ»µãÄØ£¿¡±

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Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error.

Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.

What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.

The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.