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1£®With regard to the acid-buffering system of the
extraccllular fluid,which of the following statements is/are
true?
(1) The bicarbonare-carbonic acid system is the primary
extracellular buffering system.
(2) The ratio of the base bicarbonate to carbonic acid
determines the extracelluler fluid pH.
(3) The functions of the extracellular buffering system are
expressed in the Heerjersoon-Hasselbalce equation.
(4) A bicarbonate-carbonic acid ratio of 20:1 is associated
with a normal pH(7.4)

AÐÍÌâ
2£®The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is properly expressed
by which equation?
A£®Pk=pH-logBHCO3 /H2CO3
B£®Pk=pH-logH2CO3,/BHCO3
C£®pk=PK+log H2CO3,/BHCO3
D£®Ph=PK+ogBHCO3/H2CO3
E£®None of the aboveequations is correctly expressed.
3£®With regard to total body water which of the following
statements is /are false?
A£®50 to 70% of total body weight is warter
B£®In general,the percentage of body weigth that is water is
higher in males than in females
C£®Lean individuals have a greater proportion of
water(relative to body weight)than do obese dividuals.
D£®The percentage of total body weight that is water
increases with age.
E£®Body water is divided into extraccllualr (i. e.
intravascular and interstitial) and intracellular functional
compartments
4£®With regard to metabolie acidosis and alkalosis,which of
the following statemnts is/are true?
A£®Metabolic acidosis results from retention of fixed acid or
a loss of bicarbonate, which causes a fall in the numerator
of the Henderson Hasselbalch ratio leading to a ratio of
less than 20: 1.
B£®Metabolic alkalosis results from a loss of fixed acid or a
gain of bicarbonate, causing an increase in the numerator of
the Hendson Hasselbalch ratio and leading to a ratio of
greater than 20:1
C£®In metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, slow compensation
occurs via renal mechanisms
D£®All the above statements are true
5£®With regard to hyperkalemia.which of the following
starements is/are true?
A£®The signs and sympotoms of hyperkalemia are primary
neuromuscular
B£®The intravenous administration of sodium lactate. calcium
gluconate and dextrose-insulin solutions can produce a
rapid fall in serum pottasium levels
C£®Cation-exchange resins administered by rectum are the
trearnent of choice for a rapid rise in the level of serum
potassium
D£®Gastrointestinal symptoms in the presence of hyperkalemia
should rise suspicion of concomitant hypercalcemia
E£®None of the above statements is true
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