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            In many cases the long-term economy£¨³¤Æڵľ­¼ÃÐÔ£©of the structure may be more important than the first cost. As a result, maintenance£¨Î¬»¤£©and durability£¨Ä;ÃÐÔ£©are important considerations.

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    Suitability of Material for Architectural and Structural Function              A reinforced concrete system frequently allows the designer to combine the architectural and structural functions£¨¹¦ÄÜ£©. Concrete has the advantage that it is placed in a plastic condition£¨ËÜÐÔ״̬£©and is given the desired shape and texture£¨Ãܶȣ©by means of the forms and the finishing techniques£¨¼Ó¹¤¼¼Êõ£©. This allows such elements£¨¹¹¼þ£©as flat plates or other types of slabs to serve as load-bearing elements while providing the finished floor and ceiling surface£¨Â¥ÃæºÍ¶¥ÅïÃ棩. Similarly, reinforced concrete walls can provide architecturally attractive surfaces in addition to having the ability to resist gravity, wind, or seismic loads. Finally, the choice of size or shape is governed£¨¾ö¶¨£©by the designer and not by the availability of standard manufactured members.
    ²ÄÁ϶Խ¨ÖþºÍ½á¹¹¹¦ÄܵÄÊÊÓ¦ÐÔ   ¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁϵͳ³£³£ÔÊÐíÉè¼ÆÕß½«½¨ÖþºÍ½á¹¹µÄ¹¦ÄܽáºÏÆðÀ´¡£»ìÄýÍÁµÄÓÅÊÆÊÇÄÜÒÔËÜÐÔµÄ״̬·ÅÖ㬲¢Í¨¹ýÄ£°åºÍ¼Ó¹¤¼¼Êõ¸ø³öÐèÒªµÄÐÎ×´ºÍÃܶÈ¡£µ±Â¥ÃæºÍ¶¥ÅïÃæÍê³Éʱ£¬ÔÊÐíÕâЩ¹¹¼þÖîÈçƽÃæ°å»òÆäËûÀàÐ͵İå³äµ±ÊÜÁ¦¹¹¼þ¡£ÀàËƵØ£¬¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁǽ³ýÁËÄֿܵ¹ÖØÁ¦¡¢·ç»òµØÕðºÉÔØÍ⣬»¹ÄÜÌṩ½¨ÖþÉÏÎüÒýÈ˵ÄÍâ¹Û¡£×îºó£¬³ß´çºÍÐÎ×´µÄÑ¡ÔñÓÉÉè¼ÆÕßÀ´¾ö¶¨£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÓɱê×¼ÖÆÔì¹¹¼þµÄ¿ÉµÃÐÔÀ´¾ö¶¨¡£
    Fire Resistance     The structure in a building must withstand the effects of a fire and remain standing£¨Ö±Á¢£©while the building is evacuated£¨³·¿Õ£©and the fire is extinguished£¨Ï¨Ãð£©. A concrete building inherently£¨¹ÌÓеأ©has a 1- to 3-hour fire rating£¨ÄÍ»ðµÈ¼¶£©without special fireproofing £¨·À»ð£©or other details£¨ËµÃ÷£©. Structural steel or timber£¨¸Ö½á¹¹»òľ½á¹¹£© buildings must be fireproofed to attain similar fire ratings.

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    Rigidity     The occupants of a building may be disturbed £¨¸ÉÈÅ£©if their building oscillates£¨Ò¡¶¯£©in the wind or the floors vibrate as people walk by£¨×ß¹ý£©. Due to the greater stiffness and mass£¨¸Õ¶ÈºÍÖÊÁ¿£©of a concrete structure, vibrations are seldom a problem.

    ¸ÕÐÔ   Èç¹û·¿ÎÝÔÚ·çÖÐÒ¡¶¯£¬»òÕßÈËÃÇ×ß¹ýʱµ×°åÕñ¶¯£¬Ôò·¿ÎݵľÓסÕß¿ÉÄܻᱻ¸ÉÈÅ¡£ÓÉÓÚ»ìÄýÍÁ½á¹¹¾ßÓнϴóµÄ¸Õ¶ÈºÍÖÊÁ¿£¬Õñ¶¯ºÜÉÙ³ÉΪÎÊÌâ¡£
    Low Maintenance     Concrete members inherently require less maintenance than do structural steel or timber members £¨½á¹¹¸Ö¹¹¼þ»ò½á¹¹Ä¾¹¹¼þ£©. This is particularly true£¨ÓÈÆäÕýÈ·£©if dense, air-entrained concrete has been used for surfaces exposed to the atmosphere, and if care has been taken in the design to provide adequate drainage off and away £¨Ê¹Ë®Åųö£© from the structure.

    µÍά»¤ÐÔ   »ìÄýÍÁ¹¹¼þ±È½á¹¹¸Ö¹¹¼þ»ò½á¹¹Ä¾¹¹¼þÐèÒªµÄά»¤±¾À´¾ÍÉÙ¡£ÌرðÊǵ±±©Â¶ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖеıíÃæ»ìÄýÍÁ²ÉÓÃÃÜʵµÄ¼ÓÆø»ìÄýÍÁ£¬²¢ÔÚÉè¼ÆÖÐСÐĵØÈÃË®·Ö³ä·ÖµØÅųö½á¹¹Ê±¸üÊÇÈç´Ë¡£
    Availability of Materials      Sand, gravel, cement, and concrete mixing facilities£¨½Á°èÉèÊ©£© are very widely available, and reinforcing steel£¨¸Ö½î£©can be transported to most job sites£¨Ê©¹¤ÏÖ³¡£©more easily than can structural steel£¨½á¹¹¸Ö£©. As a result, reinforced concrete is frequently used in remote areas.

    ²ÄÁϵĿɵÃÐÔ    É°¡¢Ëéʯ£¨Àùʯ£©¡¢Ë®ÄàÒÔ¼°»ìÄýÍÁµÄ½Á°èÉèÊ©¿ÉÒԷdz£¹ã·ºµÄµÃµ½£¬ÇÒ¸Ö½î±È½á¹¹¸Ö¸üÈÝÒ×µØÔËÖÁ¶àÊýÊ©¹¤ÏÖ³¡¡£Òò´Ë£¬¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁ¾­³£ÓÃÔÚÆ«Ô¶µÄÇøÓò¡£
            On the other hand, there are a number of factors that may cause one to select a material other than (..³ýÍ⣬²»ÊÇ..£©reinforced concrete. These include£º

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