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I. Reading Comprehension: 

Text   1

    In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of workers and clients from the owner¡¯s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of ¡°primary¡± institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger ¡°secondary¡± institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include relatives, friends, and neighborhood or community subgroups.

    A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their relatives because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume the commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates. 
  
    Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositaries for dues collected from friendly groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They, in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions. (459 words)

    Notes: ethnic Ãñ×åµÄ¡£entrepreneursÆóÒµ¼Ò¡£frugalÇÚ¼óµÄ¡£in rotationÂÖÁ÷µØ¡£entrepreneurialÆóÒµµÄ¡£depositary´¢´æ´¦¡£due n. »á·Ñ¡£spring from´Ó¡­ÅÉÉú¡£contractor firms³Ð°ü¹«Ë¾¡£rotating credit associationsÂÖÁ÷ÐÅ´ûЭ»á¡£

1. Which of the following illustrates the working of a self-help support network as described in the text?

  A. The local government in a city sets up a program that helps teen-agers find jobs.
  B. A commercial bank offers low-interest loans to those who hope to establish businesses.
  C. A neighborhood-based organization develops a program of job training for its members and their friends.
  D. A public high school offers courses in book-keeping and accounting as part of its open adult education program.

2. The logical organization of the second paragraph is that _________.

  A. an argument is stated, followed by a counter argument
  B. an assertion is made and several examples are provided to illustrate it
  C. a situation is described and its historical background is then outlined
  D. an example of a phenomenon is given and then is used as a basis for conclusions

3. It can be learned from the text that ________.

  A. self-help networks have been effective in helping entrepreneurs primarily in the last 50 years
  B. minority groups have developed a range of alternatives to standard financing of business ventures
  C. a minority entrepreneur who had no assistance from family members would not be able to start a business
  D. the financial institutions founded by various ethnic groups owe their success to their unique formal organization

4. It can be learned from the last paragraph of the text that rotating credit associations _________.

  A. were developed exclusively by Chinese immigrants in New York
  B. were frequently joint endeavors by members of two or three different ethnic groups
  C. had to be relied on by the Chinese because they could not borrow money from commercial banks
  D. provided a big portion of the investment capital for Chinese immigrants in New York in the early 20th century

5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the Irish building and loan associations _________.

  A. originated as offshoots of church-related groups      B. were started by third-or fourth-generation immigrants
  C. helped employ many Irish construction workers      D. enabled Irish entrepreneurs to finance manufacturing  

Text  2

    In 1997 the prestigious Ewha Women¡¯s University in Seoul, Korea, announced the opening of the first women¡¯s studies program in Asia. Few academic programs have ever received such public attention. In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity, an imitation of Western ideas, and a distraction from the real task of national unification and economic development. Even supporters underestimated the program; they thought it would be merely another of the many Western ideas that had already proved useful in Asian culture, similar to airlines, electricity, and the assembly line. The founders of the program, however, realized that neither view was correct. They had some reservations about the applicability of Western feminist theories to the role of women in Asia and felt that such theories should be closely examined. Their approach has thus far yielded important critiques of Western theory, informed by the special experience of Asian women.
  
    For instance, like the Western feminist critique of the Freudian model of the human psyche, the Korean critique finds Freudian theory culture-bound, but in ways different from those cited by Western theorists. The Korean theorists claim that  Freudian theory assumes the universality of the Western nuclear, male-headed family and focuses on the personality formation of the individual, independent of society. An analysis based on such assumptions could be valid for a highly competitive, individualistic society. In the Freudian family drama, family members are assumed to be engaged in a Darwinian struggle against each other £­father against son and mother against daughter. Such a concept projects the competitive model of Western society onto human personalities. But in the Asian concept of personality there is no ideal attached to individualism or to the independent self. The Western model of personality development does not explain major characteristics of the Korean personality, which is social and group-centered. The ¡°self¡± is a social being defined by and acting in a group, and the well-being of both men and women is determined by the equilibrium of the group, not by individual self-assertion. The ideal is one of interdependency.
   
    In such a context, what is recognized as ¡°dependency¡± in Western psychiatric terms is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure. All this bears directly on the Asian perception of men¡¯s and women¡¯s psychology because men are also ¡°dependent¡±. In Korean culture, men cry and otherwise easily show their emotions, something that might be considered a betrayal of masculinity in Western culture. In the kinship-based society of Korea, four generations may live in the same house, which means that people can be sons and daughters all their lives, whereas in Western culture, the roles of husband and son, wife and daughter, are often incompatible.  (451 words)

    Notes: prestigious ÓÐÉùÍûµÄ¡£national identity Ãñ×åÐÔ¡£feminist ŮȨÖ÷ÒåµÄ¡£thus far ÖÁ½ñ¡£ be informed by ±»¡­¹á´©¡£culture-bound ÊÜÎÄ»¯ÏÞÖƵÄ¡£psyche ÐÄÁé¡£project ¡­ onto °Ñ¡­Í¶Éäµ½¡­ÉÏ£¬Ê¹¡­·´Ó³ÔÚ¡­ÉÏ¡£social being Éç»á´æÔÚ¡£well-being ÐÒ¸£¡£equilibrium ƽºâ¡£bear on Ó°Ïì¡­¡£masculinity ÄÐ×ÓÆø¡£kinship-based Ç×ÊôΪ»ù´¡µÄ¡£

1. Some of the supporters of the Ewha women¡¯s studies program __________.

  A. assumed that the program would be based on the uncritical adoption of Western theories
  B. failed to show concern for the issues of national unification and economic development
  C. were unfamiliar with Western feminist theories and their important roles in social life
  D. were not themselves scholars in the field of women¡¯s studies and had no idea about them

2. According to paragraph 2, the Western feminist critique of Freudian theory __________.

    A. fails to address the issue of competitiveness in Western society
    B. recognizes the influence of Western culture on Freudian theory
    C. acknowledges the universality of the nuclear, male-headed family
    D. challenges Freudian analysis of the women¡¯s role in Western society
 
3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the Ewha women¡¯s studies group holds that __________.

  A. personality development occurs in identifiable stages from childhood to adulthood
  B. any theory of personality development, in order to be valid, must be universal
  C. personality development is influenced by the characteristics of the society a person lives in
  D. personality development is hindered if a person is not permitted to be independent

4. By referring to ¡°dependency¡± in the last paragraph, the author intends to show           .

  A. the betrayal of masculinity in Western culture
  B. the characteristics of kinship-based Korean culture
  C. the compatible attitude of parents towards their children
  D. the distinction between the Western culture and the Korean culture

5. Which of the following best summarizes the content of the text?

  A. A critique of a particular women¡¯s studies program.
  B. A brief history of Korean women¡¯s studies program.
  C. An assessment of a particular women¡¯s studies program.
  D. A report of work in social theory done by a particular women¡¯s studies program.

Word  Study

1. dismiss (Ï¿Î)ÈÃ×ßµô£¬Ê¹£¨»á£©½âÉ¢£»½â¹Í£»´òÏû£¨Ïë·¨£©£¬²»¿¼ÂÇ£»ÈÏΪ£¨²»ÖØÒª£©¶ø²»¼Ó¿¼ÂÇ£º
1) The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes earlier. (ÀÏʦÌáÇ°10·ÖÖÓÏ¿ÎÁË¡£) 
2) No lecturer may be dismissed from his post for misconduct without proper inquiry being held. (ûÓнøÐкúõĵ÷²é¾ÍÈÏΪÐÐΪ²»¶ËÊDz»¿ÉÒÔ½âƸÀÏʦµÄ¡£) 
3) She did her best to dismiss the thoughts. (Ëý¾¡Á¦´òÏûÕâЩÏë·¨¡£) 
4) He dismissed the suggestion with a shake of his head. (ËûÒ¡Ò¡Í·²»¿¼ÂÇÕâÏÒé¡£) 
5) He just laughed, and dismissed the idea as unimportant. (ËûÖ»ÊÇ´óЦ£¬ÈÏΪÕâ¸öÖ÷Òâ²»ÖØÒª¶ø²»¼Ó¿¼ÂÇ¡£) 
6) He dismissed the story as mere rumor. (ËûÈÏΪÕâ¼þÊÂÊÇÒ¥ÑÔ²»Ð¼Ò»¹Ë¡£)

ͬ¸ù´Ê£ºdismissal ½â¹Í£ºMartin was not free from a fear of dismissal if he refused to obey. (Èç¹ûÂí¶¡²»¿Ï·þ´Ó£¬ÄÇËû¾ÍÎÞ·¨°ÚÍѵ£Ðı»½â¹Í¡£)

2. reserve vt. ±£Áô£»Ô¤¶¨£»Áôµ½ÒÔºó£¨ÔÙÐû²¼ÌÖÂ۵ȣ©£º
1) I reserve the right to make my own decision. (ÎÒ±£Áô×ö³öÎÒ×Ô¼º¾ö¶¨µÄȨÀû¡£)
2) I will reserve my opinion at this time. (Õâ´ÎÎÒ½«±£ÁôÎҵĿ´·¨¡£) 
3) The use of this room is reserved to members of the staff. (Õâ¸ö·¿¼äµÄʹÓÃȨÁô¸øÄÚ²¿ÈËÔ±¡£) 
4) He reserved a table for two.

reserve n. ±£Áô»ò´¢±¸µÄ¶«Î÷£¬´¢±¸½ð£¬´¢Á¿£»ºó±¸¾üÈË£»×ÔÈ»±£»¤Çø£º
1) As I require money quickly I must draw on my reserve. (µ±ÎÒÂíÉÏÐèҪǮʱ£¬ÎÒ±ØÐëÀûÓÃÎҵĴ¢±¸½ð¡£) 
2) The old man keeps a large reserve of firewood for cold weather. (ÕâλÀÏÈ˱£´æÁË´óÁ¿Éú»ðľ²ñÌìÀäʱÓá£) 
3) the bank¡¯s reservesÒøÐд¢±¸½ð£»the gold reserve »Æ½ð´¢±¸¡£
4) Animals are kept in reserves lest they should be shot. (¶¯Îï¹ØÔÚ×ÔÈ»±£»¤ÇøÒÔÃâ±»Éäɱ¡£) 
5) He is a person of reserve. (ËûÊÇÒ»¸ö³ÁĬ¹ÑÑÔµÄÈË¡£)
ÓÃÓÚ³ÉÓin reserve ±£´æÆðÀ´£ºI still have a little money in reserve. with reserve Óб£ÁôµØ£ºClearly, he spoke with reserve, but even so his meaning was quite plain. without reserve ÎÞ±£ÁôµØ£ºWe accept your statement without reserve.

reserved adj. ³ÁĬ¹ÑÑԵģ»Óб£ÁôµÄ£º
1) He was naturally thoughtful and reserved.  
2) reserved consent (Óб£ÁôµÄͬÒâ)¡£

reservation ±£Áô(Òâ¼û)£»¶¨£¨Æ±¡¢×ù£©£»±£ÁôµØ£º
1) I have no reservation about hiring him.  
2) We make reservations of rooms at a hotel.  
3) The government has set apart Indian reservations. (Õþ¸®ÒѾ­»®³öÓ¡µÚ°²È˱£ÁôµØ¡£

Text  3

[2002 RC 2]

    Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics ¨C the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.

    As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy ¨C far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves ¨C goals that pose a real challenge. ¡°While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,¡± says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, ¡°we can¡¯t yet give a robot enough ¡®common sense¡¯ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.¡±

    Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year of 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

    What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain¡¯s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented ¨C and human perception far more complicated ¨C than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer system on Earth can¡¯t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don¡¯t know quite how we do it. (418 words) 

    Notes: ingenuity ÐÄÁéÊÖÇÉ£¬·¢Ã÷´´Ôì¡£plain adv. (=simply)¼òÖ±ÊÇ¡£teller ³öÄÉÔ±¡£confer¡­ on¡­°Ñ¡­¸³Óè¡­¡£for themselves ¶ÀÁ¢µØ¡£a spell of Ò»Õó¡£panel¿ØÖư壻ÂÛ̳¡£panel discussion ÂÛ̳ÌÖÂۻᡣ                                                                                  

1. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ____________.

   A. the use of machines to produce science fiction        B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry
   C. the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work  D. the elite¡¯s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work

2. The word ¡°gizmos¡± (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ____________.

   A. programs                B. experts              C. devices          D. creatures

3. According to the text, what is beyond man¡¯s ability now is to design a robot that can ____________.

   A. fulfil delicate tasks like performing brain surgery      B. interact with human beings verbally
   C. have a little common sense                        D. respond independently to a changing world

4. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ____________.

   A. make a few decisions for themselves                B. deal with some errors with human intervention
   C. improve factory environment                      D. cultivate human creativity

5. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ____________.

    A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure
    B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately
    C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
    D.  best used in a controlled environment

Text  4 (¿ÎÍâÔĶÁ)

[98ÄêÔĶÁöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØÎÄÕ£¬ÊÔÌâÖرà]
                                                                
    Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo¡¯s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic church or poet William Blake¡¯s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

    Until recently the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics--but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked ¡°anti-science¡± in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.

    Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as ¡°The Flight from Science and Reason,¡± held in New York City in 1995, and ¡°Science in the Age of (Mis) information,¡± which assembled last June near Buffalo.

    Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science¡¯s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.

    A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

    Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. *But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

    The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

    Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. ¡°The term ¡®anti-science¡¯ can lump together too many, quite different things,¡± notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. ¡°They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.¡±                                                            (399 words)

    Notes: schism·ÖÁÑ¡£if anything ÉõÖÁÓÚ»¹¿ÉÄÜ¡£find fault with ÅúÆÀ£¬ÌôÌÞ¡£creationism Éϵ۴´ÊÀ˵¡£long for ¿ÊÍû¡£utopia ÎÚÍаÀíÏëÖ÷Òå¡£epithet ±íÊö¡£lump together °Ñ¡­¹é²¢ÔÚÒ»Æð¡£have ¡­ in common ¹²Í¬µãÊÇ¡­¡£

1. The example of Galileo¡¯s 17th-century trial is used to show ___________.

  A. the hostile attitude of the humanities towards science 
  B. the confusion between science and other aspects of culture
  C. the conspicuous advantage of science over anti-science
  D. the harmonious relationship of science with the humanities

2. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs of the text?

  A. The author sympathizes with scientists in a reasonable way.
  B. The decline of science¡¯s power is attributed to reduction in funding for science.
  C. The development of science contributes to its struggle against humanities.
  D. The division of science and the humanities has considerably grown until recently.

3. Which of the following is true according to the text?

  A. The ¡°more enlightened¡± tend to tag others as anti-science.
  B. Politicians and certain authorities are subject to the labeling of anti-science.
  C. Environmentalists were not blamed at all for anti-science in an essay.
  D. Sagan does not criticize those who advocate theories contrary to science.

4. The last paragraph suggests that __________________.

  A. some observers are afraid of being accused of anti-science
  B. Gerald Holton tags many different views he doesn¡¯t agree with as anti-science
  C. anything that offends the ¡°more enlightened¡± is now in danger of being listed in ¡°anti-science¡±
  D. the ¡°more enlightened¡± think that the term ¡°anti-science¡± involves many wrong attitudes towards science
  
5. The author¡¯s attitude toward the issue of ¡°science vs. anti-science¡± is ___________________.

  A. detached              B. subjective           C. biased           D. puzzling

II. Writing: (Ìá¸ÙÂþ»­Ê½×÷ÎÄ)

Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of 160--200 words within 30--35 minutes. Your essay must meet the requirements below.

    1. Show your understanding of the meaning of the picture below
    2. State the harmful effects of fake and inferior products
    3. Suggest ways to fight against fake and inferior products

¼ÙðαÁÓ²úÆ·
             
     ÕýÈçËù¸øµÄͼ»­ËùÃè»æµÄ, ÎÒ¹úÉç»áÖ÷ÒåÊг¡¾­¼ÃÕýÔÚѸËÙ·¢Õ¹, ¾ÍÏñÒ»Á¾¸ßËÙÐÐÊ»µÄ¿¨³µ¡£µ«Êǹ«ÖÚ¾ªÑȵط¢ÏÖ, Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¼ÙðαÁÓ²úÆ·ÑÏÖصØ×è°­ÁËÎÒ¹úÊг¡¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£Ïû·ÑÕß±ØÐë¾­³£½÷É÷µØÈ¥¹ºÂòËûÃÇËùÐèµÄ»õÎï»ò·þÎñ, ·ñÔòËûÃÇ»áÂäÈë²»·¨ÖƼÙÈËËùÉèµÄÏÝÚå¡£

     ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ, ¼ÙðαÁÓ²úÆ·¼«ÆäÓк¦¡£Ê×ÏÈ, ËüÃÇΣº¦ÈËÃñµÄ½¡¿µ, Òý·¢ÁËÐí¶àÉ˺¦Ê¹Ê¡£ÀýÈ磬αÁÓÒ©Æ·²»½öʹ²¡È˵IJ¡Çé¶ñ»¯, ¶øÇÒÍùÍù»áÍþв²¡È˵ÄÉúÃü, ¸üÔãµÄÊÇ, µ¼Ö²¡È˵ÄËÀÍö¡£Æä´Î, ¼ÙðαÁÓ²úƷͨ³£Á®¼Û³öÊÛ¡£ÔÚÐí¶àÇé¿öÏÂ, ËüÃÇÓÖ¸ÉÈÅÁËÎÒ¹úÕý³£µÄ¾­¼ÃÖÈÐò, Ó°ÏìÁËÐí¶à¸ßÖÊÁ¿²úÆ·µÄÏú·¡£ÕâÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏ×è°­ÁËÎÒ¹úÉç»áÖ÷ÒåÊг¡¾­¼ÃµÄ½¡¿µ·¢Õ¹, ²¢Ëðº¦ÁËÎÒÃǹú¼ÒµÄÀûÒæ¡£ Òò´Ë, ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ˵, ¼ÙðαÁÓ²úÆ·ÊÇÎÒÃǽ¡¿µ¾­¼ÃÖеÄÒ»¿Å¡°¶¾Áö¡±, ¶Ô´Ë±ØÐ뾡¿ìÇå³ý¡£

     ÒÀÎÒ¿´, ±ØÐë²ÉÈ¡Èô¸ÉÓÐÁ¦´ëÊ©À´Óë¼ÙðαÁÓ²úÆ·¶·Õù¡£Ò»·½Ãæ, ÖƼÙÕßÓ¦¸ÃÒÀ·¨ÑϳÍ¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ãæ, Ïû·ÑÕßÓ¦¸Ãѧ»áʶ±ðÕæ¼Ù¡£Ö»ÓÐÕâÑù, Ïû·ÑÕß²ÅÄÜά»¤ËûÃǵĺϷ¨È¨Òæ¡£

    As the picture given depicts, the socialist market-oriented economy in our country is developing rapidly, just like a truck running at a high speed. But the general public is surprised to find that there are more and more fake and inferior products seriously hampering the expansion of our market economy. Consumers have to be very careful in purchasing goods and services they need; otherwise they will fall into the traps set by the illegal manufacturers.

    There is no doubt that fake and inferior products are extremely harmful. In the first place, they endanger people¡¯s health, giving rise to a lot of injury accidents. For instance, inferior-quality medicines not only aggravate a patient¡¯s condition, but also tend to threaten his life and, what¡¯s worse, to result in his death. Secondly, fake and inferior products are usually sold on the cheap. In many cases they interfere with the normal economic order in our country, affecting the marketing of many high-quality goods. This, in a great degree, hinders the development of our socialist market economy and harms the interests of our state. Therefore, we can say that fake and inferior products are a dangerous ¡°tumor¡± in our healthy economy, which must be cut away as soon as possible.

    In my opinion, several strong measures should be adopted to fight against fake and inferior products. On the one hand, those who make them deserve to be severely punished by the law. On the other hand, consumers should learn to discern between true and false. Only in this way can they defend their own legal rights and interests. (263 words)

±³¼ÇÖصã´ÊÓﺺӢ¶ÔÕÕ£º
1. ×è°­£¬·Á°­£ºhamper, hinder, obstruct£¬interfere with¡£
2. ÒýÆð£¬Ôì³É£ºgive rise to; cause¡£
3. ʹ²¡Çé¼ÓÖØ£ºaggravate a patient¡¯s condition¡£
4. СÐĽ÷É÷×öijÊ£ºbe careful in doing sth.¡£
5. Á®¼Û³öÊÛijÎsell sth. on the cheap¡£
6. ¸ÉÈÅijÈË£ºinterfere with sb.¡£
7. Ëðº¦ÎÒÃǵĹú¼ÒÀûÒ棺harm the interests of our state¡£8. ±æ±ðÕæα£ºdiscern between true and false¡£ 
9. ά»¤Ä³È˵ĺϷ¨È¨Ò棺defend one¡¯s legal rights and interests¡£

Put the following sentences from Chinese into English:

1. ÎÒÃÇÇ°½øʱÊܵ½¶ñÁÓÌìÆøµÄ×è°­¡£[ALD]
2. Õâ´Î½»Í¨Ê¹ÊÔì³ÉÁËËûÍ·²¿ºÍË«±ÛµÄÖØÉË¡£
3. ÎÞÂÛʲôʱºòÎÒÃǶ¼²»Ó¦¸Ã×öÈκÎË𺦹ú¼ÒÀûÒæµÄÊ¡£
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    ¼¸ºõûÓÐÈË»áÕùÒé·´¿ÆѧÕâ¸ö´ÊÊʺÏÓÚ·´Ô­×Óµ¯ÍÅÌåµÄÈËÊ¿£¬ËûÃÇ1995Äê·¢±íµÄÐûÑÔÃïÊÓ¿Æѧ²¢¿ÊÍû»Øµ½¼¼ÊõÊÀ½çÒÔÇ°µÄÎÚÍаîʱ´úÈ¥¡£µ«Êǿ϶¨ÓëÈ¥ÄêÎåÔ¡°ÃÀ¹úÐÂÎźÍÊÀ½ç±¨µ¼¡±ÖÐһƪÎÄÕÂËƺõÈÏΪµÄ²»Ò»Ñù£¬ÄDz¢²»ÊÇ˵£¬¹Ø×¢¹¤ÒµÎÞ½ÚÖÆ·¢Õ¹µÄ»·¾³×¨¼ÒÊÇ·´¿ÆѧµÄ¡£

    ²»¿É±ÜÃâµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâЩ»·¾³×¨¼Ò¶ÔÕâÑùµÄÅúÆÀÕßÒª×ö³ö·´Ó¦¡£»·¾³Ñо¿µÄ¿ªÍØÕßStanford´óѧµÄPaul EhrlichÂÛ֤˵£¬¿ÆѧµÄÕæÕýµÐÈËÊÇÕâÑùһЩÈË£¬ËûÃDz»ÏàÐÅ֤ʵȫÇò±äů¡¢³ôÑõ²ãÊܵ½ÆÆ»µºÍ¹¤Òµ·¢Õ¹µÄÆäËüºó¹ûµÄÖ¤¾Ý¡£

    ȷʵ£¬ÓÐЩ¹Û²ì¼Òµ£ÐÄ£¬·´¿ÆѧµÄ±íÊöÕý´¦ÓÚʧȥÒâÒåµÄΣÏÕÖС£¹þ·ð´óѧÕÜѧ¼ÒGerald HoltonÔÚËû1993ÄêµÄÖø×÷<¿ÆѧÓë·´¿Æѧ>ÖÐÖ¸³ö£¬¡°<·´¿Æѧ>Õâ¸ö´Ê¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÐíÐí¶à¶àÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄÊÂÇéÂÞÁÐÔÚÒ»Æ𡣡±¡°ÕâЩÊÂÇéÖ»ÓÐÒ»µãÏàͬ£¬¼´ËüÃÇÍùÍù¼¤Å­»òÍþвÄÇЩ×ÔÈÏΪ¸ü¿ªÃ÷µÄÈË¡£¡±

ÈËÉúÓ¢Óï ¨C No pains, no gains.

    -- Is Chiqui off practicing again?

    -- Yes, that¡¯s all she does. She¡¯s up at four in the morning, and by five she¡¯s already at the ice rink(Áï±ù³¡). She puts in two full hours of practice before going to school. Then after school, she practices for another three hours with her partner(´îµ²).

    -- That¡¯s a crushing(Á˲»ÆðµÄ) routine. How does she do it?

    -- No pains, no gains. She wants to be a champion ice skater, so she¡¯s working hard to perfect her technique and skills. At this rate she¡¯ll make it by the time she¡¯s out of high school. Maybe even sooner. She is one determined young lady. She knows that without great effort and discipline she¡¯ll never achieve her goal.

ÔĶÁÐÀÉÍ Ê±ÉÐÓ¢Óï ¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ

    Art Attack  For one week in early April, Singapore¡¯s hotels, shopping centers, and public spaces ¨C mot to mention art galleries ¨C will be taken over by the annual Art Singapore Contemporary Asian Art Fair.

    Running from April 8 ¨C 12, 40 art spaces will open their doors to galleries from around Asia, showing works ranging from paintings and sculptures to ceramics and installations by some of the biggest names in the region, including Fang Lijun (China), Srihadi Soedarsono(Indonesia), and Tatsu Okamoto(Japan). According to events director Marjorie Chu, the busy hub of Singapore is an ideal and sophisticated destination for art collectors and admirers to gather.

ÒÕÊõ³å»÷  4Ô³õµÄÒ»¸öÀñ°Ý£¬Ð¼ÓƵľƵê¡¢¹ºÎïÖÐÐÄ¡¢¹«¹²³¡Ëù£¬¸ü²»ÒªËµ¸÷¸öÒÕÊõ¹Ý¶¼½«Ó­À´Ò»ÄêÒ»¶ÈµÄмÓƵ±´úÑÇÖÞÒÕÊõÕ¹ÀÀ»á¡£

    ´Ó4ÔÂ8ÈÕµ½12ÈÕ£¬½ü40¸öÒÕÊõ³¡¹Ý½«¶ÔÀ´×ÔÑÇÖÞµÄÒÕÊõ×÷Æ·³¨¿ª´óÃÅ£¬Õ¹Ê¾´Ó»æ»­¡¢µñËܵ½ÌÕÒÕ¡¢×°ÖõÈÒÕÊõ×÷Æ·¡£ÕâЩÒÕÊõ×÷Æ·¾ùÀ´×ԸõØÇøµÄÒÕÊõ´óʦ£¬°üÀ¨ÖйúµÄ·½Á¦¾ù£¬Ó¡¶ÈÄáÎ÷ÑǵÄSrihadi SoedarsonoÒÔ¼°ÈÕ±¾µÄTatsu Okamoto¡£ÕýÈç´Ë´Î»î¶¯µÄ×ܼàMarjorie ChuËù˵£¬·±»ªÈÈÄÖµÄмÓƽ«³ÉΪÒÕÊõÊղؼҺͼøÉͼÒÔƼ¯µÄÀíÏ볡Ëù¡£

Vertu  Speaking of Luxury  Vertu, the first luxury communications company., presents their exclusive handcrafted mobile phones from the Vertu Signature Collection. Available in a range of precious metals such as 18-carat gold and platinum, the newest additions include reflective stainless steel and Bordeaux stainless steel. The perfect combination of both form and function, Vertu owners get more than unparalleled communication.

    With the Vertu Concierge service, Vertu¡¯s exclusive service continues after sales. Just by pushing a button on the phone, users can contact a concierge that provides exclusive benefits and insider advantages from a network of experts in airlines, hotels, restaurants, and much more, 24 hours a day.

Vertu »°ËµÉÝ»ª  Vertu, È«Çò¶¥¼¶Í¨Ñ¶²úÆ·ÖÆÔìÉÌ£¬ÒÔÆäÖøÃûµÄVertu Signature CollectionÊÖ¹¤ÒÕÊÖ»úÖø³ÆÓÚÊÀ¡£ÏµÁвúÆ·È«²¿ÒÔ¹óÖؽðÊôÖƳÉ£¬°üÀ¨18k»Æ½ðºÍ°×½ð£¬×îÐÂÍƳöµÄ²úÆ·»¹Óз´¹â²»Ðâ¸ÖºÍË«É«²»Ðâ¸Ö¡£ÍâÐκ͹¦ÄÜÍêÃÀ½áºÏ£¬VertuÓµÓÐÕß»¹¿ÉÏíÊÜÎÞÓëÂ۱ȵıã½ÝͨѶ¡£

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