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¡¡¡¡21¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A enhance banks’ sense of responsibility
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵Äϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê“paragraph 1”ºÍ“one motive in imposing the new rule”»ØÎĶ¨Î»ÔÚµÚÒ»¶ÎµÚÈý¾ä“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.”(Õâ¸ö¹æÔòÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊÇÈÃÒøÐмÒΪ²»Á¼·çÏÕ¸ºÔðÒÔ¼°ÐÞ¸´¹«ÖÚ¶Ô½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÐÅÈÎ)£¬¶Ô±ÈËù¸øËĸöÑ¡ÏֻÓÐAÏî enhance banks’ sense of responsibility (Ôö¼ÓÒøÐеÄÔðÈθÐ)ÓëÔÎıíÊöÒ»Ö£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£BÏî“help corporations achieve profits”(°ïÖú¹«Ë¾»ñµÃÀûÈó)ÒÔ¼°CÏî“build a new system of financial regulation”(½¨Á¢ÐµĽðÈÚ¼à¹ÜÌåϵ)ÔÚÔÎÄÖв¢Î´Ìá¼°¡£DÏî“guarantee the bonuses of top executives”(±£Ö¤¸ß¹ÜµÄ½±½ð)ÓëÔÎÄ“…any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years…”(¸ß¹ÜµÄÈκÎÓб£Ö¤µÄ½±½ð»á±»ÑÓ³Ù10Äê)±íÊöÏà·´£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£
¡¡¡¡22¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿D “short-termism” in economic activities
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеēAlfred Marshall”»ØÎĶ¨Î»ÔÚµÚ¶þ¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like….”£¬ÆäÖеēthis financial impatience”Ö¸ÉÏÎÄÌáµ½µÄ“short-termism”£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇAlfred MarshallÃèÊö“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Ò唵ÄÐÐΪ¾ÍÏñ……£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª£¬DÏî“short-termism” in economic activities(¾¼Ã»î¶¯Öеē¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”) ΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£ÆäËûÑ¡ÏîÔÚÔÎÄÖоùδÌá¼°£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£
¡¡¡¡23¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B adverse
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê“Transient investment”¶¨Î»µÚÈý¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾ä£¬“Transient investors, ... can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”(¶ÌÔÝͶ×Ê»á¶Ô¹«Ë¾µÄ³¤ÆÚ¹æ»®Éè×裬²¢Ó°Ïì¿Í»§µÄÖҳ϶ȡ£)AÏî indirect (¼ä½ÓµÄ)£¬ÔÎÄδÌá¼°£¬Åųý; BÏîadverse (²»ÀûµÄ) ¶ÔÓ¦ÔÎÄ“hinder”£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·Ñ¡Ïî;CÏîminimal (×îСµÄ)ºÍ DÏî temporary(ÔÝʱµÄ)ÔÎÄδÌá¼°£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£
¡¡¡¡24¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C the approaches to promoting “Long-termism”
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¶¨Î»µ½µÚÎå¡¢Áù¶Î£¬µÚÎå¶ÎΪÃÀ¹úµÄÀý×Ó£¬µÚÁù¶ÎΪ·¨¹úµÄÀý×Ó£¬(µÚÎå¶ÎÖÐÃÀ¹úÑÓ³Ù·¢·Å²ÅÉÏÈÎÒ»Äê×óÓҵĸ߹ܼ¨Ð§½òÌù£¬¼Ì¶ø´Ù½ø»º½â“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ê¢ÐеÄÏÖ×´;µÚÁù¶ÎÔÚ·¨¹ú³Ö¹ÉÁ½ÄêÒÔÉÏÕßÓµÓиü´óµÄѡƱȨ¡£)µÚÁù¶ÎÊ×¾ä³ÐǰÆôºó½²µ½“Much more could be done to encourage ‘long-termism’”´Ù½ø“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”»¹Óкܶà×ö·¨¡£A ÏîThe obstacles to preventing “short-termism”(Ô¤·À“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Ò唵Ä×è°)£¬ÎÞÖÐÉúÓУ¬¹ÊÅųý; BÏî The significance of long-termism thinking(“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”˼άµÄÒâÒå)£¬ÎÞÖÐÉúÓУ¬¹ÊÅųý;CÏîThe approaches to promoting “Long-termism”(´Ù½ø“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Ò唵ķ½·¨)£¬ÓëÔÎÄÒ»Ö£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·Ñ¡Ïî; [D] The prevalence of short-termism thinking (“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”˼άµÄÊ¢ÐÐ)ΪµÚËĶÎÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓëÌâ¸ÉÎ޹أ¬¹ÊÅųý¡£
¡¡¡¡25.¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B Patience as a Corporate Virtue
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Êbest title¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵ÄÖ÷Ö¼´óÒâÌâ¡£×ݹÛÈ«ÎÄ£¬ÎÄÕÂÎ§ÈÆÎ÷·½¹ú¼ÒµÄ½ðÈÚÐÐÒµµÄ“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ʺ͓³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊÕ¹¿ª¡£µÚÒ»¶ÎÓɽðÈÚ¹ÜÀíÕßÖÆ¶¨µÄÒ»ÏîÏÞÖÆ¸ß¹Ü½òÌù´ëÊ©Òý³öÈ«ÎÄÖÐÐÄ»°Ì⣬´Ù½ø½ðÈÚͶ×ʵ糤ÆÚÖ÷Ò唹滮;µÚ¶þ¶Î½éÉÜÁËĿǰӢ¹úÒøÐи߹ÜÖГ¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊÕ¼Ö÷Á÷;µÚÈý¶ÎÖ¸³ö“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ʵı׶ˣ¬µÚËĶÎÖ÷Òª½éÉÜÃÀ¹úÏÖ½×¶ÎÈÔȻͨ¹ý¼¼ÊõÊÖ¶ÎʹµÃ“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊÓú·¢Ê¢ÐÐ;ÎåÁù¶Î¾ÙÀýµãÃ÷ÃÀ·¨Á½¹úΪ´Ù½ø“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊËù²ÉÈ¡µÄ´ëÊ©;ÎÄÕÂβ¶ËÔٴκôÓ¦Ê׶Σ¬µãÃ÷Ó¢¹úÐÂÕþÌáÐÑÒøÐмÒÃÇ×¢ÖØ“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×Ê¡£BÑ¡ÏîÖеÄPatience¶ÔÓ¦ÎÄÕÂÖз´¸´³öÏÖµÄÖ÷Ìâ´Êshort-termisim ºÍlong-termisim, Corporate±¾ÉíÔÚÎÄÕÂÖоͶà´Î³öÏÖ£¬Òò´ËΪ×î¼Ñ±êÌâ¡£ÆäÓàÑ¡ÏîA. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism (¼¾¶È×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåµÄʧ°Ü), C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives (¸ß¹ÜÐèÒªµÄ¾ö¶ÏÁ¦) D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers(ðÏÕÒøÐмҵĴì°Ü¸Ð)¾ù²»ÄܸÅÀ¨È«ÎÄ£¬¹ÊÅųý.
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¡¡¡¡26¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿D The influence of consumer culture.
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÐÅÏ¢´Ê¶¨Î»µ½Ê׶εÚÒ»¾ä£¬¾ä×ÓÖ÷¸É“Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education”¼´¸ßУ³É¼¨ÅòÕÍÎÊÌâͨ³£±»ÈÏΪÊÇÏû·ÑÕßÖÁÉÏʱ´úµÄ²úÎѡÏîThe influence of consumer culture. “Ïû·ÑÕßÖÁÉÏÎÄ»¯µÄÓ°Ïì”ÕýÊǸþäÔÒòµÄͬÒå±í´ï¡£¹ÊDÑ¡ÏîÕýÈ·¡£
¡¡¡¡27¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A To help freshmen adapt to college learning
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÒªÇó¶¨Î»µ½µÚÈý¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾ä¡£¸Ã¾äÖеÄthis practice¶ÔÓ¦Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄgrade forgiveness£¬first started¶ÔÓ¦Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄoriginal£¬¶ø²»¶¨Ê½¶ÌÓïto give them(freshmen)a second chance...if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses(Èç¹û´óÒ»ÐÂÉúÔÚ¶¼Ïò´óѧ¿Î³ÌµÄ¹ý¶ÉÖÐÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ»°ÔÚ¸øËûÃÇÒ»´Î»ú»á......)ΪĿµÄ£¬¶ÔÓ¦Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄpurpose£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·´ð°¸Ó¦Îª[A]Ñ¡ÏîTo help freshmen adapt to college learning(°ïÖú´óÒ»ÐÂÉúÊÊÓ¦´óѧѧϰ)¡£
¡¡¡¡28.¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A obtain more financial support
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ï¸½ÚÌâ×öÌâµÄ¼¼ÇÉÊǓ׼ȷ¶¨Î»ºÍÆ¥Å䔡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê “paragrph 5”,ÒÔ¼°“grade forgiveness”ºÍ“colleges”¶¨Î»µ½µÚÎå¶ÎµÚÒ»¾ä»°¡£Í¨¹ýµÚÒ»¾ä»°¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬“grade forgiveness”Âú×ãÁË´óѧ×Ô¼ºµÄÐèÒª£¬¶ø¾ßÌåµÄÐèÒªÔÚµÚ¶þ¾äÖÐÌåÏÖ£¬Òò´Ë±¾ÌâÕæÕýµÄ´ð°¸³ö×ÔÓÚµÚ¶þ¾ä¼´“For public institution…”¡£µÚ¶þ¾ä»°µÄÒâ˼ÊÇ“¶ÔÓÚ´óѧÀ´½²£¬¹ú¼ÒµÄ»ù½ðÓÐʱºòÊǸúһЩÒòËØÓйص쬱ÈÈç±ÏÒµÂʺÍѧÉúÔÚѧÂÊ£¬Òò´ËºÃµÄ·ÖÊýÒâζ×ÅÇ®¡£Ìâ¸ÉÖÐÎÊÌâʹ“grade forgiveness”ʹ´óѧÄܹ»…,¶ø¸ù¾Ý±¾¶ÎµÄµÚ¶þ¾ä»°£¬¿ÉÖª “grade forgiveness”ʹ´óѧÄܹ»»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄ¹ú¼ÒµÄ»ù½ð£¬ÕâÓëAÑ¡Ïî“»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄ¾¼ÃÖ§³Ö”Æ¥Å䣬Òò´ËÕýÈ·´ð°¸Ñ¡A¡£
¡¡¡¡29¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C To be identical with each other.
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâÄ¿¶¨Î»µ½µÚ6¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä£ºOn this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.½â¾ö±¾ÌâµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇthisÖ¸´úµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬¸ù¾ÝÉÏÎÄSince students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. ¼´“ÓÉÓÚѧÉúºÍ¼Ò³¤¶¼Ï£Íûͨ¹ý´óѧѧÀúÕÒ¹¤×÷£¬Òò´Ë·ûºÏѧУ×î¼ÑÀûÒæµÄ±ãÊǾ¡¿ÉÄܵØÖ¤Ã÷ѧÉúµÄÄÜÁ¦——»òÕß˵ÖÁÉÙ¿´ÆðÀ´Èç´Ë”¡£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª£¬Ñ§ÉúºÍѧУÓÐ׏²Í¬µÄÀûÒæÄ¿±ê£¬ËùÒÔÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÎªC£¬Ñ§ÉúºÍѧУµÄ³«ÒéÊÇÒ»Öµġ£
¡¡¡¡30¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B analyzing the causes behind it.
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É£¬±íÃæÉÏÎÊ×÷Õßͨ¹ýʲôÂÛÊö·½Ê½À´Ì½ÌÖgrade forgivenessµÄʵ¼ù²Ù×÷£¬ÆäʵÊÇ¿¼È«ÎĵÄÖ÷ּд×÷ÊÖ·¨£¬ÊôÓÚÖ÷Ö¼´óÒâÌâ¡£·½·¨¼´ÊÇ´®¶Áÿ¶Î¶ÎÂä´óÒâ¾ä£¬°ÑÎÕ×÷ÕßµÄÂÛÊö½Ç¶È¡£ÓÈÆä£¬ÔÚµÚÒ»¶ÎµÚÒ»¾ä Grade inflation-…. - is often considered a product of a consumer era…. ÒÔ¼°µÚ¶þ¾ä But another, related force -…… ̸¼°µÄ¶¼ÊDZ³ºóµÄÔÒò¡£µÚÎå¶Î£¬µÚÒ»¾ä That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges' own needs as well. Ò²ÊÇÍ»³öÁËgrade forgiveness Äܹ»Âú×ã´óѧ×ÔÉíµÄÐèÇó£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇ·ÖÎöÁËgrade forgivenessµÄÔÒò¡£ËùÒÔ£¬¸ÃÌâ´ð°¸ÊÇBÏanalyzing the causes behind it.
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¡¡¡¡31¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ [C] involves some concerns raised by AI today
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ÓÉÌâ¸É±íÊö¿ÉÅжϱ¾ÌâΪµäÐ͵Ĺ۵ãÀýÖ¤Ì⣬ËùÖ¤¹Ûµã¾ÍÔÚÀý֤ǰºó£¬¸ÃÀý×Ó³öÏÖÔÚÆªÊ×£¬Òý³öÖ÷ÌâÔÚºó¡£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª±¾Ìⶨλ¾äΪµÚÒ»¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä»°¡£ÓëÑ¡Ïî±È¶Ô¿ÉÖª£¬CÏîΪ“... that would ... to come”²¿·ÖµÄͬÒåתÊö£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£ÆäÖУ¬involves¶ÔÓ¦foreshadow£¬some concerns¶ÔÓ¦many ethical questions£¬Ê£Óಿ·Ö¶ÔӦѡÏîÖеÄraised by AI today¡£ÆäÓàÑ¡ÏîÔÚÔÎľùÎÞÒÀ¾Ý£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£
¡¡¡¡32¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] is too limited for us to reproduce it
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¹Ûµãϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеÄDavid Eagleman¶¨Î»µ½ÎÄÖеÚËĶεÚÒ»¾ä£¬¸Ã¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾äthere are no good theoriesÓëÌâ¸ÉÖеÄknowledgeÊôÓڵȼ۴ú»»£¬¸Ã¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾äÖеÄconsciousnessÓëÌâ¸ÉÖеÄconsciousness¶ÔÓ¦£¬µÚÒ»¾ä±íÃ÷¹âÈËÃÇÈçºÎ˼¿¼¾Í¸´ÔÓµ½ÄÑÒÔÀí½âµÄ³Ì¶È¸ü²»ÓÃ˵Ҫ¸´ÖÆËüÁË£¬µÚ¶þ¾ä±íÃ÷ÎÒÃÇûÓнâÊÍʲôÊÇconsciousnessµÄÀíÂÛ£¬ÓëÑ¡ÏîDÎǺϡ£Ìâ¸Éour current knowledge of consciousness ¼°Ñ¡Ïîis too limited for usÓ붨λ¾äÖеÄthere are no good theories explaining what consciousness actuallyÊôÓڵȼ۴ú»»£¬Ñ¡Ïîreproduce itÓ붨λ¾äÖÐreproducedÊôµÈ¼Û´ú»»¡£Ñ¡ÏîA¡¢Ñ¡ÏîB¼°Ñ¡ÏîC»ùÓÚÎÄÖгöÏÖµÄartificial intelligence¡¢robot¼°sci-fi TV series´íÎóÒýÉê¡£
¡¡¡¡33¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ [B] is still beyond our capacity.
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¡¡¡¡34¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[A] affirmation
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ì¬¶ÈÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеÄthe author’s attitude£¬Google’s pledges¡£»ØÎĶ¨Î»µ½µÚÆß¶Î£¬µÚ°Ë¶Î£¬µ«ÆäÆß¶Î¶¼ÊÇÔÚ½²Google’s pledge£¬¼ÌÐø¿´µÚ°Ë¶Î£¬¿ªÍ·while£¬×ªÕÛ£¬while the statement is vague,ÓëvagueÏà·´µÄ¼´Êǹ۵㣬Õâ¸öµØ·½Ã»ÓÐ˵ÊÇ˵Ĺ۵㣬ÎÞÈËÈÏÁìµÄ¹Ûµã¼´ÊÇ×÷ÕߵĹ۵㡣vagueÊÇÇé¸ÐÏòϵĴÊÓÏà·´·½ÏòÓ¦ÊÇÕýÏòÇé¸Ð¡£[B]skepticism[C]contempt ¶¼ÊǸºÏòÇé¸Ð£¬È«²¿Åųý¡£[D]respect£¬ËäÊÇÕýÏòÇé¸Ð£¬Æä³Ì¶ÈÌ«Éî¡£ËùÒÔÑ¡affirmation¡£
¡¡¡¡35¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ö÷Ö¼Ìâ¡£±¾ÎÄÊ×¶Îͨ¹ýÒýÓÃMary ShelleyµÄÊéÒý³ö±¾ÎÄҪ̽ÌֵϰÌâм¼ÊõËùÒý·¢µÄµÀµÂÎÊÌâ¡£µÚ¶þ¶Î¸üÊÇÃ÷È·Ö¸³öAIÒýÆðÁËһЩÎÊÌâ¡£µÚÈý¶ÎºÍµÚËĶζԵڶþ¶ÎÌá³öµÄÁ½¸öÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁËÏêϸµÄ²ûÊö£¬±íÃ÷ÎÒÃDz¢²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨ÖÇÄÜ»¯µÄ³Ì¶ÈÒÔ¼°ÒòΪËù´¦»·¾³µÄ¸´ÔÓÎÞ·¨¶¨ÒåÈËÀà×ÔÎÒÒâʶ¡£¶øÔÚµÚÎå¶ÎתÕÛÖ®ºóÃ÷È·Ö¸³öAIËùÉæ¼°µÄµÀµÂÎÊÌâÒѾ´¥Êֿɼ°ÁË¡£È«Æª¸´ÏÖÁËAIºÍconscienceÕâÁ½¸ö¹Ø¼ü´Ê£¬Òò´ËÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÎªC£¬The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable¡£
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¡¡¡¡36¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[C] make more online shoppers pay sales tax
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵Äϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê”The Supreme Court Decision Thursday”¶¨Î»µ½Ê×¶ÎÊ׾䣬States will be able to force more shoppers to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.Óɸþä¿ÉÖª£¬×î¸ß·¨ÔºµÄ²Ã¾ö¿ÉÒÔÈÃÖÝÕþ¸®È¥Ç¿ÖÆÏû·ÑÕßÔÚÍøÉϹºÎïʱҪÉϽÉÏúÊÛ˰(Ӫҵ˰)£¬Ö±½ÓµÃ³öÑ¡Ïî[C] make more online shoppers pay sales tax£¬Èøü¶àÔÚÏß¹ºÎïÕßÖ§¸¶ÏúÊÛ˰¡£
¡¡¡¡37¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] were considered unfavorable by states
¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵ÄÍÆÀíÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¶¨Î»·¶Î§È·¶¨ÎªµÚ¶þ£¬Èý¶Î£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸Éϸ½Ú£º overruled decisionsÈ·¶¨¶¨Î»¾äΪµÚ¶þ¶ÎµÄµÚÒ»¾äÓëµÚ¶þ¾ä£¬µÚ¶þ¾äthat states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annuallyÖÝÕþ¸®±§Ô¹Ö®Ç°µÄÕþ²ßµ¼ÖÂÿÄê˰ÊÕËðʧ²ÒÖØ¡£µÚÈý¾äThe decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases£¬ÔÕþ²ßÈÃÖÝÕþ¸®ºÜÄÑÊÕÈ¡ÍøÉϹºÎïµÄӪҵ˰¡£×ÛºÏÁ½¾äÇé¸ÐÉ«²Ê¶¼Îª¸ºÏò£¬¶ÔÖÝÕþ¸®²»Àû£¬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö´ð°¸[D] were considered unfavorable by states ÖÝÕþ¸®ÈÏΪÔÕþ²ß¶ÔÖݲ»Àû¡£
¡¡¡¡38¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] harmed fair market competition
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¡¡¡¡39¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[B] Big-chain owners
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¡¡¡¡40¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] cites some cases related to it and analyses their implications
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