µÚÒ»½Ú¡¡´«²¥Ñ§µÄÐËÆð
Ò»¡¢´«²¥Ñ§ÐËÆðǰµÄ´«²¥Ñо¿
1¡¢ÎªÊ²Ã´Òª¿¼²ì´«²¥Ñ§²úÉúǰµÄ´«²¥»î¶¯
ÎÒÃÇ¿¼²ì´«²¥Ñ§²úÉú֮ǰµÄ´«²¥»î¶¯½«¶ÔÎÒÃÇÈÏʶ´«²¥Ñ§µÄÆðÔ´ºÍ·¢Õ¹¼°ÆäѧÊõ´«Í³½«´óÓÐñÔÒæ¡£
2¡¢ÔçÆÚ´«²¥Ñо¿µÄ³É¹û¡£
×îÔçµÄ´«²¥Ñо¿³É¹û¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½¹ÅÏ£À°Ê±ÆÚºÍÎÒ¹úµÄ´ºÇïÕ½¹úʱÆÚ£¬ÈçÑÇÀïÊ¿¶àµÂµÄ¡¶ÐÞ´Çѧ¡·ºÍÎÒ¹úµÄ¡¶ÂÛÓï¡·µÈ£¬ÆäÖв»·¦¾«´ÇµÄÂÛ¶Ï¡£
3¡¢ÔçÆÚÑо¿µÄ²»×ã
µÚËĽڡ¡´«²¥Ñ§µÄµì»ùÈ˼°´´Á¢Õß
1¡¢À˹Τ¶û
À˹Τ¶û£¨1902-1977£©£¬ÃÀ¹úÖøÃûµÄÕþÖμң¬Ëû¶Ô´«²¥Ñ§µÄ¹±Ï×¼¯ÖÐÔÚÐû´«·ÖÎöºÍ´«²¥¹ý³ÌÑо¿£¬Ìá³ö¡°5W¡±Ä£Ê½£º
ËÔÚ´«²¥¡ª¡ª¿ØÖÆ·ÖÎö
´«²¥Ê²Ã´¡ª¡ªÄÚÈÝ·ÖÎö
ͨ¹ýʲôÇþµÀ´«²¥¡ª¡ªÃ½½é·ÖÎö
ÏòË´«²¥¡ª¡ª¶ÔÏó·ÖÎö
´«²¥Ð§¹ûÈçºÎ¡ª¡ªÐ§¹û·ÖÎö
2¡¢Â¬Òò
¿â¶ûÌØ¡¤Â¬Òò£¨1890-1949£©£¬ÃÀ¼®µÂ¹úÐÄÀíѧ¼Ò£¬¡°³¡ÂÛ¡±¡¢ÈºÌ嶯Á¦ÂÛ¡°µÄ¿ª´´Õß¡£
µÚ¶þÕ¡¡´«²¥ÂÛ
µÚÒ»½Ú¡¡´«²¥
Ò»¡¢´«²¥µÄº¬Òå
1¡¢´«²¥µÄÎÄ×ÖÆðÔ´
¾à½ñ1400Äêǰ£¬¡¶±±Ê·¡£Í»ØÊ´«¡·ÖС°´«²¥ÖÐÍ⣬ÏÌʹ֪ÎÅ¡±¡£Ó¢ÓïÖС°communication¡±Ô´ÓÚÀ¶¡ÓÔÒåΪ¡°·ÖÏí¡±¡¢¡°¹²ÓС±¡£¡°´«²¥¡±µÄ»ù±¾ÄÚºÊÇÐÅÏ¢µÄÁ÷¶¯¡£
2¡¢´«²¥Ñ§Õß¶Ô´«²¥µÄ¶¨Òå
ÐìÒ«¿ý£º¡°´«²¥¾ÍÊÇÈËÃǽøÐÐÐÅÏ¢½»Á÷µÄÒ»Öֻ¡£¡±
ÕŹúÁ¼£º¡°´«²¥£¬¼´£º´«ÊÚÐÅÏ¢µÄÐÐΪ£¨»ò¹ý³Ì£©¡£¡±
Î÷·½Ñ§Õß¶Ô¡°´«²¥¡±µÄ¶¨ÒåÖÚ˵·×ç¡£¬ËûÃÇ´Ó¹²Ïí¡¢»¥¶¯¹ØÏµ¡¢·ûºÅÒÔ¼°Ä¿µÄ¡¢Ó°Ïì¡¢·´Ó¦µÈÖî¶à·½Ãæ¶Ô´«²¥ÏÂÁ˶¨Òå¡£
±¾Êé×÷ÕßÈÏΪ£º´«²¥£¬¾ÍÊÇÐÅÏ¢µÄÁ÷¶¯¹ý³Ì¡£
µÚÈýÕ¡¡´«²¥²ÄÁÏÂÛ
µÚÒ»½Ú¡¡ÐÅÏ¢
Ò»¡¢ÐÅÏ¢¼°ÆäʵÖÊ
1¡¢¼¸ÖÖ¶ÔÐÅÏ¢µÄ½ç¶¨
£¨1£©ÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÈËÃǶÔÊÂÎïÁ˽âµÄ²»È·¶¨ÐÔµÄÁ¿¶È£¬Òò´Ë£¬½«ÐÅÏ¢¿´×÷ÊDz»È·¶¨ÐԵļõÉÙ»òÏû³ý¡£
£¨2£©ÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ¿ØÖÆÏµÍ³½øÐе÷½Ú»î¶¯Ê±£¬ÓëÍâ½çÏ໥×÷Óã¬Ï໥½»»»µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£
£¨3£©ÐÅÏ¢×÷ΪÊÂÎïµÄÁªÏµ¡¢±ä»¯¡¢²îÒìµÄ±íÏÖ¡£
£¨4£©ÐÅÏ¢±íÏÖÁËÎïÖʺÍÄÜÁ¿ÔÚʱ¼ä¡¢¿Õ¼äÉϵIJ»¾ùÔÈ·Ö²¼¡£
£¨5£©ÐÅÏ¢ÊÇϵͳµÄ×éÖ¯³Ì¶È£¬ÓÐÐò³Ì¶È¡£
£¨6£©ÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÓÉÎïÁ¦ÔØÌåÓëÓïÒå¹¹³ÉµÄͳһÌå¡£
2¡¢´«²¥Ñ§ËùÖ¸µÄÐÅÏ¢ÊǾ«Éñ²úÎËüÊÇÓÃÒÔ¼õÉÙ»òÕßÏû³ý²»Îȶ¨ÐÔµÄÈκÎÊÂÎï¡£
µÚËÄÕ¡¡´«²¥¹ý³ÌÂÛ
µÚÒ»½Ú¡¡´«²¥¹ý³Ì
Ò»¡¢ÃÀ¹ú´«²¥Ñ§¼ÒD.²®ÂåµÄ´«²¥¹ý³Ì¹Ûµã
