MBAÈëѧӢÓïÔĶÁ100ƪ¾«´â£²Î¿¼ÒëÎļ°´ð°¸ÓëÏê½â(24-1)
ÍøÂç×ÊÔ´ Ãâ·ÑöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØÍø/2009-01-16
Passage Four
A century ago, a cut or even a decayed tooth were
cause for alarm, as they could lead to pneumonia, against
which doctors could only offer home-made cures, crude
surgery or, finally, their prayers. Today, these perils
have been stopped by the medical weapons of the 20th
century--and as a result, man has the potential for living
longer than at any time in history. In the past 100 years,
the life expectancy in a developed country has almost
doubled. Researchers believe the millennium will usher in
the Century ot Biotechnology, as computing power and
knowledge of the genetic code come together.
Here are some of the biggest developments in medicine
that can be expected over the next quartercentury.
I. Diagnosing ailments will be simpler, faster, more
accurate and cheaper, using non-invasive scannets,
teleconferencing and the Internet. Farther down the track--
perhaps 10---15 years-are biochips, which will monitor your
DNA and analyze it for genetic anomalies that could bring
you fatal diseases or have an adverse reaction to certain
drugs. You could then make lifestyle changes enabling you
to avoid exposure to conditions or substances known to
trigger the disease.
2. Advances in molecular biology mean that scientists
now know more than ever about the genetic causes of disease
and how to target them. Over the next decade or so, enzyme
inhibitors and gene therapy will make great inroads against
different kinds of cancer, heart disease and even brain
diseases such as Alzheimer,s. The surgeon of the future may
look back on the present era with the same sense of
distaste as his present counterpart views the blood-soaked
sawbones of the 19th century. In the coming decades,
surgery will be carried out only as a last resort and as
minimally as possible. Robots will help perform long or
tricky operations such as organ transplants. Nano-probes
may be used to clear the arteries free of dangerous plaque
build-ups. Another possibility: microchip implants and
transplants into the central nervous system to help treat
diseases like brain tumors, epilepsy, movement disorders
and stroke.
3. Outbreaks of diseases that previously were localized
have the ability to spread quickly, thanks to modem jet
ravel; a person incubating a new strain of flu in one
continent can take it to another in a matter of hours. In
addition, feeding and housing a population of six billion
has brought alan into closer and closer proximity to
animals and rain forests, exposing humans to viruses
that "leap" the species barrier,such as mad-cow disease and
haemorrhagic fever.
On the other hand, microbiology and epidemiology are
so advanced that scientists can now quickly spot a new
disease (AIDS was detected only three years after it was
first identified) and find out how it is transmitted. This
can help in the development of preventative measures,
although finding a cure or a vaccine are different matters,
as the elusive search for a "silver bullet" against AIDS
has shown. In wealthy western countries, the risk to life
may be lifestyle. Obesity and depression, caused by
excessive eating,loneliness and alienation, may become the
twin biggest causes of death.
1. "usher in" (last sentence, Para. 1 ) probably refers
to_____¡£
[ a ] attend [ B ] lead [ C ] declare [ D ] predict
2. What can we learn from the third paragraph?
[ A ] Non-invasive scanners, teleconferencing and the
Internet will become the only tools in diagnostics.
[ B ] People can recover from their diseases by change
their lifestyle.
[ C ] Fatal diseases brought by genetic anomalies can
be avoided by using biochips.
[ D ] Individual adverse reactions to certain drugs are
predetermined by genes.
3. The author believes that outbreaks of diseases that used
to be confined within a certain region will spread quickly
because
[ A ] modern forms of transportation bring people from
different places into contact very quickly
[ B ] the diseases are not spotted quickly enough
[ C ] finding a vaccine against this disease would be
difficult
[ D ] people are not immune to diseases from another
geographical area
4. Why does the author mention the discovery of AIDS in
the last paragraph?
[A] To give an example of an incurable disease:
¡¡ ¡¡[B]¡¡To illustrate the importance of preventative
methods.
[C] To exemplify a disease prevalent in the wealthy
nations.
[D] To use it as a comparison to quickly spotted
diseases.
[²Î¿¼ÒëÎļ°Öصã´Ê»ãÔÙÏÖ]
Ò»¸öÊÀ¼ÍÒÔǰ£¬Ò»¸öÇÐÉË¿Ú(cut)»òÕßÒ»¿ÅÖûÑÀ(decayed tooth)»áÒýÆðÈËÃǿֻÅ(alarm)£¬ÒòΪËüÃÇ»áÒý·¢·ÎÑ×(pneumonia)£¬¶ø¶ÔÓÚ·ÎÑ×£¬Ò½ÉúÖ»ÄÜÌṩ×ÔÖÆµÄÒ©£¬Ö»ÄÜʵʩ¼òªµÄÊÖÊõ(surgery)£¬»òÕß×îºóÖ»ÄÜÆíµ»(prayer)¡£Èç½ñ£¬¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÒ½ÁÆÆ÷е(medical weapon)ÒѾ¿Ë·þÁËÕâЩΣÏÕ(peril)¡ª¡ªÒò´Ë£¬ÈË¿ÉÄܱÈÀúÊ·ÉÏÈκÎʱÆÚ»îµÄʱ¼ä¶¼³¤¡£¹ýÈ¥Ò»°ÙÄêÀ·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒµÄƽ¾ùÊÙÃü¼¸ºõÔö³¤ÁËÒ»±¶¡£Ñо¿ÈËÔ±ÈÏΪ£ºÐÂǧÄ꽫Ԥʾ×ÅÉúÎ﹤ÒÕѧ(Biotechnology)ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÀ´ÁÙ£¬ÒòΪÈËÃÇÒѾ°Ñ¼ÆËã»úµÄÍþÁ¦ºÍÒÅ´«±àÂë(geneticcode)֪ʶ½áºÏÆðÀ´ÁË¡£
ÏÂÃæÊÇδÀ´¶þÊ®ÎåÄêҽѧ½ç¿ÉÍû»ñµÃµÄһЩ×î´ó³É¾Í£º
Ò»¡¢¼²²¡(ailment)µÄÕï¶Ï(diagnose)½«¸ü¼òµ¥¡¢¸üѸËÙ¡¢¸ü׼ȷÎÞÎ󣬷ÑÓÃÒ²½«¸üµÍ£¬½«Ê¹ÓÃÌåÍâ(non¡ªinvasive)ɨÃèÒÇÆ÷(scanner)£¬½«ÊµÊ©Ô¶³ÌÕï¶ÏºÍÒòÌØÍøÕï¶Ï¡£¸ü½üÒ»µã¡ª¡ªÎ´À´Ê®µ½Ê®ÎåÄ꣬½«»á³öÏÖÉúÎïоƬ(biochip)£¬ÕâЩÉúÎïоƬ½«¼ì²âÄãµÄDNA£¬ÓÐЧµØ·ÖÎö¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÄ㻼ÖÂÃü(fatal)¼²²¡»òÕß¶ÔijЩҩÎïÓв»Á¼·´Ó¦(adversereaction)µÄÒÅ´«±ä̬¡£ÓÚÊÇ£¬Äã¿ÉÒԸıäÉú»îϰ¹ß(1ifestyle)£¬Ê¹Äã±ÜÃⱩ¶(exposure)ÓÚÒÑÖªµÄ¡¢»áÒý·¢(trigger)¼²²¡µÄ»·¾³(condition)ºÍÎïÖÊ(substance)ÖС£
¶þ¡¢·Ö×Ó(molecular)ÉúÎï(biology)ÁìÓòµÄ½ø²½(Advance)Òâζ×Å£º¶ÔÓÚ¼²²¡µÄÒÅ´«ÔÒòÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎÒÔÕâЩÒÅ´«ÔÒòΪĿ±ê(target)£¬Èç½ñµÄ¿ÆÑ§¼ÒÁ˽âµÃ¸ü¶à¡£Î´À´Ê®Äê(decade)×óÓÒ£¬Ã¸(enzyme)ÒÖÖÆÎï(inhibitor)ºÍ»ùÒòÁÆ·¨½«»áÓÐЧµØ¶Ô¸¶(inroad)¸÷ÖÖ°©Ö¢(cancer)¡¢ÐÄÔಡ£¬ÉõÖÁÈçÔçÀÏÐÔ³Õ´ôÖ¢ÕâÑùµÄÄÔ²¿¼²²¡¡£Î´À´µÄÍâ¿ÆÒ½Éú(surgeon)¿ÉÄÜ´ø×ÅͬÑùµÄÑá¶ñ(distaste)¸Ð»Ø¹ËÏÖÔÚÕâ¸öʱ´ú£¬¾ÍÏñËûÏÖÔÚµÄͬÊ¿´´ýÊ®¾ÅÊÀ¼ÍÂúÊÖմѪ(blood¡ªsoaked)µÄÍâ¿ÆÒ½Éú(sawbone)Ò»Ñù¡£Î´À´Ê®Ä꣬×öÍâ¿ÆÊÖÊõÖ»»áÊÇ×îºóµÄÊÖ¶Î(resort)£¬¾¡¿ÉÄܼõÉÙµ½×îµÍ³Ì¶È¡£»úÆ÷È˽«°ïÖúʵʩʱ¼ä³¤»ò¸´ÔÓ(tricky)µÄÊÖÊõ£¬±ÈÈçÆ÷¹Ù(organ)ÒÆÖ²ÊÖÊõ¡£¼«Ï¸Ð¡µÄ̽Õë(Nano¡ªprobe)¿ÉÄÜÓÃÀ´Çå³ý¶¯Âö(artery)ÖеÄÕϰÎÒÔÃâΣÏÕµÄѪС°å(plaquebuild¡ªups)À©³ä¡£ÁíÒ»¸ö¿ÉÄÜÊÇ£º½«Î¢Ð¾Æ¬(microchip)ÒÆÖ²(transplant)µ½ÖÐÊàÉñ¾ÏµÍ³(centralnervoussystem)£¬ÒÔ±ã°ïÖúÖÎÁÆÈçÄÔÁö(braintumor)¡¢ñ²ðï(epilepsy)¡¢¶¯×÷ʧµ÷(disorder)ºÍÖзç(stroke£®)µÈ¼²²¡¡£
Èý¡¢ÓÉÓÚÏÖ´úÅçÆøÊ½·É»úµÄÂÃÐУ¬ÒÔǰµÄ¾Ö²¿ÐÔ(10calized)¼²²¡¿ÉÄÜѸËÙÀ©É¢(spread)£»Ä³ÈËÔÚÒ»¸ö´ó½»¼(incubate)ÁËÒ»ÖÖÐÂÁ÷¸Ð(nu)£¬´óÔ¼¼¸¸öСʱËû¾Í¿ÉÄÜ´«È¾µ½ÁíÒ»¸ö´ó½¡£´ËÍ⣬ΪÁùÊ®ÒÚÈËÌṩʳËÞÒÑʹÈËÀàÔ½À´Ô½±Æ½ü¶¯ÎïºÍÉÁÖ£¬Ê¹ÈËÀ౩¶ÓÚ²¡¶¾£¬ÕâЩ²¡¶¾¿É¡°¿çÔ½¡±(1eap)ÎïèÔ£¬±ÈÈç·èÅ£²¡(mad¡ªCOW)ºÍ³öѪÈÈ(haemorrhagic fever)¡£
ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬΢ÉúÎïѧ(microbiology)ºÍ´«È¾²¡Ñ§(epidemiology)·¢Õ¹·Ç³£Ñ¸ËÙ£¬Èç½ñµÄ¿ÆÑ§¼ÒÄܹ»Ñ¸ËÙ¼ø±ð(spot)Ò»ÖÖм²²¡(°¬×̲¡Ê״α»¼ø¶¨ºóÖ»»¨ÁËÈýÄêµÄʱ¼ä¶ÔËü½øÐмì²â)£¬²¢ÄܲéÃ÷ËüÔò¿É´«È¾(transmit)¡£ÕâÓÐÖúÓÚÍêÉÆÔ¤·À´ëÊ©(preventative measure)£¬¾¡¹ÜÕÒµ½Ò»ÖÖÖÎÁÆÒ©Îï»òÒßÃç(vaccine)ÊÇÁíÒ»»ØÊ£¬¾ÍÏñ̽Ѱ°¬×̲¡µÄ¡°½ðµ¯¡±ÄÇÖÖÁîÈËÀ§»ó(elusive)µÄÑо¿ËùÏÔʾµÄÒ»Ñù¡£ÔÚ¸»Ô£µÄÎ÷·½¹ú¼Ò£¬ÉúÃüÖÐËùðµÄΣÏÕ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÉú»î·½Ê½¡£ÓÉÓÚÒûʳ¹ý¶È(excessive)¡¢¹Â¶ÀºÍ¾«Éñ´íÂÒ(alienation)ËùÒý·¢µÄ·ÊÅÖÖ¢ºÍ¾øÍû¿ÉÄÜÊǵ¼ÖÂËÀÍöµÄÁ½¸ö×î´óÒòËØ¡£
(ÒÔÉÏÓɲܯä¾üÀÏʦ¹©¸å)
(ÒÔÉÏÄÚÈݰæÈ¨¹éÖйúMBAÍøÓµÓУ¬Î´¾Ðí¿É£¬²»µÃ×ªÔØ¡££´ýÐø)
