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Passage Four
¡¡¡¡Human relations have commanded people~ attention from
early times. The ways of people have been recorded in
innumerable myths, folk tales, novels, poems, plays and
philosophical essays. Although the full significance of a
human relationship may not be directly evident, the
complexity of feelings and ac- tions that can be
understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this
reason psychology holds a unique position among the
sciences.
¡¡¡¡"Intuitive" knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and
can significantly help us understand hu-man behavior,
whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge
is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of
scientific physics from our modem world, not only would we
not have cars and television sets, we might even find that
the ordinary person was unable to cope with the
fundamentally mechanical problems of pulleys and levers. On
the other hand, if we removed all knowledge of scientific
psychology from our world, problems in interpersonal
relation might easily be coped with and solved much as
before. We would still "know" how to avoid doing something
asked of us and how to get someone to a-gree with us; we
would still "know" when someone was angry and when someone
was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for
the "whys" of much of the selfs behavior and feelings. In
other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound
understanding of the self and of other people which,though
not formulated or only vaguely conceived, enables one to
interact with others in more or less adap-tive ways.
Kohler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in
psychology as compared with physics,accounts for this by
saying that "people were acquainted with practically all
territories of mental life a long time before the founding
of scientific psychology."
¡¡¡¡Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive,
commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science
of human relations has been one of the last to develop.
Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested.
One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing
illusions people have about them-selves, but we might ask
why people have always loved to read pessimistic, critical
writings, from Eccle-siastics to Freud. It has also been
proposed that just because we know so much about people
intuitively,there has been less incentive for studying them
scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out
systematic observations, or make predictions about the
obvious? In any case, the field of human rela-
tions, with its vast literary documentation but meager
scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of
physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific
books.
1. Which of the following claims supports the author~
statement that psychology holds a unique position a-mong
the sciences?
[ A ] The full significance of a human relationship is
evidently clear.
[ B ] Human feelings and actions are so complex that
hey are not readily coped with and solved.
[ C ] Psychology deals with human relations which can
be understood by commonsense knowledge.
[ D ] Psychology has much in common with physical
sciences with which we are all acquainted.
2. According to this passage, people~ commonsense knowledge
of human relations
[ A] is relatively primitive and is derived much from
physical sciences
[ B ] was considerably more sophisticated than before
the founding of scientific psychology
[ C ] is somewhat limited since it is not formulated or
vaguely conceived
[ D] is so well developed as to understand one~ own and
others behavior and feelings
3. Which of the following conclusions can we NOT draw from
the passage?
[ A ] Commonsense knowledge of human relations is
equally well developed among people withina giv-en society.
[ B ] Intuitive knowledge plays an important part in
understanding human relations.
[ C ] People tend to ignore scientific explanations of
human relations.
[ D ] The knowledge of scientific psychology is not as
important to people as the knowledge of physics.
4. The word "meager"(last sentence, last Para. ) most
probably means
[ A ] poor [ B ] dense [ C ] modest [ D ] proper
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