öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

Ò»¡¢´Ó×ÝÏò¿´

¹Å´ú²¿·ÖËùÕ¼±ÈÖØÒ»°ãÔÚÊÔÌâ×ÜÁ¿µÄ70%-80%£¬ÉõÖÁ¸ßÓÚ80%.ËùÒÔ£¬¹Å´ú·¨ÂÉÖƶÈÎÞÒÉÊÇÖйú·¨ÖÆÊ·ÕâÃſγ̵ÄöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØÖصã¡£

¶øÔڹŴú²¿·ÖÖУ¬²»Í¬µÄ³¯´úÓÖÓи÷×ÔµÄÖصãÎÊÌ⣺

1.ÏÄÉÌÖÜʱÆÚ¡£ÏÄÉÌÖÜʱÆÚÓÖ±»³ÆΪ"Å«Á¥ÖÆʱÆÚ"»ò"Ï°¹ß·¨Ê±´ú".Ö÷ÒªÊÇÒòΪÔÚÕâһʱÆÚÖУ¬Öйú¹Å´ú·¨Éд¦ÓÚ·¢Õ¹µÄ³õ¼¶½×¶Î£¬ÒÔ²»³ÉÎĵÄÏ°¹ß·¨ÎªÖ÷ÒªÐÎ̬¡£Õâһʱ¼äÖ÷ÒªÉæ¼°Öйú·¨µÄÆðÔ´¡¢Ïij¯·¨ÖƸſö¡¢É̳¯·¨ÖƸſö¼°Î÷ÖÜ·¨ÂÉÖƶȵÈÎÊÌâ¡£ÆäÖУ¬Î÷ÖÜ·¨ÂÉÖƶÈÊÇÕâÒ»²¿·ÖµÄÖصã¡£

2.´ºÇïÕ½¹úʱÆÚ¡£´ºÇïÕ½¹úʱÆÚÊÇÖйúÀúÊ·ÉϵÚÒ»´Î´ó¶¯µ´¡¢´ó±ä¸ïµÄʱÆÚ¡£ÔÚ´ËÆڼ䣬Öйú¹Å´ú·¨ÂÉʵÏÖÁËÓɲ»³ÉÎÄÏ°¹ß·¨Ïò³ÉÎÄÖƶ¨·¨µÄΰ´óת±ä¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÔÚÉç»á±ä¸ïÖÐÐËÆðµÄ"Öî×Ó°Ù¼Ò"£¬ÌرðÊÇÈå¡¢·¨¡¢µÀ¡¢Ä«µÈѧÅÉÌá³öµÄ·¨ÂÉÖ÷ÕÅÓë·¨ÂÉ˼Ï룬Ҳ³ÉΪÖйú¹Å´ú×îÓдú±íÐԵķ¨ÂÉ˼Ïë¡¢·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ¡£ÔÚÕâһʱÆÚÄÚ£¬´ºÇïʱÆڵĹ«²¼³ÉÎÄ·¨Ô˶¯¡¢Õ½¹úʱÆڵġ¶·¨¾­¡·¡¢ÇعúµÄ"ÉÌ÷±±ä·¨"ÒÔ¼°Èå¼Ò¡¢·¨¼ÒµÄÖ÷Òª·¨ÂÉÖ÷ÕÅ£¬¶¼ÊÇÓ¦¸ÃÕÆÎÕµÄÖصãÄÚÈÝ¡£

3.ÇغºÊ±ÆÚ¡£ÇغºÊ±ÆÚÊÇÖйú¹Å´ú·â½¨·¨ÖÆÈ«ÃæÈ·Á¢µÄʱÆÚ¡£ÔÚ´ËÆڼ䣬Çس¯¼°Á½ººµÄ·¨ÂÉÖƶȸ÷ÓÐÌØÉ«£¬Ò²¸÷ÓÐÆä¶ÀÌصÄÀúÊ·µØλ¡£Çس¯µÄ·¨ÖÆÌØÉ«£¬ÔÚÓÚÈ«ÃæÍÆÐз¨¼ÒµÄ"ÒÔ·¨Öιú"¡¢"Çá×ïÖØÐÌ"µÈ·¨ÂÉÖ÷ÕÅ£¬Òò¶øÇس¯µÄÐÌÊ·¨ÂÉ¡¢¾­¼Ã·¨¹æ¡¢Ë¾·¨ËßËÏÖƶȶ¼ÊÇÆÄÓÐÌØÉ«µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£ºº³¯·¨ÂÉÖƶȵÄÖص㣬ÔòÔÚºº³õÖ÷ÒªÁ¢·¨¡¢Î÷ººÖÐÆÚµÄÐÌ·£¸Ä¸ï¡¢·¨ÂÉÖ¸µ¼Ë¼ÏëµÄת±ä¡¢·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄ±ä»¯¼°Ë¾·¨ÖƶÈÖеÄ"´ºÇï¾öÓü"£¬µÈµÈ¡£

4.Èý¹úÁ½½úÄϱ±³¯Ê±ÆÚ¡£Èý¹úÁ½½úÄϱ±³¯Ê±ÆÚÊÇÖйú¹Å´ú³ÉÎÄ·¨·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹µÄʱÆÚ¡£ÔÚ´ËÆڼ䣬·â½¨Á¢·¨¼¼Êõ¡¢·¨µä½á¹¹¡¢·¨ÂÉÄÚÈݵȷ½Ã涼Óо޴óµÄ½ø²½¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÎºÂÉ¡¢½úÂÉ¡¢±±ÎºÂÉ¡¢±±ÆëÂɵÈÖØÒª·¨µäµÄÖƶ¨£¬ÃûÀýÂɵÄÐγÉÓë·â½¨·¨µä½á¹¹µÄÍêÉÆ£¬"°ËÒé"¡¢"¹Ùµ±"¡¢"ÖØ×ïÊ®Ìõ"µÈÖØÒªÖƶȵÄÈ·Á¢£¬¶¼ÊÇÕâһʱÆÚ·¨ÂÉÖƶȵÄÖصãÄÚÈÝ¡£

5.ËåÌÆʱÆÚ¡£ËåÌÆÊÇÖйú·â½¨Éç»á·¢Õ¹µÄ¶¥·åʱÆÚ£¬Ò²ÊÇÖйú¹Å´ú·â½¨·¨ÂÉÖƶȵijÉÊì¡¢¶¨ÐÍʱÆÚ¡£ÌƳ¯µÄÖ÷ÒªÁ¢·¨¡¶ÌÆÂÉÊèÒé¡·×ÜÔòºÍ·ÖÔò¸÷ƪµÄ»ù±¾ÄÚÈÝ¡¢ÌÆÂɵĻù±¾¾«Éñ¡¢ÌÆÂɵÄÌص㼰ÀúÊ·µØλ¡¢ÌƳ¯µÄ˾·¨»ú¹Ø¼°ËßËÏÖƶȵÈ£¬¶¼ÊDz»ÄܺöÊÓµÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£

6.ËÎÔªÃ÷ÇåʱÆÚ¡£ËÎÔªÃ÷ÇåʱÆÚÊÇÖйú·â½¨Éç»áµÄºóÆÚ¡£ÔÚ´ËÆڼ䣬Öйú¹Å´ú·â½¨ÔÚÌÆÂÉËùÈ·Á¢µÄ»ù±¾¾«Éñ¡¢»ù±¾¿ò¼Ü»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÔÚ·¨ÂÉÐÎʽ¡¢·¨ÂÉÄÚÈÝÉ϶¼ÓÐËù·¢Õ¹£¬ÌرðÊÇËæ×ÅÖÐÑ뼯Ȩ¡¢»ÊȨרÖƵĽøÒ»²½Ç¿»¯£¬ÕâһʱÆڵķ¨ÂÉÖƶÈÒ²ÌåÏÖ³öΪǿ»¯×¨ÖƶÀ²ÃÖƶȷþÎñ¡¢·¨ÂÉÕòѹְÄܽøÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿µÄÌصã¡£ÕâһʱÆڵĸ´Ï°Öصã°üÀ¨Ëγ¯µÄÁ¢·¨ºÍ±à뷻¡¢±±ËεÄ"ÖØ·¨µØ·¨"Óë"µÁÔôÖØ·¨"¡¢Ëγ¯ÐÌ·£Öƶȵı仯¡¢Ëγ¯Ë¾·¨»ú¹ØµÄ±ä»¯¡¢Ã÷³¯µÄÖ÷ÒªÁ¢·¨¡¢Ã÷ÂɵĽṹÌåÀý¡¢Ã÷´ú·¨ÂÉ"ÇáÆäÇá¡¢ÖØÆäÖØ"µÄÌصã¡¢Ã÷³¯ÐÌ·£Öƶȵķ¢Õ¹¡¢Ã÷³¯Ë¾·¨»ú¹¹µÄ±ä»¯¼°ÌØÎñͳÖΡ¢Ç峯Ö÷ÒªÁ¢·¨¡¢Ç峯·¨ÂɵÄÃñ×åͳÖÎÌØÉ«¡¢Ç峯¶ÔÃ÷Âɵļ̳ÐÓë·¢Õ¹¡¢Ç峯µÄ»áÉóÖƶȵÈÖî¶àÄÚÈÝ¡£

7.ÇåĩʱÆÚ¡£ÇåĩʱÆÚÊÇÖ¸¹«Ôª1840ÄêѻƬսÕùÒÔºóÖÁ1912Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕÖлªÃñ¹ú³ÉÁ¢£¬Ç峯ÃðÍöÕâÒ»ÌØÊâÀúʷʱÆÚ¡£ÕâһʱÆÚµÄѧϰÖصã°üÀ¨ÇåÄ©Ô¤±¸Á¢Ïܼ°ÏÜ·¨Îļþ¡¢ÇåÄ©¶Ô²¿ÃÅ·¨µÄÐÞ¶©¼°ÆäÖ÷Òª³É¹û¡¢ÇåÄ©ÐÞÂɵÄÌص㼰ÆäÀúÊ·ÒâÒå¡¢Çåĩ˾·¨Öƶȵıä¸ï¡¢Íâ¹úÔÚ»ªÁìʲÃÅÐȨÖƶȵÄÈ·Á¢¼°Æäºó¹û£¬µÈµÈ¡£

8.Ãñ¹úʱÆÚ¡£×Ô1912Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕËïÖÐɽÏÈÉúÔÚÄϾ©Ðû²¼ÖлªÃñ¹úÄϾ©ÁÙʱÕþ¸®³ÉÁ¢ÖÁ1949Äê¹úÃñµ³Í³Öμ¯ÍÅÍ˳ö´ó½£¬ÊÇÖйú½ü´úÊ·ÉϵÄÃñ¹úʱÆÚ¡£ÄϾ©ÁÙʱÕþ¸®µÄ¡¶ÖлªÃñ¹úÁÙʱԼ·¨¡·¡¢±±ÑóÕþ¸®µÄÏÜÕþ»î¶¯ÓëÏÜ·¨Îļþ¡¢ÄϾ©¹úÃñÕþ¸®µÄÁù·¨Ìåϵ¡¢ÄϾ©¹úÃñÕþ¸®µÄÏÜ·¨¡¢Ãñ·¨¡¢ÐÌ·¨¡¢ËßËÏ·¨µÈÖ÷Òª·¨µäµÄÖƶ¨¡¢¹úÃñµ³ÕþȨµÄ˾·¨ÖƶȵÈ£¬ÊÇÕâһʱÆڵĸ´Ï°Öصã¡£

9.¸ïÃü¸ù¾ÝµØʱÆÚ¡£¸ïÃü¸ù¾ÝµØʱÆÚµÄÏÜÕþ»î¶¯ÓëÏÜ·¨Îļþ¡¢ÍÁµØÁ¢·¨¡¢ÀͶ¯Á¢·¨¡¢»éÒöÁ¢·¨¡¢ÐÌÊ·¨ÂÉ¡¢Ë¾·¨ËßËÏÖƶȼ°"ÂíÎýÎåÉóÅз½Ê½"µÈ£¬¶¼ÊǸ´Ï°µÄÖصã¡£

¶þ¡¢´ÓºáÏò¿´

Öйú·¨ÖÆÊ·¸´Ï°µÄÖصã´ÓºáÏòÉÏ¿´£¬ÖйúÀúÊ·ÉÏÿһʱÆڵķ¨ÂÉÖƶÈ£¬Ò»°ã¶¼¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ·¨ÂÉ˼Ïë¡¢Á¢·¨»î¶¯¼°³É¹û¡¢ÐÌÊ·¨ÂÉÖƶÈ¡¢ÃñÊ·¨Âɹ淶¡¢¾­¼Ã·¨Âɹ淶¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨Âɹ淶¡¢Ë¾·¨ÌåÖƼ°Ö÷ÒªËßËÏÖƶȵȼ¸¸ö·½Ãæ¡£

1.¹ØÓÚ¸÷³¯µÄ·¨ÂÉ˼Ïë¡£ÖйúÀúÊ·Éϵķ¨ÂÉ˼Ï룬ҲÓÐÆäÃ÷ÏԵķ¢Õ¹¹ì¼£ºÍÔ¨Ô´¹Øϵ¡£ÏÄÉÌʱÆÚ£¬"ÌìÌÖ"¡¢"Ìì·£"µÄÉñȨ·¨ÀíÂÛÕ¼Ö÷µ¼µØλ¡£Î÷ÖܳõÄ꣬ÖÜͳÖÎÕßÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉÏÌá³öÁË"ÒÔµÂÅäÌì¡¢Ã÷µÂÉ÷·£"µÄÖ÷ÕÅ£¬½øÒ»²½·á¸»ÁËÔçÆÚµÄÕþÖη¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ¡£´ºÇïÕ½¹úÖ®¼Ê£¬Èå·¨Á½¼ÒÌá³öÁËÃ÷È·¶øϵͳµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ¡£¶øÔÚÕ½¹ú´ó²¿·ÖʱÆÚ¼°Çس¯£¬·¨Ñ§¼ÒÅɵÄÀíÂÛÔÚÕþÖÎʵ¼ùÖÐÒ»Ö±Õ¼¾Ý×ÅÖ§ÅäµØλ¡£Î÷ººÖÐÆÚÒÔºó£¬Ëæ×ÅÈå×ÅѧÅɳɹ¦µØ¶À°ÔÖйúµÄÕþÖÎ˼ÏëÎę̀£¬ÒÔ"µÂÖ÷Ð̸¨"ΪÖÐÐĵÄÈå¼Ò˼Ïë¼´³ÉΪÖйú·â½¨Éç»áÕýͳµÄ·¨ÂÉÀíÂÛ£¬ÌÆÃ÷Çå¸÷³¯¾ùδÍÑÀëÈå¼Òѧ˵µÄ¿ò¼Ü¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ö»Òª°ÑÎÕºÃÉÏÊö¼¸Ìõ»ù±¾ÏßË÷£¬²¢½áºÏÌƳ¯¡¢Ã÷³¯¡¢Ç峯µÄÌص㣬¾Í¿ÉÒÔ»ù±¾ÕÆÎÕÕâÒ»²¿·ÖµÄÖ÷ÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£

2.¹ØÓÚ¸÷³¯µÄÁ¢·¨»î¶¯¼°³É¹û¡£Ó¦¸Ã˵£¬¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄÖ÷ÒªÁ¢·¨»î¶¯¼°Á¢·¨³É¹û£¬ÊÇÖйú·¨ÖÆÊ·¿Î³ÌµÄÒ»¸öÖ÷ÒªÏßË÷£¬Ò²ÊǸ´Ï°ºÍöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔصÄÖ÷ÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£Ïij¯µÄ"ÓíÐÌ"£¬É̳¯µÄ"ÌÀÐÌ"£¬´ºÇïʱÆÚµÄ"ÖýÐÌÊé"¡¢"ÖýÐ̶¦"¼°"ÖñÐÌ"£¬Õ½¹úʱÆڵġ¶·¨¾­¡·¡¢ÇØÂÉ£¬ºº³¯µÄ"Ô¼·¨ÈýÕÂ"Ó롶¾ÅÕÂÂÉ¡·£¬¡¶ÎºÂÉ¡·¡¢¡¶½úÂÉ¡·¡¢¡¶±±ÆëÂÉ¡·£¬ÌƳ¯ÖîÂɼ°¡¶ÌÆÁùµä¡·£¬¡¶ËÎÐÌͳ¡·¼°Ëγ¯±àë·£¬¡¶´óÃ÷ÂÉ¡·¼°¡¶Ã÷´óÚ¾¡·£¬¡¶´óÇåÂɼ¯½â¸½Àý¡·Ó롶´óÇåÂÉÀý¡·£¬ÇåÄ©ÐÞÂÉÖîÏî³É¹û£¬¡¶ÖлªÃñ¹úÁÙʱԼ·¨¡·£¬±±ÑóÕþ¸®µÄÏÜ·¨Îļþ£¬¹úÃñµ³ÕþȨµÄÏÜ·¨¡¢Ãñ·¨¡¢ÐÌ·¨¡¢ËßËÏ·¨£¬¸ïÃü¸ù¾ÝµØµÄ¸÷ÏîÏÜÕþ¡¢ÐÌÊ¡¢ÍÁµØ¡¢ÀͶ¯¡¢»éÒö¼°ËßËÏÁ¢·¨µÈ£¬¶¼ÊDZØÐëÕÆÎյĻù±¾ÄÚÈÝ¡£

3.¹ØÓÚ¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄÐÌÊ·¨ÂÉ¡£ÐÌÊ·¨ÂÉÊÇÖйú¹Å´úµÄÖ÷Ì岿·Ö£¬ËùÒÔÀíËùµ±È»µØ³ÉΪ¸´Ï°¡¢öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔصÄÖصã¡£Ò»°ã¶øÑÔ£¬¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄÐÌÊ·¨ÂÉÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨ÐÌÊÂÁ¢·¨¡¢Ö÷Òª×ïÃû¡¢·¨ÂÉÊÊÓÃÔ­Ôò¡¢ÐÌ·£Öƶȵȼ¸¸ö·½Ãæ¡£

4.¹ØÓÚ¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄÃñÊ¡¢¾­¼Ã¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨Âɹ淶¡£ÔÚ¸÷Àà·¨ÖÆÊ·½Ì²ÄÖУ¬ÓйØÃñÊ¡¢¾­¼Ã¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨Âɹ淶µÄÄÚÈÝÒ²Õ¼ÓÐÏ൱µÄƪ·ù¡£ÃñÊÂÖƶÈÖУ¬³ýËùÓÐȨ¡¢ÆõÔ¼¡¢Õ®µÈ»ù±¾ÄÚÈÝÍ⣬»éÒöÖƶȽÏΪÖØÒª¡£¾­¼Ã·¨Âɹ淶£¬Çس¯¡¢Ëγ¯¼°Ã÷³¯µÄÄÚÈݽÏÓдú±íÐÔ¡£ÐÐÕþ·¨ÂÉÖƶÈÔòÒÔÎ÷ÖÜ¡¢ÇØ¡¢ÌÆ¡¢Ç峯µÄÄÚÈÝΪÖصã¡£

5.¹ØÓÚ¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄ˾·¨ËßËÏÖƶÈ¡£Ë¾·¨ËßËÏÖƶÈÒ²ÊÇÖйú·¨ÖÆÊ·¿Î³ÌÖеÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£Ò»°ã˵À´£¬¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄ˾·¨ËßËÏÖƶÈÖ÷ÒªÉ漰˾·¨»ú¹Ø¡¢ËßËÏÉóÅÐÖƶȵÈÎÊÌâ¡£¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄ˾·¨»ú¹Ø¡¢ÌرðÊÇÖÐÑë˾·¨»ú¹ØµÄÉèÖá¢Ö°ÄÜ¡¢Ï໥¹ØϵÒÔ¼°·¢Õ¹Ñݱ䣬Óдú±íÐԵĿØËß¡¢ÉóÅС¢¿½Ñ¶¡¢Åоö¡¢Ö´ÐС¢¸´ºË¡¢»áÉóÖƶȵÈ£¬¶¼Ó¦ÖصãÕÆÎÕ¡£