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1. …is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by …but also by …

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Weahter a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farners as well.

2.There is no denying the fact that…

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There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extemerely serious problem:the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

3.As is known to all,…

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As is known to all,fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of comsumers)

4.More and more people are realing the importance of …

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Tody an increaasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order,very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education.

5.FromwhatIhavementionedabovewecanseeclearlythat…

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From what I have mentoned above,we can see clearly that violence on TV has great influence on young adults’behaviour.(»ò teenagers’behavior »ò youngsters’behavior)

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1.There are some good reasons for…(·ÖÎöÔ­Òò)

two possible

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There are two reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions.Inthefirst place,we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy.Secondly,there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more,the birth rate has been put under control.

2.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows.In the first place,… Secondly,…Finally… solve

tackle

relieve (Ìá³ö½¨Òé)

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My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with,it is urgent to create nature reserves.Secondly,certain rare wild animals that are goingtobeextinct should be collected,fed and reproduced artificially.Finally ,those who hunter them must be punished severely.

3.Different people have different opinions on this question.Some people believe that …

Others

problem. matter. argue that… Still others assert that…(ÂÛÊö²»Í¬¿´·¨)

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People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfii what they are determined to do.Others,however,lose heart and give in.

4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable,convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. (·¢±íÒâ¼û)

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It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (·ÖÎöÀû±×)

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As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble.Peoplein many countries are srffering from public hazards.

6.For example, … (¾ÙÀý²ûÊö) For instance, … Let’s take …for examlpe.

¾ÍÄÃÆû³µÎªÀý¡£Æû³µ²»½öÎÛȾ³ÇÊпÕÆø£¬¶øÇÒʹ³ÇÊÐÓµ¼·²»¿°¡£´ËÍ⣬Æû³µÔì³ÉÐí¶à½»Í¨Ê¹Ê¡£Æû³µËù²úÉúµÄÔëÒôʹ¾ÓסÔÚ½ÖµÀÁ½ÅԵľÓÃñÈÕÒ¹²»µÃ°²Äþ¡£

Les ’ s take cars for example.They not only pollute the air in cities,but make them crowed.Furthermore,they carse a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

7.It is generally believed that … accepted (ÒýÖ¤¹Ûµã) thought held

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It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)(Òò¹û¹Øϵ)ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬ÐèÇóµÄÔö³¤µ¼ÖÂÁ˼۸ñµÄÉÏÕÇ¡£

There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.

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1. As is shown by the graph,… (¸ÅÊöͼ±í)

in the table.

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As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.

2. It can be seen from the table that … (µÃ³ö½áÂÛ) shown graph concluded figures estimated statistics

A. ´Ó±íÖÐËù¸øµÄͳ¼ÆÊý×Ö¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬´Ó 1985 Äêµ½ 1990 ÄêÖйúµÄÈ˾ùÊÕÈëѸËÙÌá¸ß¡£

From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew ¡¢rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.

B. ´ÓÇúÏßͼ¿ÉÒԵóö½áÂÛ£¬×î½ü 5 ÄêÀ´ÖйúÈ˿ڵijöÉúÂÊÒѾ­´ó´óϽµ¡£

It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.

3. … amount to … (ÊýÁ¿×ܼÆ) add up to come to

sum up to

È«²¿·ÑÓÃºÏ¼Æ 200 ÃÀÔª¡£All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.

4. … increase from … to … ( ÊýÁ¿Ôö¼õ ) decrease rise fall drop

A. Õâ¸ö¹¤³§Éú²úµÄ²ÊµçÒÑÓÉ 1986 ÄêµÄ 5000 ̨Ôö¼Óµ½ 1990 ÄêµÄ21000 ̨¡£

The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.

B.²Î¼ÓÕßµÄÈËÊýÔö¼Óµ½ 30 Íò¡£The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons).

C. Õâ¸öѧУµÄ½ÌÖ°¹¤ÈËÊýÒѼõÉÙµ½ 700 ÈË¡£The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.

5.(be)three times as + ÐÎÈÝ´Ê + as ×ܲúÁ¿ total output ¸ÖµÄÄê²úÁ¿ the annual output of ÉÏÉý 17% rise by 17per cent steel ÈÕ²úÁ¿ the daily output µ¼Ö²úÁ¿Ï½µ result in a diminished output

ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃǵØÇøµÄÁ¸Ê³²úÁ¿Ï൱ÓÚ 1970 ÄêµÄ 3±¶¡£

The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.

6.Compared with … , …

ÓëÈ¥ÄêÏà±È£¬½ñÄê 13 ÏîÖ÷Òª²úÆ·µÄ²úÁ¿¶¼Óдó·ù¶ÈÔö³¤¡£The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.

Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.

7.There is (was) a rapid rise in … be on the rise

has been sharp increase on the increase

sudden decrease on the decline

steady decline

gradual fall

slow drop

slight

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The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.

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1. In my opinion, … 2. Personally, I … 3. In short (= In brief), …

4. In conclusion, … 5.As far as I’m concerned, … 6. To conclude , it seems clearthat…

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As far as I’mconcerned,I’ m in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.

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