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¡¡¡¡Section I Use of English

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¡¡¡¡10¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] eventually ¡¾ÊÔÌ⿼µã¡¿´ÊÒå±æÎö

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¡¡¡¡11¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A. surprised

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¿Õ¸ñËùÔÚ¾äÌáµ½£ºIf you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be surprised how quickly spotting a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings(Èç¹ûÄã֮ǰȥ¹ýÕâ¸öµØ·½£¬Ò»¶¨Òª×¢ÒâÊìϤµÄ¾°Ïó£¬Äã»òÐí»á____¿ìËÙʶ±ð³öÒ»¿éÌØÕ÷Ã÷ÏÔµÄÑÒʯ»òÊ÷ľÄÜ°ïÖúÄã»Ö¸´¼ÇÒä)¡£´Ë¾äÃ÷ÏÔÌåÏÖÁË»ý¼«°ýÒåµÄ¸ÐÇéÉ«²Ê£¬¸ù¾ÝÕâ¸öÏßË÷£¬¿ÉÖ±½ÓÈ·¶¨AÑ¡ÏîsurprisedΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸£¬¼´£ºÄã»òÐí»á¸Ðµ½¾ªÑÈ¡£¡£¡£¡£

¡¡¡¡12¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B. option

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¡¡¡¡13¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿D. For example

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¡¡¡¡14¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C. spot

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ÃÌâÐè½áºÏµÚ13ÌâÀ´Ñ¡Ôñ¡£±¾Ìâ¿Õ¸ñËùÔÚ¾äÊǶÔÇ°Ãæ¾ä×ÓµÄÀýÖ¤£¬¹ÊÖ÷ÌâÒ»Ö£¬Òò´Ë¿Õ¸ñ´¦ÐèÌîÈëµÄ¶¯´ÊÐèºÍlook forÓïÒåÏà½ü£¬¹ÊÑ¡Ôñspot(ʶ±ð£¬·¢ÏÖ)¡£

¡¡¡¡15¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B. through

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¿Õ¸ñ´¦ÐèÌîÈë½é´ÊÀ´ºÍÇ°ÃæµÄ¶¯´Êcarve¼°ºóÃæµÄÃû´Êwoods¹¹³É˳³©µÄÓïÒå´îÅä¡£Carve____woods:ÔÚÉ­ÁÖÖпª±ÙµÀ·, BÑ¡Ïî throughÓ÷¨×îÇ¡µ±£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£

¡¡¡¡16¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] breaks ¡¾ÊÔÌ⿼µã¡¿ÉÏÏÂÎÄÓïÒåÏνÓ+´ÊÒå±æÎö

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿±¾Ìâ¿ÕÇ°ÓÐÒ»¸öָʾ´ú´Êthese£¬Í¨¹ýÓïÒ壬“these 16 ” Ö¸´úÉÏÎĵēroads, train tracks, and other paths”£¬²¢Óɶ¨Óï´Ó¾ä“people carve through the woods”(ÈËÃÇÔÚÉ­ÁÖÖпª±ÙµÄ……)ÐÞÊΡ£´ÓÓïÒåÉÏÀ´¿´£¬breaks×îºÏÊÊ¡£

¡¡¡¡17¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[A] artificial ¡¾ÊÔÌ⿼µã¡¿ÉÏÏÂÎÄÓïÒåÏνÓ+´ÊÒå±æÎö

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ ±¾¿ÕËù´¦µÄ¾ä×Ó“scan … for 17 light sources”, Óë±¾¶Î¿ªÍ· “look for sign of human habitation ”½á¹¹Ò»Ö£¬ÓïÒåÏà¹Ø£¬¿Õ¸ñ´¦ËùÌîÐÎÈݴʺÍhumanÒâ˼Ïà½ü£¬Ñ¡Ôñartificial “ÈËÔìµÄ”¡£³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬17Ìâ ºóÃæ“such as fires and streetlights,”ËùÁоٵÄÁ½ÖÖ¹âÔ´µÄ¹²Í¬Ìصã¾ÍÊÇartificial¡£

¡¡¡¡18¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] Finally ¡¾ÊÔÌ⿼µã¡¿ÉÏÏÂÎÄÂß¼­

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ ±¾¿ÕλÓÚ¶ÎÊ×£¬²¢ÓɶººÅ¸ô¿ª£¬ËùÒÔ¿¼²ìÉÏ϶ÎÂäÂß¼­¡£¿ÕºóΪÌõ¼þ×´Óï´Ó¾ä“assuming you ”£¬ÓëÉÏÎĵēIf you”¹¹³É˳½ÓµÝ½ø¹Øϵ£¬Ñ¡ÏîÖУ¬Ö»ÓÃfinally±í˳½Ó¡£

¡¡¡¡19¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[B] marks ¡¾ÊÔÌ⿼µã¡¿ÉÏÏÂÎÄÓïÒå+´ÊÒå±æÎö

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¿ÕºóµÄ¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä“we leave on the landscape”£¬ÓÉÓïÒåµÃÖª´Ë´¦Ó¦¸ÃÌê¼Ç”£¬ËùÒÔÑ¡marks¡£

¡¡¡¡20¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[C] lead ¡¾ÊÔÌ⿼µã¡¿ÉÏÏÂÎÄÓïÒå+¶¯´Ê±æÎö

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿±¾¿ÕÖ÷Òª¿¼²ìÓïÒå´îÅ䣬ËùÌ´ÊÐèÒªÓëÖ÷Óï “tire blazes, tire tracks and other fearures”(ÂÖÌ¥£¬ÂÖÌ¥ºÛ¼£ºÍÆäËû±ê¼Ç)£¬±öÓïyou£¬ÒÔ¼°²»¶¨Ê½ to civilization(ÎÄÃ÷)Ö®¼ä¹¹³ÉÍêÕûÓïÒ壬ËùÒÔ´Ë´¦Ìîlead“Òýµ¼”×îºÏÊÊ¡£

¡¡¡¡Section II Reading Comprehension

¡¡¡¡Part A

¡¡¡¡Text 1

¡¡¡¡21¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A enhance banks’ sense of responsibility

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵Äϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê“paragraph 1”ºÍ“one motive in imposing the new rule”»ØÎĶ¨Î»ÔÚµÚÒ»¶ÎµÚÈý¾ä“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.”(Õâ¸ö¹æÔòÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊÇÈÃÒøÐмÒΪ²»Á¼·çÏÕ¸ºÔðÒÔ¼°ÐÞ¸´¹«ÖÚ¶Ô½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹µÄÐÅÈÎ)£¬¶Ô±ÈËù¸øËĸöÑ¡ÏֻÓÐAÏî enhance banks’ sense of responsibility (Ôö¼ÓÒøÐеÄÔðÈθÐ)ÓëÔ­ÎıíÊöÒ»Ö£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£BÏî“help corporations achieve profits”(°ïÖú¹«Ë¾»ñµÃÀûÈó)ÒÔ¼°CÏî“build a new system of financial regulation”(½¨Á¢ÐµĽðÈÚ¼à¹ÜÌåϵ)ÔÚÔ­ÎÄÖв¢Î´Ìá¼°¡£DÏî“guarantee the bonuses of top executives”(±£Ö¤¸ß¹ÜµÄ½±½ð)ÓëÔ­ÎÄ“…any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years…”(¸ß¹ÜµÄÈκÎÓб£Ö¤µÄ½±½ð»á±»ÑÓ³Ù10Äê)±íÊöÏà·´£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£

¡¡¡¡22¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿D “short-termism” in economic activities

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеēAlfred Marshall”»ØÎĶ¨Î»ÔÚµÚ¶þ¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like….”£¬ÆäÖеēthis financial impatience”Ö¸ÉÏÎÄÌáµ½µÄ“short-termism”£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇAlfred MarshallÃèÊö“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Ò唵ÄÐÐΪ¾ÍÏñ……£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª£¬DÏî“short-termism” in economic activities(¾­¼Ã»î¶¯Öеē¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”) ΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£ÆäËûÑ¡ÏîÔÚÔ­ÎÄÖоùδÌá¼°£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£

¡¡¡¡23¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B adverse

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê“Transient investment”¶¨Î»µÚÈý¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾ä£¬“Transient investors, ... can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”(¶ÌÔÝͶ×Ê»á¶Ô¹«Ë¾µÄ³¤Æڹ滮Éè×裬²¢Ó°Ïì¿Í»§µÄÖҳ϶È¡£)AÏî indirect (¼ä½ÓµÄ)£¬Ô­ÎÄδÌá¼°£¬Åųý; BÏîadverse (²»ÀûµÄ) ¶ÔÓ¦Ô­ÎÄ“hinder”£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·Ñ¡Ïî;CÏîminimal (×îСµÄ)ºÍ DÏî temporary(ÔÝʱµÄ)Ô­ÎÄδÌá¼°£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£

¡¡¡¡24¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C the approaches to promoting “Long-termism”

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¶¨Î»µ½µÚÎå¡¢Áù¶Î£¬µÚÎå¶ÎΪÃÀ¹úµÄÀý×Ó£¬µÚÁù¶ÎΪ·¨¹úµÄÀý×Ó£¬(µÚÎå¶ÎÖÐÃÀ¹úÑÓ³Ù·¢·Å²ÅÉÏÈÎÒ»Äê×óÓҵĸ߹ܼ¨Ð§½òÌù£¬¼Ì¶ø´Ù½ø»º½â“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ê¢ÐеÄÏÖ×´;µÚÁù¶ÎÔÚ·¨¹ú³Ö¹ÉÁ½ÄêÒÔÉÏÕßÓµÓиü´óµÄѡƱȨ¡£)µÚÁù¶ÎÊ×¾ä³ÐÇ°Æôºó½²µ½“Much more could be done to encourage ‘long-termism’”´Ù½ø“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”»¹Óкܶà×ö·¨¡£A ÏîThe obstacles to preventing “short-termism”(Ô¤·À“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Ò唵Ä×è°­)£¬ÎÞÖÐÉúÓУ¬¹ÊÅųý; BÏî The significance of long-termism thinking(“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”˼άµÄÒâÒå)£¬ÎÞÖÐÉúÓУ¬¹ÊÅųý;CÏîThe approaches to promoting “Long-termism”(´Ù½ø“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Ò唵ķ½·¨)£¬ÓëÔ­ÎÄÒ»Ö£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·Ñ¡Ïî; [D] The prevalence of short-termism thinking (“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”˼άµÄÊ¢ÐÐ)ΪµÚËĶÎÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓëÌâ¸ÉÎ޹أ¬¹ÊÅųý¡£

¡¡¡¡25.¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B Patience as a Corporate Virtue

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Êbest title¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵ÄÖ÷Ö¼´óÒâÌâ¡£×ݹÛÈ«ÎÄ£¬ÎÄÕÂΧÈÆÎ÷·½¹ú¼ÒµÄ½ðÈÚÐÐÒµµÄ“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ʺ͓³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊÕ¹¿ª¡£µÚÒ»¶ÎÓɽðÈÚ¹ÜÀíÕßÖƶ¨µÄÒ»ÏîÏÞÖƸ߹ܽòÌù´ëÊ©Òý³öÈ«ÎÄÖÐÐÄ»°Ì⣬´Ù½ø½ðÈÚͶ×ʵē³¤ÆÚÖ÷Ò唹滮;µÚ¶þ¶Î½éÉÜÁËÄ¿Ç°Ó¢¹úÒøÐи߹ÜÖГ¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊÕ¼Ö÷Á÷;µÚÈý¶ÎÖ¸³ö“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ʵı׶Ë£¬µÚËĶÎÖ÷Òª½éÉÜÃÀ¹úÏֽ׶ÎÈÔȻͨ¹ý¼¼ÊõÊÖ¶ÎʹµÃ“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊÓú·¢Ê¢ÐÐ;ÎåÁù¶Î¾ÙÀýµãÃ÷ÃÀ·¨Á½¹úΪ´Ù½ø“¶ÌÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×ÊËù²ÉÈ¡µÄ´ëÊ©;ÎÄÕÂβ¶ËÔٴκôÓ¦Ê׶Σ¬µãÃ÷Ó¢¹úÐÂÕþÌáÐÑÒøÐмÒÃÇ×¢ÖØ“³¤ÆÚÖ÷Òå”Ͷ×Ê¡£BÑ¡ÏîÖеÄPatience¶ÔÓ¦ÎÄÕÂÖз´¸´³öÏÖµÄÖ÷Ìâ´Êshort-termisim ºÍlong-termisim, Corporate±¾ÉíÔÚÎÄÕÂÖоͶà´Î³öÏÖ£¬Òò´ËΪ×î¼Ñ±êÌâ¡£ÆäÓàÑ¡ÏîA. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism (¼¾¶È×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåµÄʧ°Ü), C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives (¸ß¹ÜÐèÒªµÄ¾ö¶ÏÁ¦) D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers(ðÏÕÒøÐмҵĴì°Ü¸Ð)¾ù²»ÄܸÅÀ¨È«ÎÄ£¬¹ÊÅųý.

¡¡¡¡Text 2

¡¡¡¡26¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿D The influence of consumer culture.

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÐÅÏ¢´Ê¶¨Î»µ½Ê׶εÚÒ»¾ä£¬¾ä×ÓÖ÷¸É“Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education”¼´¸ßУ³É¼¨ÅòÕÍÎÊÌâͨ³£±»ÈÏΪÊÇÏû·ÑÕßÖÁÉÏʱ´úµÄ²úÎѡÏîThe influence of consumer culture. “Ïû·ÑÕßÖÁÉÏÎÄ»¯µÄÓ°Ïì”ÕýÊǸþäÔ­ÒòµÄͬÒå±í´ï¡£¹ÊDÑ¡ÏîÕýÈ·¡£

¡¡¡¡27¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A To help freshmen adapt to college learning

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÒªÇó¶¨Î»µ½µÚÈý¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾ä¡£¸Ã¾äÖеÄthis practice¶ÔÓ¦Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄgrade forgiveness£¬first started¶ÔÓ¦Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄoriginal£¬¶ø²»¶¨Ê½¶ÌÓïto give them(freshmen)a second chance...if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses(Èç¹û´óÒ»ÐÂÉúÔÚ¶¼Ïò´óѧ¿Î³ÌµÄ¹ý¶ÉÖÐÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ»°ÔÚ¸øËûÃÇÒ»´Î»ú»á......)ΪĿµÄ£¬¶ÔÓ¦Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄpurpose£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·´ð°¸Ó¦Îª[A]Ñ¡ÏîTo help freshmen adapt to college learning(°ïÖú´óÒ»ÐÂÉúÊÊÓ¦´óѧѧϰ)¡£

¡¡¡¡28.¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A obtain more financial support

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ï¸½ÚÌâ×öÌâµÄ¼¼ÇÉÊǓ׼ȷ¶¨Î»ºÍÆ¥Å䔡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê “paragrph 5”,ÒÔ¼°“grade forgiveness”ºÍ“colleges”¶¨Î»µ½µÚÎå¶ÎµÚÒ»¾ä»°¡£Í¨¹ýµÚÒ»¾ä»°¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬“grade forgiveness”Âú×ãÁË´óѧ×Ô¼ºµÄÐèÒª£¬¶ø¾ßÌåµÄÐèÒªÔÚµÚ¶þ¾äÖÐÌåÏÖ£¬Òò´Ë±¾ÌâÕæÕýµÄ´ð°¸³ö×ÔÓÚµÚ¶þ¾ä¼´“For public institution…”¡£µÚ¶þ¾ä»°µÄÒâ˼ÊÇ“¶ÔÓÚ´óѧÀ´½²£¬¹ú¼ÒµÄ»ù½ðÓÐʱºòÊǸúһЩÒòËØÓйصÄ£¬±ÈÈç±ÏÒµÂʺÍѧÉúÔÚѧÂÊ£¬Òò´ËºÃµÄ·ÖÊýÒâζ×ÅÇ®¡£Ìâ¸ÉÖÐÎÊÌâʹ“grade forgiveness”ʹ´óѧÄܹ»…,¶ø¸ù¾Ý±¾¶ÎµÄµÚ¶þ¾ä»°£¬¿ÉÖª “grade forgiveness”ʹ´óѧÄܹ»»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄ¹ú¼ÒµÄ»ù½ð£¬ÕâÓëAÑ¡Ïî“»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄ¾­¼ÃÖ§³Ö”Æ¥Å䣬Òò´ËÕýÈ·´ð°¸Ñ¡A¡£

¡¡¡¡29¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C To be identical with each other.

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâÄ¿¶¨Î»µ½µÚ6¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä£ºOn this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.½â¾ö±¾ÌâµÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇthisÖ¸´úµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬¸ù¾ÝÉÏÎÄSince students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. ¼´“ÓÉÓÚѧÉúºÍ¼Ò³¤¶¼Ï£Íûͨ¹ý´óѧѧÀúÕÒ¹¤×÷£¬Òò´Ë·ûºÏѧУ×î¼ÑÀûÒæµÄ±ãÊǾ¡¿ÉÄܵØÖ¤Ã÷ѧÉúµÄÄÜÁ¦——»òÕß˵ÖÁÉÙ¿´ÆðÀ´Èç´Ë”¡£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª£¬Ñ§ÉúºÍѧУÓÐ׏²Í¬µÄÀûÒæÄ¿±ê£¬ËùÒÔÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÎªC£¬Ñ§ÉúºÍѧУµÄ³«ÒéÊÇһֵġ£

¡¡¡¡30¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B analyzing the causes behind it.

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É£¬±íÃæÉÏÎÊ×÷Õßͨ¹ýʲôÂÛÊö·½Ê½À´Ì½ÌÖgrade forgivenessµÄʵ¼ù²Ù×÷£¬ÆäʵÊÇ¿¼È«ÎĵÄÖ÷ּд×÷ÊÖ·¨£¬ÊôÓÚÖ÷Ö¼´óÒâÌâ¡£·½·¨¼´ÊÇ´®¶Áÿ¶Î¶ÎÂä´óÒâ¾ä£¬°ÑÎÕ×÷ÕßµÄÂÛÊö½Ç¶È¡£ÓÈÆ䣬ÔÚµÚÒ»¶ÎµÚÒ»¾ä Grade inflation-…. - is often considered a product of a consumer era…. ÒÔ¼°µÚ¶þ¾ä But another, related force -…… ̸¼°µÄ¶¼ÊDZ³ºóµÄÔ­Òò¡£µÚÎå¶Î£¬µÚÒ»¾ä That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges' own needs as well. Ò²ÊÇÍ»³öÁËgrade forgiveness Äܹ»Âú×ã´óѧ×ÔÉíµÄÐèÇó£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇ·ÖÎöÁËgrade forgivenessµÄÔ­Òò¡£ËùÒÔ£¬¸ÃÌâ´ð°¸ÊÇBÏanalyzing the causes behind it.

¡¡¡¡Text 3

¡¡¡¡31¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ [C] involves some concerns raised by AI today

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ÓÉÌâ¸É±íÊö¿ÉÅжϱ¾ÌâΪµäÐ͵Ĺ۵ãÀýÖ¤Ì⣬ËùÖ¤¹Ûµã¾ÍÔÚÀý֤ǰºó£¬¸ÃÀý×Ó³öÏÖÔÚƪÊ×£¬Òý³öÖ÷ÌâÔÚºó¡£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª±¾Ìⶨλ¾äΪµÚÒ»¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä»°¡£ÓëÑ¡Ïî±È¶Ô¿ÉÖª£¬CÏîΪ“... that would ... to come”²¿·ÖµÄͬÒåתÊö£¬¹ÊΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£ÆäÖУ¬involves¶ÔÓ¦foreshadow£¬some concerns¶ÔÓ¦many ethical questions£¬Ê£Óಿ·Ö¶ÔӦѡÏîÖеÄraised by AI today¡£ÆäÓàÑ¡ÏîÔÚÔ­ÎľùÎÞÒÀ¾Ý£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£

¡¡¡¡32¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] is too limited for us to reproduce it

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¹Ûµãϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеÄDavid Eagleman¶¨Î»µ½ÎÄÖеÚËĶεÚÒ»¾ä£¬¸Ã¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾äthere are no good theoriesÓëÌâ¸ÉÖеÄknowledgeÊôÓڵȼ۴ú»»£¬¸Ã¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾äÖеÄconsciousnessÓëÌâ¸ÉÖеÄconsciousness¶ÔÓ¦£¬µÚÒ»¾ä±íÃ÷¹âÈËÃÇÈçºÎ˼¿¼¾Í¸´ÔÓµ½ÄÑÒÔÀí½âµÄ³Ì¶È¸ü²»ÓÃ˵Ҫ¸´ÖÆËüÁË£¬µÚ¶þ¾ä±íÃ÷ÎÒÃÇûÓнâÊÍʲôÊÇconsciousnessµÄÀíÂÛ£¬ÓëÑ¡ÏîDÎǺÏ¡£Ìâ¸Éour current knowledge of consciousness ¼°Ñ¡Ïîis too limited for usÓ붨λ¾äÖеÄthere are no good theories explaining what consciousness actuallyÊôÓڵȼ۴ú»»£¬Ñ¡Ïîreproduce itÓ붨λ¾äÖÐreproducedÊôµÈ¼Û´ú»»¡£Ñ¡ÏîA¡¢Ñ¡ÏîB¼°Ñ¡ÏîC»ùÓÚÎÄÖгöÏÖµÄartificial intelligence¡¢robot¼°sci-fi TV series´íÎóÒýÉê¡£

¡¡¡¡33¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ [B] is still beyond our capacity.

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ï¸½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеÄautonomous vehicles¶¨Î»µ½µÚÎå¶ÎµÚ¶þ¾ä¡£¸Ã¾ä³öÏÖfor example£¬¿ÉÖªautonomous vehicleÊǾßÌåµÄÀý×Ó¡£ÆªÖеÄÀý×ÓÊÇΪÁËÖ¤Ã÷Â۵㣬ӦÍùÇ°¿´£¬¼´Ö¤Ã÷µÚÒ»¾äµÄ¹Ûµã£ºÉæ¼°È˹¤ÖÇÄܵÄÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâÔÚÎÒÃÇÉí±ß(×¢ÒâÕâÀïdoesn’tºÍaren’tΪ˫ÖØ·ñ¶¨)£¬ËµÃ÷ÎÊÌâÒÀÈ»´æÔÚ¡£Ñ¡Ïî[B]ÓëÌâ¸É½áºÏº¬ÒåΪ£ºÕÒ³öÓÉ×Ô¶¯¼ÝÊ»³µ´øÀ´µÄÈ˹¤ÖÇÄÜÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâµÄ½â¾ö·½·¨³¬³öÁËÎÒÃǵÄÄÜÁ¦¡£ÓëÎÄÕº¬ÒåÒ»Ö¡£[A]Ñ¡Ïî¹ýÓÚ¾ø¶Ô£¬ÇÒ´ÓµÚÁù¶Î¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬²»Í¬¹ú¼Ò¡¢¹«Ë¾ÔÚÕÒ½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨¡£[C]Ñ¡ÏîºÍ[D]Ñ¡ÏîµÄpublic concernºÍcuriosityÕâЩÐÅÏ¢´ÊÔÚÔ­ÎÄÖÐδÉæ¼°£¬ÊôÎÞÖÐÉúÓС£

¡¡¡¡34¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[A] affirmation

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ì¬¶ÈÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÖеÄthe author’s attitude£¬Google’s pledges¡£»ØÎĶ¨Î»µ½µÚÆ߶Σ¬µÚ°Ë¶Î£¬µ«ÆäÆ߶ζ¼ÊÇÔÚ½²Google’s pledge£¬¼ÌÐø¿´µÚ°Ë¶Î£¬¿ªÍ·while£¬×ªÕÛ£¬while the statement is vague,ÓëvagueÏà·´µÄ¼´Êǹ۵㣬Õâ¸öµØ·½Ã»ÓÐ˵ÊÇË­µÄ¹Ûµã£¬ÎÞÈËÈÏÁìµÄ¹Ûµã¼´ÊÇ×÷ÕߵĹ۵ã¡£vagueÊÇÇé¸ÐÏòϵĴÊÓÏà·´·½ÏòÓ¦ÊÇÕýÏòÇé¸Ð¡£[B]skepticism[C]contempt ¶¼ÊǸºÏòÇé¸Ð£¬È«²¿Åųý¡£[D]respect£¬ËäÊÇÕýÏòÇé¸Ð£¬Æä³Ì¶ÈÌ«Éî¡£ËùÒÔÑ¡affirmation¡£

¡¡¡¡35¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿C The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ö÷Ö¼Ìâ¡£±¾ÎÄÊ׶Îͨ¹ýÒýÓÃMary ShelleyµÄÊéÒý³ö±¾ÎÄҪ̽ÌֵĻ°Ìâм¼ÊõËùÒý·¢µÄµÀµÂÎÊÌâ¡£µÚ¶þ¶Î¸üÊÇÃ÷È·Ö¸³öAIÒýÆðÁËһЩÎÊÌâ¡£µÚÈý¶ÎºÍµÚËĶζԵڶþ¶ÎÌá³öµÄÁ½¸öÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁËÏêϸµÄ²ûÊö£¬±íÃ÷ÎÒÃDz¢²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨ÖÇÄÜ»¯µÄ³Ì¶ÈÒÔ¼°ÒòΪËù´¦»·¾³µÄ¸´ÔÓÎÞ·¨¶¨ÒåÈËÀà×ÔÎÒÒâʶ¡£¶øÔÚµÚÎå¶ÎתÕÛÖ®ºóÃ÷È·Ö¸³öAIËùÉæ¼°µÄµÀµÂÎÊÌâÒѾ­´¥Êֿɼ°ÁË¡£È«Æª¸´ÏÖÁËAIºÍconscienceÕâÁ½¸ö¹Ø¼ü´Ê£¬Òò´ËÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÎªC£¬The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable¡£

¡¡¡¡Ñ¡ÏîAÖеÄTech GiantsÊÇÎÄÕÂûÓÐÌá¼°µÄ¸ÅÄî¡£¾¡¹ÜÎÄÕÂÒÔFrankensteinÕâ±¾ÊéΪÒý×Ó£¬µ«ÊÇÕâ±¾Ê鲢ûÓÐÔ¤²âAI£¬¶øÊÇAI¼¼ÊõÒý·¢µÄµÀµÂÎÊÌ⣬¹ÊÅųýÑ¡ÏîB¡£×÷ÕßÔÚ×îÓÐÒ»¶Î±íÃ÷Á˶ÔδÀ´»ý¼«µÄ̬¶È£¬AIµÄ·¢Õ¹²¢·Ç´úÌæÈËÀàµÄ×î¸ßÖǻۣ¬×îÖÕ»¹ÊÇ»áΪÈËÀàËùÓ㬹ÊÅųýÑ¡ÏîD£¬¸ÃÑ¡ÏîÖеÄAI shall be killers³ÊÏÖ¸ºÏò̬¶È¡£

¡¡¡¡Text 4

¡¡¡¡36¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[C] make more online shoppers pay sales tax

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵Äϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¹Ø¼ü´Ê”The Supreme Court Decision Thursday”¶¨Î»µ½Ê׶ÎÊ׾䣬States will be able to force more shoppers to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.Óɸþä¿ÉÖª£¬×î¸ß·¨ÔºµÄ²Ã¾ö¿ÉÒÔÈÃÖÝÕþ¸®È¥Ç¿ÖÆÏû·ÑÕßÔÚÍøÉϹºÎïʱҪÉϽÉÏúÊÛË°(Ӫҵ˰)£¬Ö±½ÓµÃ³öÑ¡Ïî[C] make more online shoppers pay sales tax£¬Èøü¶àÔÚÏß¹ºÎïÕßÖ§¸¶ÏúÊÛË°¡£

¡¡¡¡37¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] were considered unfavorable by states

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵ÄÍÆÀíÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¶¨Î»·¶Î§È·¶¨ÎªµÚ¶þ£¬Èý¶Î£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸Éϸ½Ú£º overruled decisionsÈ·¶¨¶¨Î»¾äΪµÚ¶þ¶ÎµÄµÚÒ»¾äÓëµÚ¶þ¾ä£¬µÚ¶þ¾äthat states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annuallyÖÝÕþ¸®±§Ô¹Ö®Ç°µÄÕþ²ßµ¼ÖÂÿÄêË°ÊÕËðʧ²ÒÖØ¡£µÚÈý¾äThe decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases£¬Ô­Õþ²ßÈÃÖÝÕþ¸®ºÜÄÑÊÕÈ¡ÍøÉϹºÎïµÄӪҵ˰¡£×ÛºÏÁ½¾äÇé¸ÐÉ«²Ê¶¼Îª¸ºÏò£¬¶ÔÖÝÕþ¸®²»Àû£¬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö´ð°¸[D] were considered unfavorable by states ÖÝÕþ¸®ÈÏΪԭÕþ²ß¶ÔÖݲ»Àû¡£

¡¡¡¡38¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] harmed fair market competition

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀµäÐ͵Ĺ۵ãϸ½ÚÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¶¨Î»Anthony Kennedy¶¨Î»ÔÚµÚËĶΣ¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸Éϸ½Úphysical presence ruleÈ·¶¨¶¨Î»¾äΪµÚËĶεĵڶþ¾äÓëµÚÈý¾ä¡£µÚ¶þ¾ä"Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States£¬ÊµÌåµê¹æ¶¨µ¼ÖÂÖÝÕþ¸®Ë°ÊÕ¿÷ËðÑÏÖØ£¬µÚÈý¾äthe rule "limited States' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.¸Ã¹æ¶¨ÏÞÖÆÁËÖÝÕþ¸®³Ö³¤ÆÚ·±ÈÙ£¬²¢·Á°­ÁËËùÓÐÊг¡²ÎÓëÕß¹«Æ½¾ºÕù£¬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö´ð°¸[D] harmed fair market competitionÆÆ»µÁ˹«Æ½Êг¡¾ºÕù ¡£

¡¡¡¡39¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[B] Big-chain owners

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀÍÆÀíÌâ¡£¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¶¨Î»·¶Î§È·¶¨ÎªµÚÎå¶Î£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸Éϸ½Ú£º more likely to welcome the Supreme Court rulingÈ·¶¨¶¨Î»¾äΪµÚÎå¶ÎµÄµÚÒ»¾ä£¬µÚÒ»¾äthe ruling is a victory for big chainsÕâÏî²Ã¾ö¶ÔÓÚ´óÐÍÁ¬Ëø¹«Ë¾À´ËµÊǸöʤÀû¡£´Ó¶øµÃ³ö´ð°¸[B] Big-chain owners ´óÐÍÁ¬Ëø¹«Ë¾¡£

¡¡¡¡40¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿[D] cites some cases related to it and analyses their implications

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸É¿ÉÖªÕâÊÇÒ»µÀÐÐÎļܹ¹Ì⣬¿¼²éѧÉú¶ÔÎÄÕ½ṹµÄ°ÑÎÕ¡£ÕûƪÎÄÕÂÊ׶ÎÖ±½ÓµãÃû×î¸ß·¨ÔºÍ¨¹ýеIJþö£¬Õ÷ÊÕÔÚÏßӪҵ˰¡£µÚ¶þ¶Î½éÉÜÔ­À´µÄÅоö¼°Æäºó¹û£¬²»ÀûÖÝÕþ¸®¡£µÚÈý¶ÎÃèÊöÔ­À´ÅоöÉæ¼°µ½µÄ°¸Àý¡£µÚËĶÎÁоٴ󷨹ٹ۵㣬ÒÔÇ°ÅоöÓÐ覴ᣠµÚÎå¶ÎÂÛÊöÐÂÅоöµÄÓ°Ï죺¶Ô´óÐÍÁ¬ËøµêÓÐÀû¡£µÚÁù¶Î̸¼°Ð²þö¶ÔÖÝÍâÂô¼ÒµÄÓ°Ïì¡£µÚÆ߶ÎÃ÷ȷвþöÊܵ½ÁãÊÛ½çµÄ¿Ï¶¨¡£¸ù¾Ý¸÷¶ÎÖ÷Ö¼¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö×÷ÕßµÄÐÐÎÄ˼·Ϊ£ºÊ׶ÎÏȽéÉÜÐÂÅоö£¬È»ºó¶þÈýËĶÎÁгöһЩÓë´ËÓйصݸÀý£¬ÎåÁùÆ߶ÎÂÛÆä¶ÔÐÐÒµÄÚ¸÷½çµÄÓ°Ïì¡£Óɴ˵óöÕýÈ·Ñ¡Ïî[D] cites some cases related to it and analyses their implications ÒýÓÃÏà¹Ø°¸Àý£¬²¢ÂÛÆäÓ°Ïì¡£

¡¡¡¡Part B

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¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¿ìËÙä¯ÀÀÑ¡ÏFºÍC¶ÎΪÒÑÖª¶Î¡£ÏÖÔÚҪȷ¶¨µÄÊÇʣϵĶÎÂäÄÄÒ»¶Î¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊ¶ÎÊס£G¶ÎÂ俪ͷΪthere is a better way…³öÏÖÒ»¸ö±È½Ï¼¶£¬ËµÃ÷ÊǺÍÇ°ÃæµÄÒ»¸ö·½·¨Ïà±È½Ï£¬Òò´Ë²»ÄÜ×ö¶ÎÊ×;A¶ÎÂäthese tools¿ªÍ·£¬³öÏÖ´ú´Ê£¬²»ÄÜ×éΪ¶ÎÊ×;B¶ÎÂämany discussions are not so successful£¬³öÏÖ´Ê»ãso£¬Îª´ú´Ê£¬Ö¸´úÉÏÃæ˵µÄsuccessful discussion£¬Òò´Ë²»ÄÜ×ö¾äÊ×;ÕâÑùֻʣDºÍE¶ÎÂ䣬D¶ÎÂ俪ͷCarnegie would be right if…£¬ÕâÀï³öÏÖÁ˶ÔÈËÎï¹Ûµã½øÐÐÕýÈ·Óë·ñµÄÅжÏ£¬ÅжÏÕýÈ·Óë·ñµÄÇ°ÌáÊÇÊ×ÏÈÒªÌáµ½´ËÈ˵ĴæÔÚÒÔ¼°Æä¹Ûµã¾ßÌåÊÇʲô£¬ËùÒÔD¶ÎÂä²»ÄÜΪ¶ÎÊ×£¬Òò´Ë´ËÌâ´ð°¸ÎªE¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬×ݹÛÈ«ÎÄ£¬±¾¶ÎÊÇÒÔCarnegieµÄ¹ÛµãΪΪÇÐÈ룬Ȼºóͨ¹ý·ÖÎöCarnegie¹Ûµã£¬¶ÔÓÐЧ±çÂÛ½øÐÐ̽ÌÖ¡£

¡¡¡¡42¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿D (Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights.....)

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿Ê׶ÎÌá¼°µ½CarnegieÒÔ¼°ËûÊéÖеĹ۵㣬¸ù¾ÝÈËÎïÏßË÷£¬±¾ÌâÓÅÏÈÑ¡Ôñ³öÏÖÈËÎ︴ÏֵĶÎÂ䣬ä¯ÀÀÊ£ÓàµÄ¶ÎÂä·¢ÏÖÖ»ÓÐÑ¡ÏîD³öÏÖÁËCarnegieÕâ¸öÈË¡£¶ÔÕâÁ½¸öÑ¡ÏîÉÔ¼Ó·ÖÎöµÃÖª£¬µÚÒ»¶ÎÂÛÊöÁËCarnegieÊéÖеĹ۵㣬DÑ¡ÏîÂÛÊö×÷Õ߶Դ˹۵ãµÄÆÀÂÛ£¬·ûºÏÁ¢ÂÛÐÍÎÄÕµÄƪÕ½ṹ¡£ÔÙÕߣ¬¸ù¾ÝÒÑÖª¶ÎÂäF¾äÊ׳öÏֵĴú´ÊÖ¸´úÏßË÷Ò²Äܵóö´ð°¸¡£FÊ×¾äÌáµ½These views of argumentsÓëD¶ÎÂäβ¾äÖеÄthis kind of thinking ΪͬÒ帴ÏÖ£¬Òò´ËDΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£

¡¡¡¡43¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿G(There is a better way to win arguments.)

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿¸ÃÑ¡ÏîλÓÚFÏîÖ®ºó£¬F¶Î×îºóÒ»¾ä“but they can help you win-in one way”ÖÐÓГhelp you win-in one way”£¬¶øG¶ÎÊ×¾ä“There is a better way to win arguments.”µÄ“a better way to win”ÊǶԓhelp you win-in one way”µÄ½øÒ»²½ËµÃ÷¡£Òò´ËG¶ÎÔò½Ó×ÅF¶Î¡£

¡¡¡¡44¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿B(Of course, many discussions are not so successful.)

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿±¾ÌâλÖÃΪCµÄÉÏÒ»¶Î¡£ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÖ»ÐèÕÒµ½Ò»¶ÎµÄβ¾ä¿ÉÒÔÓëC¶ÎÊ×¾ä½øÐйØÁª¼´¿É¡£C¶ÎµÄµÚÒ»¾ä»°£ºNone of this will be easy...others refuse to...£¬¾äÒâΪÕâÑù²»ÈÝÒ×£¬¼´Ê¹±ðÈ˾ܾø£¬µ«Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿ªÊ¼...ÏÂÎļÌÐøÌáµ½´Ó·´·½ÃæÀ´¶Ô´ýÄãµÄ¹Ûµã¡£²»ÄÑ·¢ÏÖBÏî×îºóÒ»¾ä»°Ìáµ½ÁËrecognize weakness...accept ...on the opposite side...£¬´Ë´¦oppositeºÍrefuse¾ùΪͬÒ帴ÏÖµÄÌæ»»´Ê¡£´ËÍ⣬BÏî¶ÎβÊÇ´ÓÐÄÀíÉ϶ԴýÏà·´µÄÂ۵㣬¶øC¶ÎÖÐstate...ask...spell...assessµÈ¾ùΪ×ö³öµÄÐж¯¡£ÏÈÓÐÏë·¨ÔÙ¸¶ÖîÐж¯µÄ˳ÐòÒ²·ûºÏÁËBÔÚÇ°CÔÚºó£¬ËùÒÔÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÎªB¡£

¡¡¡¡45¡¢¡¾´ð°¸¡¿A(These tools can help you win every argument……)

¡¡¡¡¡¾½âÎö¡¿ÒÑÖª¶ÎÂäC¶ÎĩβÁ½¾ä»°½²µ½Next time you state your position…. Next time you talk with someone who…. Assess its strength…¡£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª¶ÎÂä½²µÄ¶¼ÊÇһЩ°ïÖúÈ¡µÃ±çÂÛʤÀûµÄ×ö·¨¼¼ÇÉ£¬ÕâÓëA¶ÎÂ俪ͷµÄThese tools can help you win every argument¹¹³ÉÁ˺ôÓ¦£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇC¶ÎºóNext time you talk with someone who ÓëA¶Î¿ªÍ·but in the better sense of learning about the issues…ͬʱ¶¼ÔÚ½²¶ÔÓÚ±ðÈ˹۵ãµÄ¿´·¨¡£Òò´ËÈ·¶¨´ð°¸Ñ¡AÑ¡Ïî¡£

¡¡¡¡Section III Translation

¡¡¡¡(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.

¡¡¡¡¡¾ÌâÄ¿¿¼µã¡¿¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä;×´Óï´Ó¾äÊ¡ÂԽṹ;²¢Áнṹ;±»¶¯½á¹¹

¡¡¡¡¡¾¾ä×ӽṹ¡¿Ö÷¸ÉΪ£ºThere is a good deal of this kind of nonsense. which Òýµ¼¶¨Óï´Ó¾äÐÞÊÎnonsense;whenÒýµ¼Ê±¼ä×´Óï´Ó¾ä£¬ÇÒÐÎʽÊÇ×´Óï´Ó¾äµÄÊ¡ÂÔ£¬Ê¡ÂÔÁËÖ÷ÓïºÍϵ¶¯´Ê(this kind of nonsense is);½é´Ê¶ÌÓïin the medical journals×÷×´Óï;both health scaresºÍshort-lived dietary enthusiasmsÊDz¢Áнṹ£¬×ö¶¯´ÊgeneratesµÄ±öÓï¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¾Öصã´Ê»ã¡¿nonsenseºú˵;·Ï»° take upÕ¼¾Ý;ÄÃÆð broadcaster¹ã²¥¹«Ë¾;²¥ÒôÔ± lay ÍâÐеÄ;ÊÀË×µÄ generate ÒýÆð;²úÉú short-lived ¶ÌÔݵÄ

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ¡¿ÔÚҽѧÔÓÖ¾ÉÏÓкܶàÕâÑùµÄ·Ï»°¡£µ±±»¹ã²¥¹«Ë¾ºÍ·ÇöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØýÌ屨µÀʱ£¬ÕâЩ·Ï»°»áÒýÆ𽡿µ¿Ö»ÅºÍ¶ÌÔݵÄÒûʳ¿ñÈÈ¡£

¡¡¡¡(47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.

¡¡¡¡¡¾ÌâÄ¿¿¼µã¡¿·Ö´Ê¶¨Óï;¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä;±È½Ï½á¹¹

¡¡¡¡¡¾¾ä×ӽṹ¡¿Ö÷¾äÖ÷¸É£ºnowadays anyone…has to have published twice the number of papers…¡£applying forΪÏÖÔÚ·Ö´Ê×öºóÖö¨ÓÐÞÊÎanyone;thatÒýµ¼µÄ¶¨Óï´Ó¾äÐÞÊÎÏÈÐдÊpapers;twice the number of papersΪ±È½Ï½á¹¹¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¾Öصã´Ê»ã¡¿applying for ÉêÇë research post Ñо¿¸Úλ

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ¡¿ÏÖÔÚÈËÃÇÉêÇë¿ÆÑй¤×÷²»½öÒª·¢±íÂÛÎÄ£¬¶øÇÒËù·¢ÂÛÎĵÄÊýÁ¿±ØÐë±È10ÄêÇ°µÄÊýÁ¿¶à1±¶¡£

¡¡¡¡(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.

¡¡¡¡¡¾ÌâÄ¿¿¼µã¡¿ ±»¶¯Óï̬;×´Óï½á¹¹;

¡¡¡¡¡¾¾ä×ӽṹ¡¿±¾¾äÖ÷¸ÉΪ£ºAttempts have been made to curb this tendency;byÒýµ¼µÄÊÇÒ»¸ö·½Ê½×´Ó¸Ã½á¹¹ÄÚºËÐÄ´îÅäÊÇincorporate A into B½á¹¹¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¾Öصã´Ê»ã¡¿curb ¿ØÖÆ incorporate°üº¬ quantityÊýÁ¿ assessment ÆÀ¹À£¬¹À¼Û£¬¹ÀÖµ

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ¡¿ÈËÃÇÒѾ­Å¬Á¦È¥¿ØÖÆÕâÒ»Ç÷ÊÆ£¬ÀýÈ磬ÊÔͼͨ¹ý½«Ä³ÖÖ¶ÔÂÛÎÄÖÊÁ¿ºÍÊýÁ¿µÄºâÁ¿ÄÉÈëµ½ÉêÇëÈËÂÛÎĵÄÆÀ¹ÀÖС£

¡¡¡¡(49) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

¡¡¡¡¡¾ÌâÄ¿¿¼µã¡¿Ìõ¼þ×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡¢±öÓï´Ó¾ä

¡¡¡¡¡¾¾ä×ӽṹ¡¿if...reproducible, ΪifÒýµ¼µÄÌõ¼þ×´Óï´Ó¾ä£¬Ö÷¾äΪwe must ensure that..., ÆäÖÐ

¡¡¡¡thatÒýµ¼µÄÊDZöÓï´Ó¾ä

¡¡¡¡¡¾Öصã´Ê»ã¡¿ ensure vt. È·±£;meaningful adj. ÓÐÒâÒåµÄ;reproducible adj. ¿ÉÔÙÉúµÄ;

¡¡¡¡institution n. »ú¹¹

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ¡¿Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÈÏÕæÈ·±£ÎÒÃǵĿÆѧ¼ÈÓÐÒâÒåÓÖ¿ÉÖظ´ÀûÓã¬ÄÇôÎÒÃDZØÐëÈ·±£ÎÒÃǵÄÑо¿»ú¹¹¹ÄÀøÄÇÖÖ¿Æѧ¡£

¡¡¡¡(50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

¡¡¡¡¡¾ÌâÄ¿¿¼µã¡¿×´Óï´Ó¾ä;±öÓï´Ó¾ä

¡¡¡¡¡¾¾ä×ӽṹ¡¿Ö÷¾äÖ÷¸É£ºwe must ensure that...¡£If we are serious about ensuring that...£¬Õⲿ·ÖÊÇifÒýµ¼µÄÌõ¼þ×´Óï´Ó¾ä£¬´Ó¾äÖеÄensuringºóΪthatÒýµ¼µÄ±öÓï´Ó¾ä;Ö÷¾äÖÐensureºóͬÑùΪthatÒýµ¼µÄ±öÓï´Ó¾ä¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¾Öصã´Ê»ã¡¿be serious about ÈÏÕæ¶Ô´ý reproducible ¿ÉÔÙÉúµÄ£¬¿ÉÖظ´µÄ institution ÖƶÈ

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ¡¿Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÈÏÕæÈ·±£ÎÒÃǵĿÆѧ¼ÈÓÐÒâÒåÓÖ¿ÉÖظ´ÀûÓã¬ÎÒÃDZØÐëÈ·±£ÎÒÃǵÄÖƶȹÄÀøÕâÖÖ¿Æѧ¡£

¡¡¡¡Section IV Writing

¡¡¡¡51¡¢

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼·¶ÎÄ¡¿

¡¡¡¡Dear William,

¡¡¡¡I am exceedingly delighted to receive your letter in which you inquired something about the “Aiding Rural Primary Schools”. I, as a member of the project, am writing you this letter for the purpose of informing you some of the necessary information.

¡¡¡¡First and foremost, the theme of the project is to help those rural primary schools in remote areas by arranging some activities, such as sending various kinds of books about different aspects to those lovely students, which can not only broaden their horizon and enrich their life, but also cultivate their ability of thinking and learning independently and critically. In addition, the volunteers should have the character of diligence, coupled with an optimistic and pleasant personality, which will assure them of positive attitude when facing some setbacks during the process of these activities.

¡¡¡¡If you have any question about this project, please contact me without any hesitation at aidingruralprimaryschools@edu.cn.

¡¡¡¡Yours sincerely,

¡¡¡¡Li Ming

¡¡¡¡52¡¢

¡¡¡¡¡¾²Î¿¼·¶ÎÄ¡¿

¡¡¡¡As is vividly portrayed in the cartoon, two people are climbing the mountain together. One of them sits on a higher step with his backpack beside his feet and complains, "I'm tired, I don't want to climb anymore." However, the partner carrying a bag catches up with him and hands him a bottle of water, he says, "Come on, take a break then continue to climb." Under the picture lies a caption: On the Way.

¡¡¡¡The impressive drawing has profoundly revealed that the process of our life is just like the mountain-climbing and only by adjusting our own pace and persisting in our goals can we reach a higher life realm——realizing the dreams for which we are always longing. For one thing, all kinds of interference make us give up sticking to dreams. For another, we haven't integrated dreams into our life because of being anxious for success. The most common instance is that when we want to improve our health or obtain a better figure, majority of us may determine to do exercise, but often end in laziness and various excuses.

¡¡¡¡As the saying goes, the end of man is the beginning of God, only those who do their best can get the favor of heaven and enjoy the joy of victory. It is advisable for us, positive climbers, to view persistence and struggle as a lifestyle. Only by taking these approvals into action can we enjoy the richness and beauty of life.