öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

¶þ¡¢    ·¨¶Ô·¨ÂÉÄâÖÆÈ˵ÄЧÁ¦   Á˽⼴¿É
µÚÎåÕ    ·¨Âɹ淶
µÚÒ»½Ú    ·¨Âɹ淶
Ò»¡¢    ·¨Âɹ淶Óë·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄ¸ÅÄî±æÎö
·¨Âɹ淶Êǹú¼ÒÖƶ¨»ØÈϿɵĹØÓÚÈËÃǵÄÐÐΪ»ò»î¶¯µÄÃüÁî¡¢ÔÊÐíºÍ½ûÖ¹µÄÒ»Öֹ淶¡£
·¨ÂɹæÔòÊÇÖ¸ÒÔÒ»¶¨µÄÂß¼­½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¾ßÌå¹æ¶¨ÈËÃǵķ¨ÂÉȨÀû¡¢·¨ÂÉÒåÎñ¼°ÆäÏàÓ¦µÄ·¨Âɺó¹ûµÄÒ»ÖÖ·¨Âɹ淶¡£
¡÷    ¿¼·¨£ºÑ¡ÔñÌâ
¶þ¡¢    ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÂß¼­½á¹¹
ÕâÊDZ¾ÕµÄÖØÖÐÖ®ÖØ£¬ÊDZØÐëÕÆÎÕµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£¸´Ï°Ê±Ó¦µ±ÌرðÁôÒâÊéÖÐËù¾ÙµÄÀý×Ó¡£
£¨Ò»£©    ¼Ù¶¨
£¨¶þ£©    ÐÐΪģʽ
ÐÐΪģʽ¾ÍÊÇÉ趨¾ßÌåµÄȨÀûÒåÎñ£¬ÊDz»¿ÉÊ¡ÂԵIJ¿·Ö¡£·ÖΪÈýÖÖģʽ£º¿ÉΪģʽ¡¢Ó¦ÎªÄ£Ê½¡¢ÎðΪģʽ¡£ÐÐΪģʽʹ·¨Âɹ淶¾ßÓÐÆÕ±éÐÔ»ò¸ÅÀ¨ÐÔ¡£
£¨Èý£©    ·¨Âɺó¹û
·¨Âɺó¹ûÊÇ·¨ÂɹæÔò¶ÔÈËÃÇÐÐΪµÄ̬¶È£¬ÊÇÈËÃÇ×ñÊØ»òÎ¥·´·¨ÂɹæÔòÖй涨µÄÐÐΪģʽËù²úÉúµÄºó¹û¡£·¨Âɺó¹ûʹ·¨Âɹ淶¾ßÓÐÓÐЧÐÔ¡£
Èý¡¢    ·¨ÂɹæÔòÓë·¨ÂÉÌõÎĵĹØϵ
¶ÔÓÚ·¨ÂɹæÔò±ØÐë´ÓÂß¼­ÒâÒåÉÏÀ´½âÊÍ£¬Çв»¿É½«·¨ÂɹæÔòºÍ·¨ÂÉÌõÎĵÈͬ¡£·¨ÂɹæÔòÖбØÐë°üº¬¼Ù¶¨¡¢ÐÐΪģʽ¡¢·¨Âɺó¹û£¬ÈýÕßȱһ²»¿É¡£·¨ÂÉÌõÎÄÒ»°ã¶øÑÔÊDZíÏÖ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄ¡£·¨ÂɹæÔòÊÇ·¨µÄÄÚÈݵķ¶³ë£¬¶ø·¨ÂÉÌõÎÄÊÇ·¨µÄÐÎʽµÄ·¶³ë¡£ÁíÍ⻹Ðè˵Ã÷µÄÊÇ£¬Óеķ¨ÂÉÌõÎÄÖ»ÊÇÐûʾ»òÐûÑÔÐÔµÄÌõ¿î£¬²¢²»°üº¬·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÒòËØ¡£
ËÄ¡¢    ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÖÖÀà
ÕâÒ»²¿·ÖÊÇÿÄê·¨Àí±Ø¿¼µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÇÒ³öÌⷽʽΪ·ÖÎö¸ø³ö·¨Ìõ£¬²¢ÇÒºÜÓпÉÄÜÊǺͷ¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÂß¼­·ÖÎö½áºÏÆðÀ´³öÌâ¡£ËùÒÔ¸´Ï°Ê±Òª×¢ÒâÊéÖÐËù¾Ù³öµÄÀý×Ó£¬²¢ÕÒ³öÆä¹æÂÉÐÔ¡£
£¨Ò»£©    ÊÚȨÐÔ¹æÔòºÍÒåÎñÐÔ¹æÔò
ÊÚȨÐÔ¹æÔòºÍÒåÎñÐÔ¹æÔòµÄ»®·ÖʵÖÊÉÏÊǸù¾Ý·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÐÐΪģʽµÄÄÚÈݵIJ»Í¬¶ø»®·ÖµÄ¡£
   ÊÚȨÐÔ¹æÔòµÄÐÐΪģʽ²¿·ÖÒ»°ãÊÇ“¿ÉΪģʽ”£¬¾ßÌå°üÀ¨¿ÉΪ»ò²»¿ÉΪһ¶¨ÐÐΪ£¬»¹°üÀ¨ÒªÇóËûÈËΪ»ò²»ÎªÒ»¶¨ÐÐΪ£¬Ò»°ã˵À´ÈÎÒâÐÔ¹æÔò¶¼ÊÇÊÚȨ¹æÔò£¬Ëü°üÀ¨ÈçÏÂÌØÕ÷£º¿ÉÑ¡ÔñÐÔºÍ×ÔÖ÷È·¶¨ÐÔ¡£´Ó×ÖÃæÉÏÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔ×÷³öÈçÏÂÀí½â£ºÊÚÓèÈËÃÇÒ»¶¨µÄȨÀû¡£
   ÒåÎñÐÔ¹æÔòµÄÐÐΪģʽ²¿·ÖÒ»°ã“ÎðΪģʽ”ºÍ“Ó¦ÊÔģʽ”£¬ÓÐÁ½ÖÖÇé¿ö£º£¨1£©ÃüÁîÐÔ¹æÔò£¬¼´±ØÐëΪһ¶¨ÐÐΪ£¨×÷Ϊ£©£»£¨2£©½ûÖ¹ÐÔ¹æÔò£¬¼´²»µÃ»ò²»×¼ÎªÒ»¶¨ÐÐΪ£¨²»×÷Ϊ£©
£¨¶þ£©    È·¶¨ÐÔ¹æÔò¡¢Î¯ÈÎÐÔ¹æÔòºÍ×¼ÓÃÐÔ¹æÔò
È·¶¨ÐÔ¹æÔò¼´Ã÷È·¹æ¶¨ÁËÐÐΪģʽµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬¿ÉÖ±½Ó×öΪËßËÏÖеIJÃÅÐÒÀ¾Ý¡£ËùÓеÄÒåÎñÐÔ¹æÔò¶¼ÊÇÈ·¶¨µÄ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬·²ÊÇÒåÎñÐÔ¹æÔò¶¼ÊÇÈ·¶¨ÐÔ¹æÔò¡£
ίÈÎÐÔ¹æÔò£¬Ôڽ̿ÆÊéP109µÄ±íÊöΪ£¬Î¯ÈÎÐÔ¹æÔòÊÇָûÓÐÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨ÐÐΪ¹æÔòµÄÄÚÈÝ……¡£Î¯ÈÎÐÔ¹æÔò·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖ£¬Ò»ÊÇÁ¢·¨ÐÔίÈΣ¬ÈçÊéÖÐËù¾ÙÀý×Ó¡£¶þÊÇ˾·¨ÐÔίÈΣ¬Æäʵ¼ÊÉϱí´ïµÄÊÇ×ÔÓɲÃÁ¿È¨¡£
×¼ÓÃÐÔ¹æÔò£¬P109£¬Åж¨Ä³Ò»·¨ÂɹæÔòÊÇ·ñÊôÓÚ×¼ÓÃÐÔ¹æÔò¡£¹Ø¼üÔÚÓÚ¿´·¨ÌõÖÐÓÐÎÞ“²ÎÕÕ”¡¢“Ô®ÓÔ»ò“ÒÀ¾Ý”µÈ×ÖÑù¡£
£¨Èý£©    ¿ØÖÆÐÔ¹æÔòºÍ¹¹³ÉÐÔ¹æÔò
µÚ¶þ½Ú    ·¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò
Ò»¡¢    ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄº¬Òå
1¡¢    ¶¨Òå¡£P109—110
¶þ¡¢    ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄÖÖÀà
£¨Ò»£©    ¹«ÀíÐÔÔ­ÔòºÍÕþ²ßÐÔÔ­Ôò  £¨Ò»°ãÁ˽⣩
£¨¶þ£©    »ù±¾Ô­ÔòºÍ¾ßÌåÔ­Ôò
Çø±ð£º£¨¶àÑ¡£©
1¡¢    ¾ßÌåÔ­ÔòÒÔ»ù±¾Ô­ÔòΪ»ù´¡£»2¡¢¾ßÌåÔ­ÔòÔÚ»ù±¾Ô­ÔòµÄÖ¸µ¼ÏÂÊÊÓã»3¡¢»ù±¾Ô­ÔòÌåÏÖ·¨µÄ»ù±¾¾«Éñ£¬ÔÚ¼ÛÖµÉϱȾßÌåÔ­Ôò¸üÖØÒª£»4¡¢ÔÚÊÊÓ÷¶Î§ÉÏ»ù±¾Ô­Ôò¸üΪ¹ã·º¡£
£¨Èý£©    ʵÌåÐÔÔ­ÔòºÍ³ÌÐòÐÔÔ­Ôò  P112
Èý¡¢    ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòÓë·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÇø±ð
£¨Ò»£©    ÔÚÐÔÖÊÉϲ»Í¬
·¨ÂɹæÔòÊÇÈ·¶¨ÐÔµÄÃüÁ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòÊÇ×î¼Ñ»¯µÄÃüÁî¡£
£¨¶þ£©    ÔÚÊÊÓ÷¶Î§Éϲ»Í¬
£¨Èý£©    ÔÚ³õʼÌØÐÔÉϲ»Í¬
£¨ËÄ£©    ¹æÔòµÄ³åÍ»ÓëÔ­Ôò¾ºÕùµÄ½â¾ö·½Ê½²»Í¬
ËÄ¡¢       ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄ¹¦ÄÜ  £¨ Ò»°ãÁ˽⣩
Îå¡¢    ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄÊÊÓÃÌõ¼þºÍ·½Ê½
£¨Ò»£©    ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄÊÊÓÃÌõ¼þ
1¡¢    Óþ¡·¨ÂɹæÔò£¬·½µÃÊÊÓ÷¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò
2¡¢    ³ý·ÇΪÁËʵÏÖ¸ö°¸ÕýÒ壬·ñÔò²»µÃÉáÆú·¨ÂɹæÔò¶øÖ±½ÓÊÊÓ÷¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò
£¨¶þ£©    ·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄÊÊÓ÷½Ê½
·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÊÊÓ÷½Ê½ÊǺ­É㣨¿¼Éú¿ÉÒÔÀí½âΪ“Èý¶ÎÂÛ”µÄ·½Ê½£©
·¨ÂÉÔ­ÔòµÄÊÊÓ÷½Ê½ÊǺâÁ¿
µÚÁùÕ        ·¨ÂÉÌåϵ
µÚÒ»½Ú    ·¨ÂÉÌåϵÓë·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵĸÅÄî
Ò»¡¢    ·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ¸ÅÄî  P120
£¨Ò»£©¿¼µã£º1¡¢¹ú¼Ê·¨ÔÚ·¨ÂÉÌåϵÖеĵØλÈçºÎ£¿
      2¡¢·¨Âɹ淶¡¢·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ¡¢·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ¹ØϵÈçºÎ£¿¹¹³É·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ»ù±¾µ¥Î»ÊÇ·¨Âɲ¿ÃŶø²»ÊÇ·¨Âɹ淶£¬¶ø·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅÊÇÓÉ·¨ÂÉ·¶Î§¹¹³ÉµÄ¡£
      3¡¢·¨Âɲ¿Ãź͹淶ÐÔ·¨ÂÉÎļþÊÇʲô¹Øϵ£¿£¨Öص㣩
NOTE£º1¡¢Á¢·¨ÌåϵÊÇÒ»¹úµÄ¹æ·¶ÐÔÎļþÌåϵ
       2¡¢·¨ÂÉÌåϵÓëÁ¢·¨ÌåϵÊÇÄÚÈݺÍÐÎʽµÄ¹Øϵ£¬Á¢·¨ÌåϵÊÇ·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ±í´ïÐÎʽ£¬·¨ÂÉÌåϵÊÇÁ¢·¨ÌåϵµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£
       3¡¢½Ì²ÄP124—125 Ò³£¬Öصã³öÌâ´¦¡£
£¨¶þ£©ÌØÕ÷¼´¸ÅÄîµÄÕ¹¿ª  £¨Ð¡Ìâ³öÌâ´¦£©
£¨Èý£©·¨ÂÉÌåϵÓ뷨ϵ¡¢Á¢·¨ÌåϵºÍ·¨Ñ§ÌåϵµÄÇø±ð   £¨Ð¡Ìâ³öÌâ´¦£©
P121£º1¡¢·¨ÂÉÌåϵÓëÁ¢·¨ÌåϵµÄÇø±ðºÍÁªÏµ
A¡¢    ´Ó¸ù±¾ÉÏ˵¶¼ÊÇ·¨Âɹ淶µÄ×éºÏ£¬Ö»²»¹ýÁ¢·¨ÌåϵעÖصÄÊÇ·¨µÄÐÎʽ£¬¶ø·¨ÂÉÌåϵעÖصÄÊÇ·¨µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£
B¡¢    µ±Á¢·¨ÌåϵÊÇ·¨µäʽµÄ·¨µÄÐÎʽʱ£¬Ëüͬ·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ·¨Âɲ¿Ãŵ÷ÕûµØÉç»á¹ØϵÊÇһֵġ£ÈçÃñ·¨µä»á³ÉΪµ÷ÕûÃñÊ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÃñÊ·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵÄÖ÷ÒªÔØÌ壬ÐÌ·¨µä»á³ÉΪµ÷ÕûÐÌÊ·¨ÂɵÄÐÌÊ·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵÄÖ÷ÒªÔØÌå¡£
2¡¢ ·¨ÂÉÌåϵºÍÁ¢·¨ÌåϵµÄÇø±ð
A¡¢Á¢·¨ÌåϵµÄ×é³ÉÒªËØÊÇ·¨µÄÔ¨Ô´¼´·¨µÄÍâÔÚ±íÏÖÐÎʽ£¬ËüÊÇÒԹ淶ÐÔ·¨ÂÉÎļþµÄ²»Í¬·ÖÀà×éºÏ¶øÐγɵÄÒ»¸öͳһÌåϵ£º¶ø·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ×é³ÉÒªËØÊÇ·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¬ÒÔ·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵķÖÀà×éºÏ¶øÐγɵÄÒ»¸öÓлúÁªÏµµÄͳһÕûÌå¡£
B¡¢Á¢·¨ÌåϵÊÇÒÔ¸÷ÖÖ·¨Âɹ淶µÄÖƶ¨»ú¹ØÔÚÕû¸ö¹ú¼Ò·¨ÂÉ´´ÖÆÖеĵØλ¼°Óë´ËÏàÁªÏµµÄ·¨Âɹ淶µÄЧÁ¦·¶Î§ºÍЧÁ¦µÈ¼¶Îª·ÖÀà×éºÏ±ê×¼£¬¶ø·¨ÂÉÌåϵÔòÊÇ°´ÕÕ·¨Âɹ淶Ëùµ÷ÕûµÄ²»Í¬Éç»á¹ØϵºÍ²»Í¬µ÷Õû·½·¨×÷Ϊ»®·Ö¸ÃÌåϵµÄ×é³ÉÒªËØ——·¨Âɲ¿Ãŵıê×¼¡£
C¡¢Á¢·¨Ìåϵ²àÖØÓÚ·¨µÄµ÷ÕûµÄÍâÔÚÐÎʽ£¬¶ø·¨ÂÉÌåϵ²àÖØÓÚ·¨µÄµ÷ÕûµÄÄÚÔÚÄÚÈÝ¡£½²µ½Á¢·¨Ìåϵ£¬Ó¦¸ÃÏëµ½µÄÊÇÏÜ·¨¡¢·¨ÂÉ¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨¹æ¡¢µØ·½ÐÔ·¨¹æµÈµÈ·¨µÄ²»Í¬µÄÍⲿÐÎʽµÄ×éºÏ£¬¶ø½²µ½·¨ÂÉÌåϵ£¬Ó¦Ïëµ½ÊÇÐÌ·¨¡¢Ãñ·¨¡¢¾­¼Ã·¨¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨µÈµÄ×éºÏ¡£
£¨ËÄ£©·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄÐγɼ°Ñо¿µÄÒâÒå
1¡¢·¨ÂÉÌåϵÐγɵÄÌØÕ÷2¡¢Ñо¿·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄÖØÒªÒâÒå
¶þ¡¢·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵĸÅÄî
£¨Ò»£©·¨Âɲ¿Ãŵĺ¬ÒåºÍÌص㣨¶þ£©·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵĻ®·Ö±ê×¼
µÚ¶þ½Ú   µ±´úÖйúµÄ·¨ÂÉÌåϵ
Ò»¡¢µ±´úÖйúµÄÖ÷Òª·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ
    ¹¹³ÉÖйú·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¬ÔÚÖйú·¨Àíѧ½çÎÞͳһµÄ˵·¨¡£ËùÒÔÕⲿ·ÖÄÚÈÝÒÀ½Ì²Ä¹Ûµã£¨Ò»£©ÏÜ·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ¡¢£¨¶þ£©ÃñÉÌ·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¨Èý£©ÐÐÕþ·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¨ËÄ£©¾­¼Ã·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¨Î壩Éç»á·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¨Áù£©ÐÌ·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¨Æߣ©ËßËÏÓë·ÇËßËϳÌÐò·¨²¿ÃÅ¡£¶ÔÉÏÊöÄÚÈÝÒªÓÐÁ˽⣬ÓÐÖúÓÚ¶Ô·¨Ñ§ÀíÂÛÌåϵµÄ°ÑÎÕ¡£
¿ÉÄܳöÏֵēÌâÑÛ”
¨Œ¨Œ1¡¢ÏÜ·¨=ÏÜ·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¿·ñ¡£ºóÕß°üÈÝÇ°Õß¡£ÏÜ·¨Ö¸µÄÊÇ¡¶ÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹úÏÜ·¨¡·¡£ÏÜ·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨ÏÂÁÐÎļþ£º
£¨1£©ÏÜ·¨·¨µäºÍÏÜ·¨ÐÞÕý°¸£¨2£©¹ØÓÚ¹ú¼ÒÏóÕ÷¡¢¹ú¼Ò»ú¹ØµÄ×éÖ¯¡¢Ö°È¨¼°Æä»î¶¯³ÌÐòµÄ·¨ÂÉ£¬°üÀ¨¹úÆì·¨¡¢¹ú»Õ·¨¡¢È«¹úÈËÃñ´ú±í´ó»á×éÖ¯·¨¡¢¹úÎñÔº×éÖ¯·¨¡¢ÈËÃñ·¨Ôº×éÖ¯·¨µÈ£¨3£©Ñ¡¾Ù·¨£¨4£©Á¢·¨ÊÚȨ·¨£¨5£©µØ·½×ÔÖη¨¹æ£¨6£©¹ØÓÚÈËÃñ»ù±¾È¨ÀûµÄÁ¢·¨£¨7£©[¸Ãµã·Ç³£ÖØÒªÔڽ̿ÆÊéÖв¢Ã»ÓÐÌá¼°]£¬Óйعú¼ÒÐÐΪºÍ¹«ÃñȨÀûµÄ¹ú¼ÊÌõÔ¼£¬ÕâÀàÌõÔ¼£¬°üÀ¨1981Äê²Î¼ÓµÄ¡¶Ïû³ýÒ»ÇÐÐÎʽÖÖ×åÆçÊÓ¹ú¼Ê¹«Ô¼¡·£¬1980ÄêÅú×¼µÄ¡¶Ïû³ý¶Ô¸¾Å®Ò»ÇÐÐÎʽÆçÊÓ¹«Ô¼¡·¡¢1986ÄêÇ©ÊðµÄ¡¶½ûÖ¹¿áÐ̺ÍÆäËû²ÐÈÌ¡¢²»È˵À»òÓÐÈèÈ˸ñµÄ´ýÓö»ò´¦·£¹«Ô¼¡·¡¢1987ÄêÅú×¼µÄ¡¶µÚ159ºÅ²Ð¼²ÈËÖ°Òµ¿µ¸´ºÍ¾ÍÒµ¹«Ô¼¡·¡¢1996ÄêÇ©ÊðµÄ¡¶¾­¼Ã¡¢Éç»á¡¢ÎÄ»¯È¨Àû¹ú¼Ê¹«Ô¼¡·¡¢1998ÄêÇ©ÊðµÄ¡¶¹«ÃñȨÀû¼°ÕþÖÎȨÀû¹ú¼Ê¹«Ô¼¡·µÈ£¬×¢Òⲿ·Ö¹ú¼Ê·¨ÔÚ¹úÄÚ·¨ÂÉÌåϵÖеĵØλ¡£
¨Œ¨Œ2¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨·¨Âɲ¿ÃźÍÐÐÕþ·¨¹æÊǽ»²æ¹Øϵ¡£
×¢Ò⣺×÷Ϊ·¨Âɲ¿ÃŵÄÐÐÕþ·¨ÊÇÓɸ÷ÖÖЧÁ¦µÈ¼¶µÄ¹ØÓÚ¹ú¼ÒÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯¡¢ÐÐΪ¡¢¾È¼ÃµÄ·¨ÂɹæÔòÓëÔ­Ôò×é³É£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÀ´×Ô¶àÖÖ·¨Ô´£º·¨ÂÉ¡¢ÐÐÕþ·¨¹æ¡¢¹æÕÂÐÔÎļþ¡¢´ÎÒªµÄ·¨Ô´µÈ¡£¶øÐÐÕþ·¨¹æÊǹúÎñÔºÖƶ¨µÄ¹æ·¶ÐÔÎļþ£¬ÆäÖоø´ó²¿·ÖÊÇÐÐÕþ·¨£¬µ«Ò²ÓÐÊôÃñ·¨ºÍ»·¾³·¨µÈÆäËû·¨Âɲ¿ÃÅ£¬¹Ê¶þÕßÊǽ»²æ¹Øϵ¡£
¶þ¡¢“Ò»¹úÁ½ÖÆ”Óëµ±´úÖйú·¨ÂÉÌåϵµÄ»®·ÖÎÊÌâ¡£¸Ã²¿·Ö²»¿ÉÄܳöÌâ¡£
µÚÆßÕ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÓë·¨ÂÉÒâʶ
µÚÒ»½Ú ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ
·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊÇ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÒ»ÖÖ£¬¸Ã²¿·ÖÄÚÈݿɽáºÏµÚ°ËÕ·¨ÂɹØϵµÚÎå½Ú¸´Ï°¡£
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄº¬ÒåÓëÌØÕ÷
£¨Ò»£©·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄº­Òå[1997¡¢2000¡¢2005]
·¨ÀíѧÖз¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊÇÀ´×ÔÓÚÃñ·¨£¬µ«ÓÖ²»Í¬ÓÚÃñ·¨¡£
·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊÇÖ¸ÈËÃÇËùʵʩµÄÒ»ÇоßÓз¨ÂÉÒâÒåµÄÐÐΪ¡£ÕâÖÖÐÐΪÊÇÈËÃÇËùʵʩµÄÒ»ÇоßÓз¨ÂÉÒâÒåµÄÐÐΪ¡£ÕâÖÖÐÐΪÊÇÈËÃÇËùʵʩµÄÄܹ»·¢Éú·¨ÂÉÉϵÄЧÁ¦£¬²úÉúÒ»¶¨·¨ÂÉЧ¹ûµÄÐÐΪÏÖÏóµÄ×ܳÆ¡££¨1997Äê¡¢2000Äê·¨ÀíѧöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ¿ÎÃû´Ê½âÊÍ£©£¬ÔÚ´«Í³Ãñ·¨Öз¨ÂÉÐÐΪָºÏ·¨µÄ±íÒâÐÐΪ£¬ÔÚÎÒ¹úÃñ·¨Ñ§½ç¶Ô·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄ¹Ûµã·ÖÁ½ÅÉ£ºÒ»¡¢ÊÍ·¨ÅÉ£¨ÓëÃñ·¨Í¨Ôò±£³ÖÒ»Ö£©£¬ÈÏΪÃñÊ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊǹ«Ãñ»òÕß·¨ÈËÉèÁ¢¡¢±ä¸ü¡¢ÖÕÖ¹ÃñÊÂȨÀûºÍÃñÊÂÒåÎñµÄºÏ·¨ÐÐΪ¡£¶þ¡¢Ñ§ÀíÅÉÈÏΪÃñÊÂÖ÷Ìå»ùÓÚÒâ˼±íʾ£¬ÉèÁ¢¡¢±ä¸üºÍÖÕÖ¹ÃñÊ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÐÐΪ¡£
ËùÒÔ·¨ÀíÖеķ¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊÇ°ÑÃñ·¨Öеķ¨ÂÉÐÐΪ°üÀ¨ÔÚÄڵġ£
£¨¶þ£©·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄÌØÕ÷£¨Çø±ðÓÚÃñ·¨µÄ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ£©
1¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊǾßÓÐÉç»áÐÔµÄÐÐΪ£¬Óֳƽ»ÉæÐÔ¡£
2¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊǾßÓз¨ÂÉÐÔµÄÐÐΪ¡£
3¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÊǾßÓÐÒâÖ¾ÐÔµÄÐÐΪ¡£
£¨Èý£©·¨ÂÉÐÐΪºÍÆäËûÐÐΪ£¨·Ç·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ£©
·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÔÚÕâÀïÊÇÖÐÐÔ´Ê£¬Î¥·¨ÐÐΪÊÇ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪÂ𣿻شðÊǿ϶¨µÄ£¬·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪºÏ·¨ÐÐΪºÍÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪ£¨Ïê¼û·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄ·ÖÀࣩ¡£ÕâÀï·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄÉÏλ¸ÅÄîÊÇÐÐΪ¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄ½á¹¹£¨¸ÅÒªÕÆÎÕ£©
Èý¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄ·ÖÀࣨСÌ⣩
×¢ÒâºÏ·¨ÐÐΪÊÇ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄÒ»ÖÖ¡£
·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄ¸ÅÄ1997Äê¡¢2000Äê·¨ÀíѧöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ¿ÎÃû´Ê½âÊÍ£©
·¨ÂÉÐÐΪµÄÌØÕ÷£¨2002Äê·¨ÀíѧöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔؿμò´ðÌ⣩
ÐÐΪÒâ˼µÄ¸ÅÄ2002Äê·¨ÀíѧöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ¿ÎÃû´Ê½âÊÍ£©
ºÏ·¨ÐÐΪµÄ¸ÅÄ1998Äê·¨Àíѧ×ۺϿÎÃû´Ê½âÊÍ£©
µÚ¶þ½Ú·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£¨2001ÄêÑ¡ÔñÌ⣩
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂÉÒâʶµÄº¬Òå¡¢½á¹¹¼°ÐγÉ
·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£ºÊÇÈËÃǹØÓÚÕû¸ö·¨ÂÉÏÖÏó£¨ÌرðÊÇÏÖÐз¨£©µÄ¹Ûµã¸Ð¾õ¡¢Ì¬¶È¡¢ÐÅÄîºÍ˼ÏëµÄ×ܳÆ¡£
´ÓÈÏʶ¹ý³Ì¿´£¬·¨ÂÉÒâʶÔڽṹÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ£¨·¨ÂÉÐÄÀí£©ºÍ£¨·¨ÂÉ˼Ï룩Á½¸öÈÏʶ½×¶Î»òÈÏʶ²ã´Î¡£
·¨ÂÉÒâʶµÄÐγÉÐèÒª´ÓÖ÷¹ÛºÍ¿Í¹ÛÁ½¸ö·½ÃæÀ´¿¼²ì¡£¼û½Ì²ÄµÚ143Ò³¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂÉÒâʶµÄ·ÖÀà
1¡¢´ÓÒâʶµÄÖ÷Ìå³ö·¢£¬¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ£¨¸öÈË·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©¡¢£¨ÈºÌå·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©ºÍ£¨Éç»á·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©ÈºÌå·¨ÂÉÒâʶºÍÉç»á·¨ÂÉÒâʶÓкÎÇø±ð£¿
2¡¢ÒÀ¾ÝÏÖ´úÐÔΪ±ê×¼£¬¿ÉÒÔ½«·¨ÂÉÒâʶ·ÖΪ£¨´«Í³·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©¡¢£¨ÏÖ´ú·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©ºÍ£¨ºóÏÖ´ú·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©
3¡¢ÒÀ¾ÝÊÇ·ñ´ÓÊ·¨ÂÉְҵΪ¸ù¾Ý£¬¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ·¨ÂÉÒâʶ·ÖΪ£¨·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµÕߵķ¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©ºÍ£¨·Ç·¨ÂÉÖ°ÒµÕߵķ¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©
4¡¢°´ÕÕ²»Í¬Ö÷ÌåÔÚÉç»áÕþÖÎÉú»îÖеĵØλ²»Í¬£¬¿ÉÒÔ½«·¨ÂÉÒâʶ·ÖΪ£¨Õ¼Í³ÖεØλµÄ·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©ºÍ£¨²»Õ¼Í³ÖεØλµÄ·¨ÂÉÒâʶ£©
Èý¡¢·¨ÂÉÒâʶµÄ¹¦ÄÜ
µÚ°ËÕ ·¨ÂɹØϵ
±¾ÕÂ˵Ã÷£º¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬ÕâÊÇ·¨ÀíѧöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔصÄÖص㣬ÊÇÿÄê±Ø¿¼µÄÕ½Ú£¬ÊÇÕû±¾½Ì²ÄÖÐ×îÄÑÀí½âµÄÒ»Õ¡£¾Í±¸¿¼¶øÑÔ£¬ÕâÒ»ÕÂÖصã×¼±¸´óÌ⣬µ«ÊÇСµÄ֪ʶµãÒ²¾ö²»ÄܺöÊÓ¡£¶øÇÒ£¬±¾ÕÂÄÚÈÝÓëÆäËû֪ʶµãÓÐ׎ôÃܵØÁªÏµ£¬±ÈÈ磬·¨Âɹ淶¡¢·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ¡¢·¨ÂÉÔðÈΡ¢·¨ÂÉÖƲõÈ¡£
¹ØÓÚÕâÒ»ÕÂÔÚ±¾ÊéÖеݲÅÅ£¬Ó¦¸Ã˵£¬·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨µÄʵÏÖÕâÒ»·¶³ëµÄÎÊÌ⣬Óë±¾±àÇ°¼¸ÕµÄÄÚÈݲ»ÊÇÒ»¸ö²ãÃæÉϵÄÎÊÌâ¡£·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨µÄʵÏÖµÄ״̬֮һ¡£
µÚÒ»½Ú ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¸ÅÄî
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¸ÅÄîÓëÌØÕ÷
¡ï¶¨Ò壺·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇÔÚ·¨Âɹ淶µ÷ÕûÉç»á¹ØϵµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐËùÐγɵÄÈËÃÇÖ®¼äµÄȨÀûºÍÒåÎñ¹Øϵ¡£——׼ȷ¼ÇÒäÕâÒ»¸ÅÄî
¡ï·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÌØÕ÷
¶ÔÓÚ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÂÛÊö£¬ÆäÒâÒåÔÚÓÚ£¬°ïÄã´Ó²»Í¬µÄ²ãÃæÀí½â·¨ÂɹØϵ£¬ÌØÕ÷ÐèÒªÕæÕýµÄÀí½â¡£
£¨Ò»£©¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵÊǸù¾Ý·¨Âɹ淶½¨Á¢µÄÒ»ÖÖÉç»á¹Øϵ£¬¾ßÓкϷ¨ÐÔ¡£
¶Ô“·¨ÂɹØϵÊǸù¾Ý·¨Âɹ淶½¨Á¢µÄÒ»ÖÖÉç»á¹Øϵ”µÄÀí½â£º
µÚÒ»¡¢·¨Âɹ淶ÊÇ·¨ÂɹØϵ²úÉúµÄÇ°Ìá¡£ÎÞ·¨Âɹ淶¾ÍÎÞ·¨ÂɹØϵ¡£ÕâÀïµÄ·¨Âɹ淶£¬²»¾­Ö¸¹ú¼ÒÕýʽ°ä²¼µÄ¹æ·¶ÐÔÎļþ£¬»¹°üÀ¨ÒÔÆäËûÐÎʽ±íÏÖ³öÀ´µÄ·¨ÂÉÔ¨Ô´£¬Èç¹ú¼ÒÊÂʵÉÏÈ·ÈϺͱ£»¤µÄÉç»áÏ°¹ß¡£
µÚ¶þ¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵ≠·¨Âɹ淶Ëùµ÷ÕûºÍ±£»¤µÄÉç»á¹Øϵ±¾Éí¡£¼òÑÔÖ®£¬·¨ÂɹØϵÊǾ­¹ý·¨Âɹ淶µ÷ÕûµÄÉç»á¹Øϵ¡£
µÚÈý¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨Âɹ淶µÄʵÏÖÐÎʽ£¬·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¢µÄʵÏÖµÄ״̬֮һ¡£
£¨¶þ£©·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇÌåÏÖÒâÖ¾ÐÔµÄÌØÖÖÉç»á¹Øϵ
1¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵ¼°¿ÉÄÜÌåÏÖ¹ú¼ÒÒâÖ¾£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÌåÏÖµ±ÊÂÈËÒâÖ¾£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜͬʱÌåÏÖ¶þÕߣ»Èç¹ûÖ»ÌåÏÖÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»»°£¬ÄÇô±ØÊǹú¼ÒÒâÖ¾¡£
2¡¢³ÐÈÏ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÒâÖ¾ÐÔ£¬²¢²»·ñÈÏËüµÄ¿Í¹ÛÐÔ¡£
£¨Èý£©·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇÌض¨Ö÷ÌåÖ®¼äµÄȨÀûºÍÒåÎñ¹Øϵ¡£
·¨ÂɹØϵʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÓÓӦȻµÄȨÀûÒåÎñ”¹æÖƓʵȻµÄȨÀûÒåÎñ”¡£ËùÒÔ·¨Âɶ¼ÓÐʹ·¨ÂɳéÏóµÄ¡¢Ò»°ãµÄ¹æ¶¨ÏÖʵ»¯µÄÎÊÌ⣬¶¼´æÔÚ·¨ÂɹØϵ¡£ÒòΪÈκη¨Âɹ淶Èç¹û²»ÔÚÏÖʵÉú»îÖеõ½ÊµÏÖ¡¢²»×ª»¯Îª·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ»°£¬ÄÇôÕâÒ»·¨Âɹ淶ֻ²»¹ýÊÇÒ»Ö½¿ÕÎÄ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬´ÓÕâÒ»ÒâÒåÉÏÀ´Ëµ£¬·¨ÂɹØϵ¾ÍÊǽ«³éÏóµÄȨÀûÒåÎñÏÖʵ»¯¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÖÖÀà
£¨Ò»£©µ÷ÕûÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵºÍ±£»¤ÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵ[ÖØÖÐÖ®ÖØ]
¶þÕßµÄÇø±ð±ê×¼ÊÇ£º°´ÕÕ·¨ÂɹØϵ²úÉúµÄÒÀ¾Ý£¨ÊǺϷ¨ÐÐΪ»¹ÊÇÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪ£©¡¢Ö´ÐеÄÖ°ÄÜ£¨Ö´Ðз¨µÄµ÷ÕûÐÔÖ°ÄÜ»¹ÊDZ£»¤ÐÔÖ°ÄÜ£©¡¢ÊµÏÖ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÄÚÈÝ£¨ÊÇʵÏÖ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÐÐΪģʽµÄÄÚÈÝ»¹ÊÇ·ñ¶¨ÐÔºó¹ûµÄÄÚÈÝ£©²»Í¬»®·Ö¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Çø±ðijһ·¨ÂɹØϵÊǵ÷ÕûÐԵĻ¹ÊDZ£»¤ÐԵķ¨ÂɹØϵ£¬´ÓÈý¸ö·½ÃæÀ´ÅжÏ£º1¡¢²úÉú¸Ã·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÐÐΪÊÇ·ñºÏ·¨£»2¡¢¸Ã·¨ÂɹØϵִÐÐÁ˺ÎÖÖ·¨µÄÖ°ÄÜ£»3¡¢¸Ã·¨ÂɹØϵʵÏÖµÄÊÇ·¨ÂɹæÔòÂß¼­½á¹¹ÖеÄÄÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£
·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨µÄʵÏֵķ¶³ë¡£µ÷ÕûÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨µÄʵÏÖµÄÕý³£ÐÎʽ£¬²»ÐèÒªÊÊÓ÷¨µÄÖƲᣱ£»¤ÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨µÄʵÏֵķÇÕý³£ÐÎʽ¡£
Èç¹ûÉÏÃæµÄÄÚÈÝÄãÈÔÈ»ÎÞ·¨Àí½â£¬ÄÇô¼ÇסÒÔϵÄÒ»¸öÔ­Ôò£º
·¨ÂɹØϵ˫·½Ö÷ÌåÊÇƽµÈµÄ£¬Ã»ÓÐÖƲõÄÇé¿öÊǵ÷ÕûÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵ£»ÈçÃñÊ·¨ÂɹØϵ£¬ÐÐÕþºÏͬ¹ØϵµÈ¡£
·¨ÂɹØϵ˫·½Ö÷ÌåÊDz»Æ½µÈµÄ£¬ÓÐÖƲõÄÇé¿öÊDZ£»¤ÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵ¡£ÈçÐÌÊ·¨ÂɹØϵ¡£
£¨¶þ£©×ÝÏò£¨Á¥Êô£©µÄ·¨ÂɹØϵºÍºáÏò£¨Æ½È¨£©µÄ·¨ÂɹØϵ¡£P150
£¨Èý£©µ¥Ïò¡¢Ë«ÏòºÍ¶àÏò·¨ÂɹØϵ
     Ä¿Ç°·¨Ñ§½ç¹«Èϵĵ¥Ïò·¨ÂɹØϵ½öÓÐÒ»ÖÖ——²»¸½Ìõ¼þµÄÔùÓë¹Øϵ£¨¼ûP150Ò³Ëù¾Ù°¸Àý£©¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâ¸öÌØÊâÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÕâÒ»·ÖÀàµÄÄÚÈÝÕÆÎÕÆðÀ´¾Í¼òµ¥ÁË£¬ÒòΪµ¥Ïò·¨ÂɹØϵֻÓÐÒ»ÖÖ£¬Èç¹û¸ø³öÌâÄ¿Öв»ÊDz»¸½Ìõ¼þµÄÔùÓë¹ØϵÄÇôֻ¿ÉÄÜÊÇË«ÏòµÄ·¨ÂɹØϵÁË¡£Ö®ËùÒÔÕâô˵£¬ÊÇÒòΪ¶àÏòµÄ·¨ÂɹØϵ¿ÉÒÔ·Ö½â³ÉÈô¸É¸öË«Ïò»òµ¥ÏòµÄ·¨ÂɹØϵ¡£
   ËùÒÔ´Ó³öÌâµÄ¼¼ÊõºÍÓ¦ÊԵļ¼ÇɶøÑÔ£¬Ö»Òª¼ÇסÕâΨһµÄÒ»¸öµ¥Ïò·¨ÂɹØϵ£¬ÕâÒ»·ÖÀàµÄÎÊÌâ¾Í½â¾öÁË¡£
£¨ËÄ£©µÚÒ»ÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵºÍµÚ¶þÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵ
   ÕâÒ»²¿·ÖÄÚÈݽÏÈÝÒ×£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÀÏʦ½²¿ÎµÄʱºòÊôÓÚÒ»Á½¾ä»°´ø¹ýµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÖØÒª³Ì¶È²»¸ß£¬ËùÒÔÖ»ÒªÒ»°ãÁ˽â¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË¡£
µÚ¶þ½Ú  ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÖ÷Ìå
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåµÄ¸ÅÄîºÍÖÖÀà
Ö÷ÌåÒ»¶¨ÊÇÌض¨µÄ¡¢¾ßÌåµÄ¡¢Ã»ÓÐÒ»¸ö·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÖ÷ÌåÊÇËùÓеÄÈË¡£
·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåµÄ¶¨Òå——²Î¼ûP151
·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåµÄ·ÖÀà——¸ÃÄÚÈݽϼòµ¥£¬ÇÒÊéÖбíÊö¼ò½àÃ÷È·£¬´Ë²»×¸Êö¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷Ìå¹¹³ÉµÄ×ʸñ£¨È¨ÀûÄÜÁ¦ºÍÐÐΪÄÜÁ¦£©[2006µ¥Ñ¡]
ÕâÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄîÊôÓÚ±ØÐëÕÆÎÕµÄÄÚÈÝP153
£¨Ò»£©È¨ÀûÄÜÁ¦ºÍȨÀûµÄÇø±ð£ºÈ¨Àû±¾Éí²»°üº¬ÒåÎñ£¬¶øȨÀûÄÜÁ¦Ôò°üÀ¨ÒåÎñ¡£ÎÞȨÀûÄÜÁ¦ÔòÎÞȨÀû¡£ÓÐȨÀûÄÜÁ¦Ò»¶¨Óз¨ÂÉȨÀû£¬µ«²»Ò»¶¨ÓÐÏÖʵȨÀû¡£
£¨¶þ£©È·¶¨¹«ÃñÓÐÎÞÐÐΪÄÜÁ¦µÄ±ê×¼Óжþ£ºÆäÒ»¡¢ÄÜ·ñÈÏʶ×Ô¼ºÐÐΪµÄÐÔÖÊ¡¢ÒâÒåºÍºó¹û£»Æä¶þ£¬ÄÜ·ñ¿ØÖÆ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÐΪ²¢¶Ô×Ô¼ºµÄÐÐΪ¸ºÔð¡£
1¡¢ÔðÈÎÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÐÐΪÄÜÁ¦ÔÚ±£»¤ÐÔ·¨ÂɹØϵÖеÄÌØÊâ±íÏÖÐÎʽ¡£
2¡¢×ÔÈ»È˵ÄÐÐΪÄÜÁ¦ºÍ·¨È˵ÄÐÐΪÄÜÁ¦µÄÇø±ðP154
µÚÈý½Ú·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÄÚÈÝ
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåµÄ·¨ÂÉȨÀûºÍ·¨ÂÉÒåÎñ
·¨ÂÉȨÀû——Ö¸·¨ÂÉËùÔÊÐíµÄȨÀûÈËΪÁËÂú×ã×Ô¼ºµÄÀûÒæ¶ø²ÉÈ¡µÄ¡¢ÓÉÆäËûÈ˵ķ¨ÂÉÒåÎñËù±£Ö¤µÄ·¨ÂÉÊֶΡ£
·¨ÂÉÒåÎñ——Ö¸·¨ÂÉËù¹æ¶¨µÄÒåÎñÈËÓ¦¸Ã°´ÕÕȨÀûÈËÒªÇó´ÓÊÂÒ»¶¨µÄÐÐΪ»ò²»ÐÐΪ£¬ÒÔÂú×ãȨÀûÈ˵ÄÀûÒæµÄ·¨ÂÉÊֶΡ£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåµÄȨÀûºÍÒåÎñÓë·¨Âɹ淶ÄÚÈݵÄȨÀûºÍÒåÎñµÄÇø±ð£º
1¡¢Ç°ÕßÊôÓړʵȻ”µÄȨÀûÒåÎñ£¬ÒòΪ·¨ÂɹØϵÊÇ·¨µÄʵÏÖ״̬֮һ£¬ËùÒÔ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄȨÀûÒåÎñÊÇÏÖʵ»¯£¨ÏÖʵ»¯²¢²»±ÈȻʵÏÖ£©µÄȨÀûÒåÎñ£»ºóÕßÊôÓړӦȻ”µÄȨÀûÒåÎñ£¬²¢Î´ÏÖʵ»¯¡£
2¡¢Õë¶ÔµÄÖ÷Ì岻ͬ£¬Ç°ÕßÊÇÌض¨µÄÖ÷Ì壬ºóÕßÊDz»Ìض¨µÄÖ÷Ìå¡£
3¡¢Ð§Á¦²»Í¬£¬Ç°Õß²»¾ßÓÐÆÕ±éµÄЧÁ¦£¬ºóÕß¾ßÓÐÆÕ±éµÄЧÁ¦¡£
Èý¡¢È¨ÀûÐÐʹºÍÒåÎñÂÄÐÐÖ®½çÏÞ
·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåµÄȨÀûÐÐʹÓÐÒ»¸öÊʶȵķ¶Î§ºÍ½çÏÞ£¬³¬³öÕâ¸öÏ޶ȾͿÉÄܹ¹³É“ԽȨ”ºÍ“ÀÄÓÃȨÀû”
“ÀÄÓÃȨÀû”ºÍÏÁÒåµÄÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪµÄÍâÑÓ²¢²»ÊǵÈͬµÄ¡£ÀÄÓÃȨÀûÕß±¾ÉíÊÇÏíÓÐijÏîȨÀûµÄÖ÷Ì壬ֻÊÇ˵Ëû³¬³öÆäȨÀûµÄ½çÏÞ¶øÐÐÊ¡£¶øÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪÕß¿ÉÄܸù±¾Ã»Óв»ÏíÓÐÈκκϷ¨È¨Àû¶øÖ±½Ó¶ÔÆäËûÈ˵ĺϷ¨È¨Àû½øÐиÉÉæ»òÇÖº¦¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ÀÄÓÃȨÀûµÄÖƶÈÉè¼Æ¹Ø×¢µÄÊÇȨÀûÏíÓÐÕßÐÐʹȨÀûµÄ·¶Î§£¬¶øÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪµÄÖƶÈÉè¼Æ¹Ø×¢µÄÊÇÈκÎÈ˶¼Ó¦µ±³Ðµ£µÄ²»ÇÖº¦ËûÈ˺Ϸ¨È¨ÀûµÄÏû¼«ÒåÎñ¡£
ÒåÎñµÄÏ޶ȾßÌåÌåÏÖÔÚ£º£¨1£©Êµ¼ÊÂÄÐÐÒåÎñµÄÖ÷Ìå×ʸñµÄÏÞÖÆ£¨2£©Ê±¼äµÄÏÞÖÆ£¨3£©ÀûÒæµÄ½çÏÞ¡£ÆäʵÕâÈýÖÖÏÞÖƶ¼ÊÇÓÉ·¨Âɹ涨µÄ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÔÚ·¨ÂÉÉ趨ÒåÎñÖ®³õÒѾ­½«ÉÏÊöÏ޶ȡ£
µÚËĽڠ ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌå
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌåµÄ¸ÅÄî
·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌåÊÇÖ¸·¨ÂɹØϵÖ÷ÌåÖ®¼äȨÀûºÍÒåÎñËùÖ¸ÏòµÄ¶ÔÏ󡣸öÔÏóÊÇijÖÖÀûÒæµÄ´æÔÚÐÎʽ¡£¹ØÓÚ·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌ壬Êæ¡¢Ö£¶þλÀÏʦµÄ¹ÛµãÓÐËù²»Í¬£¬Ö£ÀÏʦÈÏΪ£¬·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌå¾ÍÊÇ·¨ÂɹØϵÄÚÈÝ£¨È¨ÀûÒåÎñ£©µÄ¿ÍÌå¡£ÊæÀÏʦÈÏΪ£¬·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌåËäÓëȨÀûµÄ¿ÍÌå½ôÃÜÁªÏµµ«ÓÖÓÐËù²»Í¬£ºµ±È¨Àû¿ÍÌå´¦ÓÚÒ»ÖÖ½»»¥ÐÐΪ£¨¹Øϵ£©ÖÐʱ£¬¼´±ä³É·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌå¡£
ÓÉÓÚ¶þλÀÏʦµÄ¹ÛµãÓÐËù²»Í¬£¬ËùÒÔ¹ØÓÚ·¨ÂɹØϵ¿ÍÌåµÄ¸ÅÄîÕⲿ·Ö³öÌâµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԾʹó´ó½µµÍ£¬Èç¹û³öÌ⣬°´ÕÕ¹ßÀý£¬Ö»ÒªÊÇ´ðÁ˶þÈËÖÐÈκÎÒ»¸öµÄ¹Ûµã£¬¾ù»á¸ø·Ö¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂɹØϵ¿ÍÌåµÄÖÖÀà
£¨Ò»£©Îï
ÎïÀíÒâÒåÉϵÄÎïÒª³ÉΪ·¨ÂɹØϵ¿ÍÌ壬Ðë¾ß±¸µÄÌõ¼þ£º
1¡¢Ó¦µÃµ½·¨ÂɵÄÈÏ¿É
2¡¢Ó¦ÎªÈËÀàËùÈÏʶºÍ¿ØÖÆ
3¡¢Äܹ»´øÀ´ÎïÖÊÀûÒæ
4¡¢ÐëÓжÀÁ¢ÐÔ
ÓÐÈýÖÖÎï²»ÄܳÉΪ˽ÈË·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ¿ÍÌ壺
1¡¢ÈËÀ๲ÓÐÖ®Îï»ò¹ú¼ÒרÓÐÖ®ÎÈ纣Ñó¡¢É½´¨¡¢Ë®Á÷¡¢¿ÕÆø
2¡¢¾üÊÂÉèÊ©¡¢ÎäÆ÷
3¡¢Î£º¦ÈËÀàÖ®Îï
£¨¶þ£©ÈËÉí»òÕß˵ÈËÉíÀûÒæ
ÈËÉí³ÉΪ·¨ÂɹØϵ¿ÍÌåµÄÌõ¼þ£º
1¡¢»îÈ˵ÄÕû¸öÉíÌå²»ÄÜÊÓΪ·¨ÂÉÉÏÖ®Îï
2¡¢È¨ÀûÈ˶Ô×Ô¼ºµÄÈËÉí²»µÃ½øÐÐÎ¥·¨»òÕßÓÐÉ˷绯µÄ»î¶¯
3¡¢¶ÔÈËÉíÐÐʹȨÀûʱ±ØÐëÒÀ·¨½øÐУ¬²»µÃ³¬³ö·¨ÂÉÊÚȨµÄ·¶Î§
£¨Èý£©¾«Éñ²úÆ·£º¼´ÎﻯµÄ˼ά³É¹û
£¨ËÄ£©ÐÐΪ½á¹û
  ÐÐΪ½á¹ûÊÇÒåÎñÈËÍê³ÉÆäÐÐΪËù²úÉúµÄÄܹ»Âú×ãȨÀûÈËÀûÒæÒªÇóµÄ½á¹û¡£·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖ£ºÒ»ÊÇÎﻯ½á¹û£¬¼´ÒåÎñÈ˵ÄÐÐΪÄý½áÓëÒ»¶¨µÄÎïÉÏ£»¶þÊÇ·ÇÎﻯ½á¹û£¬ÐÐΪûÓÐת»¯ÎªÒ»¶¨µÄÎﻯʵÌ壬ÀýÈç¡£ÑÝÔ±Óë¹ÛÖڵķ¨ÂɹØϵÖУ¬ÑÝÔ±×÷ΪÒåÎñÈËÆäÐÐΪµÄ½á¹û¾ÍÊÇ·ÇÎﻯµÄ£¬±íÏÖΪһ¶¨µÄÐÐΪ¹ý³Ì¡£
µÚÎå½Ú  ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ
Ò»¡¢¸ÅÄî
·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄ¸ÅÄî——P159
Ìõ¼þÓжþ£ºÒ»ÊÇ·¨Âɹ淶£¬¶þÊÇ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ£¬Ç°ÕßΪ·¨ÂÉÒÀ¾Ý£¬ºóÕßÊÇÖ±½ÓµÄÇ°ÌáÌõ¼þ¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÖÖÀà
»®·ÖÒÀ¾Ý£ºÊÇ·ñÒÔÈËÃǵÄÒâ־ΪתÒÆ¡£
·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ°üÀ¨£º·¨ÂÉʼþºÍ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ
·¨ÂÉʼþÊǾßÓз¨ÂɹØÁªÐԵġ¢²»ÒÔµ±ÊÂÈ˵ÄÒâ־ΪתÒƶøÒýÆð·¨ÂɹØϵÐγÉ¡¢±ä¸ü»òÏûÃðµÄ¿Í¹ÛÊÂʵ¡£·¨ÂÉʼþÓÖ·Ö³ÉÉç»áʼþºÍ×ÔȻʼþÁ½ÖÖ¡£[·¨ÂÉʼþÔÚÀí½âÉϵÄÄѶȲ»´ó£¬¸´Ï°Ö»ÐèҪעÒâ½Ì²ÄÖÐËù¾ÙµÄÀý×Ó¼´¿É]
·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ¼ûµÚÆßÕµÚÒ»½Ú¡£×¢Ò⽫·¨ÀíѧÖеķ¨ÂÉÐÐΪºÍÃñ·¨Ñ§Öеķ¨ÂÉÐÐΪÏàÇø±ð¡£
Î¥·¨ÐÐΪÊDz»ÊÇ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ£¿´ð£ºÊÇ¡£·¨ÀíѧÖеķ¨ÂÉÐÐΪ¸ÅÄîÖеÄÇ°Öö¨Óï “·¨ÂÉ”²»ÊǾßÓмÛÖµÅжÏÒâÒåµÄ°ýÒå´Ê£¬¶øÅжÏÒ»ÐÐΪÊÇ·ñÊôÓÚ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ¾ÍÊÇ¿´ËüÊÇ·ñÄܹ»ÒýÆð·¨ÂɹØϵµÄÐγÉ¡¢±ä¸ü»òÏûÃð¡£
¸´ÔÓÇé¿ö£º
1¡¢Ò»ÖÖ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵȴÒýÆð¶àÖÖ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ¹ØϵµÄ±ä¶¯£¨²úÉú¡¢±ä¸ü¡¢ÏûÃ𣩣¬ÈçɱÈËÐÐΪÊǵ¥¸ö·¨ÂÉÊÂʵȴ¿ÉÄÜÒýÆð¶àÖÖ·¨ÂɹØϵ·¢Éú¡£
2¡¢·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ¹¹³É£¨ËÕÁª·¨Ñ§¼Ò´´ÔìµÄ¸ÅÄ£ºÓÉÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵķ¨ÂÉÊÂʵÒýÆðͬһ¸ö·¨ÂɹØϵµÄ²úÉú¡¢±ä¸ü»òÏûÃð¡£»éÒö·¨ÂɹØϵÐγɱØÐë¾ßÓÐÁ½¸öÌõ¼þ£º£¨1£©ÓÐÊÊ»éÌõ¼þµÄÖ÷ÌåÈ¥ÉêÇëµÇ¼Ç»éÒö£¬£¨2£©»éÒö¹ÜÀí»ú¹ØµÄµÇ¼ÇÐÐΪ¡£
µÚ¾ÅÕ  ·¨ÂÉÔðÈÎÓë·¨ÂÉÖƲÃ
µÚÒ»½Ú  ·¨ÂÉÔðÈεĸÅÄî
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂÉÔðÈεĺ¬Òå
·¨ÂÉÔðÈÎÊÇ·¨ÀíѧµÄ»ù±¾¸ÅÄµ«²»Êdzõʼ¸ÅÄÔðÈÎÊÇ´ÓȨÀûºÍÒåÎñÅÉÉú³öÀ´µÄ¸ÅÄî¡£·¨ÂÉÔðÈεĸÅÄîÓ¦µ±Êì¼Ç——P162µÚ¶þÖÖº¬Ò壬³öÌâÈËÉϿβµ³âÁËÔðÈÎÊÇÒåÎñµÄ¹Ûµã£¬ÈÏΪÄÇÊDz»×¼È·µÄʹÓÃÔðÈΡ£ÔÚ¸ÅÄîÖÐҪעÒ⣺“²»Àûºó¹û”ÊÇʲô²»Àûºó¹û£¿Æäʵ·¨ÂÉÔðÈξÍÊÇ·¨ÂɹæÔòÖз¨Âɺó¹ûÖеIJ»Àûºó¹û¡££¨1999Äê·¨Àíѧ×ۺϿÎÃû´Ê½âÊÍ£©²úÉú·¨ÂÉÔðÈεÄÔ­ÒòÓÐÈý£º
£¨Ò»£©Î¥·¨ÐÐΪ£»
£¨¶þ£©Î¥Ô¼ÐÐΪ£»
£¨Èý£©·¨Âɹ涨¡£
ÔðÈÎÊÇÒåÎñÂð£¿ÒåÎñÊÇÔðÈεÄÇ°ÌáÌõ¼þ¡£·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄÂß¼­½á¹¹Îª
¼Ù¶¨Ìõ¼þ+ÐÐΪģʽ+·¨Âɺó¹û
            ↓         ↓
            ÒåÎñ →  ÔðÈÎ
1¡¢ÔðÈκÍÒåÎñ·ÖÊôÓÚ·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄ²»Í¬ÁìÓò
2¡¢ÔðÈÎÊÇÒÔÒåÎñ¹æ¶¨ÎªÇ°ÌáµÄ£¬²»³Ðµ£ÒåÎñµÄÈ˲»¿ÉÄܳе£ÔðÈÎ
3¡¢ÔðÈκÍÒåÎñÊÇÏ໥¹ØÁªµÄ£¬ÔÚÒåÎñ±»Î¥·´µÄÇé¿öÏ´æÔÚÔðÈΡ£ÔðÈÎÊÇÒÔÎÞÈËÔÚûÓÐ×ñÊØÐÐΪģʽÖеÄÒåÎñ¶øÓ¦³Ðµ£µÄ²»Àû·¨Âɺó¹û¡£
¶þ¡¢·¨ÂÉÔðÈεÄÌصã
£¨Ò»£©³Ðµ£·¨ÂÉÔðÈεÄ×îÖÕÒÀ¾ÝÊÇ·¨ÂÉ¡£
     ÆäʵÉÏÊö²úÉú·¨ÂÉÔðÈεÄÈýÖÖÔ­Òò¶¼¿ÉÒÔ¹é½áΪ¹ãÒåµÄ“Î¥·¨”ÐÐΪ¡£Î¥Ô¼ÐÐΪ×îÖճе£ÔðÈÎÒÀ¾ÝÊǺÏͬ·¨£¬ÎÞ¹ý´íÔðÈεÄÓ¦ÓÃÊÇÖ±½Ó³öÓÚ·¨ÂɵĹ涨£¬¾¡¹ÜÐÐΪÈËÎÞ¹ý´í£¬µ«³öÓÚÉç»áÕûÌåÀûÒæºâÁ¿µÄ¿¼ÂǶøʹÆä³Ðµ£ÔðÈΡ£
£¨¶þ£©·¨ÂÉÔðÈξßÓйú¼ÒÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ
Õâµã½Ì²Ä¹éÄɵĽÏΪÃãÇ¿£¬ÕâÆäʵ°Ñ·¨ÂÉÔðÈεÄÌصãµÈͬÓÚ·¨ÂɵÄÌص㣨¹ØÓÚ·¨ÂɵĹú¼ÒÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¿ÉÒԲμûµÚÒ»ÕºËÐıʼÇÄÚÈÝ£©¡£Æäʵ·¨Âɹú¼ÒÇ¿ÖÆÐÔÕýÊÇͨ¹ý·¨ÂÉÔðÈÎÀ´ÕÃÏԵġ£
µÚ¶þ½Ú  ·¨ÂÉÔðÈεķÖÀàÓ뾺ºÏ
Ò»¡¢·¨ÂÉÔðÈεķÖÀà