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1innate immunity
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2cell determination
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3clonal selection theory
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¿Ë¡ѡÔñѧ˵ A theory explaining how the cells of the immune system produce large quantities of the right antibody at the right time, i.e. when the appropriate antigen is encountered. It proposes that there is a pre-existing pool of lymphocytes (B cells) consisting of numerous small subsets. Each subset carries a unique set of surface antibody molecules with its own particular binding characteristics. If a cell encounters and binds the corresponding antigen it is `selected' – stimulated to divide repeatedly and produce a large clone of identical cells, all secreting the antibody. The involvement of helper T cells (see T cell) is essential for activation of the B cell. A form of clonal selection is also invoked to explain the development of immunological tolerance. »ò³ÆÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³ÏµÑ¡Ôñѧ˵£¬ÊǰĴóÀûÑÇÃâÒßѧ¼ÒF.M.²®ÄÚÌØÓÚ1957ÄêÌá³öµÄ¿¹ÌåÐγÉÀíÂÛ¡£¿Ë¡ÓÖ³ÆÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³Ï¸°ûϵ»òÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³Ïµ£¬ÊÇÒ»¸öϸ°û»ò¸öÌåÒÔÎÞÐÔ·½Ê½Öظ´·ÖÁÑ»ò·±Ö³Ëù²úÉúµÄһȺϸ°û»òһȺ¸öÌ壬ÔÚ²»·¢ÉúÍ»±äµÄÇé¿öϾßÓÐÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄÒÅ´«½á¹¹¡£ÕâÒ»ÀíÂÛÈÏΪ¶¯ÎïÌåÄÚ´æÔÚ×ÅÐí¶àÃâÒß»îÐÔϸ°û¿Ë¡£¬²»Í¬¿Ë¡µÄϸ°û¾ßÓв»Í¬µÄ±íÃæÊÜÌ壬ÄÜÓëÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¿¹Ô­¾ö¶¨´Ø·¢Éú»¥²¹½áºÏ¡£Ò»µ©Ä³ÖÖ¿¹Ô­½øÈëÌåÄÚÓëÏàÓ¦¿Ë¡µÄÊÜÌå·¢Éú½áºÏºó±ãÑ¡ÔñÐԵؼ¤»îÁËÕâÒ»¿Ë¡£¬Ê¹ËüÀ©Ôö²¢²úÉú´óÁ¿¿¹Ì壨¼´ÃâÒßÇòµ°°×£©£¬¿¹Ìå·Ö×ÓµÄÌØÒìÐÔÓ뱻ѡÔñµÄϸ°ûµÄ±íÃæÊÜÌåÏàͬ¡£¿Ë¡ѡÔñѧ˵µÄºËÐÄÂÛµãÊÇ:¢Ù´øÓи÷ÖÖÊÜÌåµÄÃâÒß»îÐÔϸ°û¿Ë¡ÔçÒÑ´æÔÚ,¿¹Ô­µÄ×÷ÓÃÖ»ÊÇÑ¡Ôñ²¢¼¤»îÏàÓ¦µÄ¿Ë¡£»¢Úϸ°ûÊÜÌåºÍ¸Ãϸ°ûºó´úËù·ÖÃڵIJúÎ¿¹Ì壩¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄÌØÒìÐÔ¡£
4embryonic induction
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1
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2
cell determination

ϸ°û¾ö¶¨ ÊÇָϸ°ûÔÚ·¢Éú¿Éʶ±ðµÄÐÎ̬±ä»¯Ö®Ç°, ¾ÍÒÑÊܵ½Ô¼Êø¶øÏòÌØ¶¨·½Ïò·Ö»¯, Õâʱϸ°ûÄÚ²¿ÒÑ·¢Éú±ä»¯, È·¶¨ÁËδÀ´µÄ·¢ÓýÃüÔË¡£Ï¸°ûÔÚÕâÖÖ¾ö¶¨×´Ì¬ÏÂ, ÑØÌØ¶¨ÀàÐÍ·Ö»¯µÄÄÜÁ¦ÒѾ­Îȶ¨ÏÂÀ´, Ò»°ã²»»áÖÐ;¸Ä±ä¡£µÔÖкÍP476
3
clonal selection theory
¿Ë¡ѡÔñѧ˵ A theory explaining how the cells of the immune system produce large quantities of the right antibody at the right time, i.e. when the appropriate antigen is encountered. It proposes that there is a pre-existing pool of lymphocytes (B cells) consisting of numerous small subsets. Each subset carries a unique set of surface antibody molecules with its own particular binding characteristics. If a cell encounters and binds the corresponding antigen it is `selected' – stimulated to divide repeatedly and produce a large clone of identical cells, all secreting the antibody. The involvement of helper T cells (see T cell) is essential for activation of the B cell. A form of clonal selection is also invoked to explain the development of immunological tolerance. »ò³ÆÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³ÏµÑ¡Ôñѧ˵£¬ÊǰĴóÀûÑÇÃâÒßѧ¼ÒF.M.²®ÄÚÌØÓÚ1957ÄêÌá³öµÄ¿¹ÌåÐγÉÀíÂÛ¡£¿Ë¡ÓÖ³ÆÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³Ï¸°ûϵ»òÎÞÐÔ·±Ö³Ïµ£¬ÊÇÒ»¸öϸ°û»ò¸öÌåÒÔÎÞÐÔ·½Ê½Öظ´·ÖÁÑ»ò·±Ö³Ëù²úÉúµÄһȺϸ°û»òһȺ¸öÌ壬ÔÚ²»·¢ÉúÍ»±äµÄÇé¿öϾßÓÐÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄÒÅ´«½á¹¹¡£ÕâÒ»ÀíÂÛÈÏΪ¶¯ÎïÌåÄÚ´æÔÚ×ÅÐí¶àÃâÒß»îÐÔϸ°û¿Ë¡£¬²»Í¬¿Ë¡µÄϸ°û¾ßÓв»Í¬µÄ±íÃæÊÜÌ壬ÄÜÓëÏà¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¿¹Ô­¾ö¶¨´Ø·¢Éú»¥²¹½áºÏ¡£Ò»µ©Ä³ÖÖ¿¹Ô­½øÈëÌåÄÚÓëÏàÓ¦¿Ë¡µÄÊÜÌå·¢Éú½áºÏºó±ãÑ¡ÔñÐԵؼ¤»îÁËÕâÒ»¿Ë¡£¬Ê¹ËüÀ©Ôö²¢²úÉú´óÁ¿¿¹Ì壨¼´ÃâÒßÇòµ°°×£©£¬¿¹Ìå·Ö×ÓµÄÌØÒìÐÔÓ뱻ѡÔñµÄϸ°ûµÄ±íÃæÊÜÌåÏàͬ¡£¿Ë¡ѡÔñѧ˵µÄºËÐÄÂÛµãÊÇ:¢Ù´øÓи÷ÖÖÊÜÌåµÄÃâÒß»îÐÔϸ°û¿Ë¡ÔçÒÑ´æÔÚ,¿¹Ô­µÄ×÷ÓÃÖ»ÊÇÑ¡Ôñ²¢¼¤»îÏàÓ¦µÄ¿Ë¡£»¢Úϸ°ûÊÜÌåºÍ¸Ãϸ°ûºó´úËù·ÖÃڵIJúÎ¿¹Ì壩¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄÌØÒìÐÔ¡£¡¾ÃâÒßѧµÄÄÚÈÝ¡¿
4
embryonic induction
ÅßÌ¥ÓÕµ¼ ÔÚ¶¯ÎïÅßÌ¥·¢Óý¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ò»²¿·Öϸ°û¶ÔÆäÁÚ½üϸ°ûµÄÐÎ̬·¢Éú²úÉúÓ°Ï죬´Ó¶ø¾ö¶¨Æä·Ö»¯·½ÏòµÄÏÖÏó¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇϸ°û×éÖ¯·Ö»¯µÄ¾ö¶¨ÐÔÐźÅÊÇÀ´×ÔÓëÖ®ÃÜÇнӴ¥µÄÁíһȺϸ°û¡£µÔÖкÍP476¡¾ÒªÊÇ¿¼½ü¶Ë×éÖ¯µÄÏ໥×÷ÓÃÎÒ¾ÍÄÜÏëÆðÀ´ÁË£¬Õâ¸ö˵·¨±¾Éí²»ÊìϤ£¬öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØµÄʱºòÓÖÓÍ»ÒÃÉÁËÐÄ¡¿
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