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¡¡¡¡Henry VIII was above all responsible for the religious reform of the church. There were three main causes: a desire for change and reform in the church had been growing for many years and now, encouraged by the success of Martin Luther, many people believed its time had come; the privilege and wealth of the clergy were resented; and Henry needed money.
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¡¡¡¡The reform began as a struggle for a divorce and ended in freedom from the Papacy. Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon but the Pope refused. Henry¡¯s reforms was to get rid of the English Church¡¯s connection with the Pope, and to make an independent Church of England. He made this break with Rome gradually between 1529 and 1534. He dissolved all of England¡¯s monasteries and nunneries because they were more loyal to the Pope than to their English kings. The laws such as the Act of succession of 1534 and the Act of Supremacy of 1535 made his reform possible. He established the church of England as the national church of the country, and he made himself the supreme head of the church of England.
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¡¡¡¡Henry VIII¡¯s reform stressed the power of the monarch and certainly strengthened Henry¡¯s position; Parliament had never done such a long and important piece of work before, its importance grew as a result. His attack on the Pope¡¯s power encouraged many critics of abuses of the Catholic Church. England was moving away form Catholicism towards protestaintism.
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