öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

ÄѾäÒë×¢

1.         However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry.

2.         Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.

3.         Recently researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.

д×÷·½·¨ÓëÎÄÕ´óÒâ

   ÎÄÕÂÂÛÊöÁË¡°¹á´©ÊÆÀÝЧӦ¡±£¬²ÉÓöԱÈÊÖ·¨¡£ÏÈÊǾ­µä»¯Ñ§¶¨ÀíºÍ¹á´©ÊÆÀÝЧӦ֮±È½Ï¡£ËµÃ÷Á½ÕßʹÓõÄζȽçÏÞ²»Í¬¡£µÍÎÂʱ¹á´©ÊÆÀÝЧӦ×÷ÓÃÈ¡´ú¾­µäÁ¦Ñ§¡£×îºó¹á´©ÊÆÀÝÏÖÏóºÍÉú»îÁìÓòÖ®¹Øϵ¡£

´ð°¸Ïé½â

1.        C. ˵Ã÷ÏÖÔÚ»¯Ñ§Ñо¿ÈçºÎÄܺ͸ü¹ã·ºµÄÉúÎïѧÁìÓòÓйØ¡£×îºóÒ»¶Î»ù±¾É϶¼ÊÇ̸ÓëÉú»¯µÄ¹Øϵ¡£¡°¼«µÍÎÂʱµÄ¹á´©ÊÆÀÝÏÖÏóÖ¤Ã÷ÎÒ¶Ôº®ÀäµÄÊ·Ç°ÉúÃüµÄ¼Ù˵£ºÔÚÍâ²ã¿Õ¼ä¼«Æ亮Àä´¦£¬Î¶ÈÒ»°ãÖ»ÓÐKµÄ¼¸¶È¹â¾°£¬ÓÐÏ൱¸´ÔÓµÄÓлú·Ö×ÓÐγÉ¡£ÓîÖæÉäÏß¿ÉÄܼ¤·¢ÖîÈçÐǼʼ×È©µ¥·Ö×ÓÔÚÐǼʳ¾°£µÄÎÚÔÆÖÐ×ۺϡ£ÒԺ󣬸´ÔÓµÄÓлú·Ö×Ó£¬ÂýÂýµÄ£¬µ«Îȶ¨µÄͨ¹ý¹á´©ÊÆÀݵķ½Ê½ÐγÉ¡£¡±ºóÓÖÓÐÁ½Î»»¯Ñ§¼ÒÌá³ö¡°ÐǼʼ×È©·Ö×Óȷʵ½ø»¯ÎªÀàËÆÏËάËغ͵í·ÛµÈ¶àÌÇø¡£¡±ËûÃǵĽáÂÛËäÓÐÕùÒ飬ȴʵÔÚÁîÈËÕñ·Ü£¬ÌرðÊÇÎÄÕÂÖ®×÷Õߣ¬ÒòΪËûÕýÌá³ö¡°¾Þ´óµÄÔÆ¿éÕâЩµØ·½£¬·¢Éú¹ýÉúÃüËù±ØÐëµÄÇ°ÉúÎï½ø»¯»¯ºÏÎï¡£¡±

A. ÃèÊö¾­µä»¯Ñ§¶¨ÀíÈçºÎ·¢Õ¹¡£         B. ¿ªÕ¹Ò»³¡ÓйØÉúÃü½ø»¯ËùÐèµÄÄÇÖÖ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦µÄ±çÂÛ¡£         C. ¸ãÇå³þ¾­µä»¯Ñ§¶¨ÀíËù¹ÌÓеÄÄ£ºýµã¡£

2.        B. Á½Àà·´Ó¦ÖУ¬¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸ö´ÓÒ»¸öÊÆÚåµ×²¿µ½ÁíÒ»¸öÊÆÚåµ×²¿µÄԾǨ¡£¼ûµÚ¶þ¶ÎµÚÈý¾äÆð¡°»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦¸ú·Ö×Ó´ÓÒ»¸öÊÆÚåµÄµ×²¿µ½ÁíÒ»¸öÊÆÚåµÄµ×²¿µÄԾǨÏàÀàËÆ¡£ÔÚ¾­µä»¯Ñ§ÖУ¬ÕâÖÖԾǨֻÓпç¹ýÁ½ÚåÖ®¼äÊÆÀݲÅÄÜÍê³É¡£Î»ÀÝÖ®¸ß¶ÈΪ³£Êý£¨¹Ì¶¨²»±ä£©¡£ÕâÖÖԾǨ½Ð×öÄÜÁ¿»î»¯¡£ÔڹᴩÊÆÀÝЧӦÖÐ×÷·´Ó¦µÄ·Ö×Ó´ÓÒ»¸öÊÆÚåµÄµ×²¿Í¨µ½ÁíÒ»¸öÊÆÚåµ×²¿²»ÐèÒªÉÏÉý¿çÔ½Á½ÚåÖ®¼äµÄλÀÝ¡£¡±

A. Á½Àà·´Ó¦ÖУ¬·´Ó¦ÖеķÖ×Ó¶¼Ðè¿çÔ½Á½Úå¼äµÄÀ¸Õ¤¡£    C. Á½Àà·´Ó¦ÖУ¬·´Ó¦ÖеķÖ×Ó¶¼ÄÜ´©¹ýÁ½ÚåÖ®¼äµÄλÀÝ¡£        D. Á½Àà·´Ó¦ÖУ¬Ã»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÈ¡¾öÓÚÄÜÁ¿»î»¯¡£      ÕâÈýÏ²»¶Ô£¬ ¼ûÉÏÎÄ¡£

3.        C. Óеã¿Ï¶¨¡£ ¼ûµÚ1Ìâ´ð°¸×¢ÊÍÒëÎÄ¡£ÒòΪ֤ʵÁË×÷ÕßÖ®¼ÙÉè¡£

A. ÖÐÁ¢¡£      B. »³ÒɵÄ¡£       D. ·Ç³£Ö§³Ö¡£

4.        A. ÐǼʼ×È©·Ö×Ó¿ÉÒÔ½ø»¯µ½¸´ÔÓµÄÓлú·Ö×Ó¡£¼ûµÚ1ÌâC´ð°¸×¢ÊÍÒëÎÄ¡£

B. ÐǼʼ×È©·Ö×Ó¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¹á´©ÊÆÀÝ·½Ê½¼ÓÒÔ×ۺϡ£      C. ÓîÖæÉäÏß¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó×ۺϸ´ÔÓµÄÓлú·Ö×Ó¡£        D. ´ó¿éÔÆÍÅÊÇÉúÃüËùÐ踴ºÏÎïÇ°ÉúÎï½ø»¯·¢ÉúµÄµØ·½¡£ÕâÈýÏîÒ²¿É´ÓµÚ1ÌâC´ð°¸×¢ÒëÒëÎÄ¿´³öÆä´íÎóµã¡£