µÚÒ»Õ ¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÀíÂÛ
µÚÒ»½Ú ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¸ÅÊö
Ò»¡¢×éÖ¯Ó빫¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¸ÅÄî
×éÖ¯ÊÇÖ¸ÔÚÒ»¶¨µÄÉç»á»·¾³ÖУ¬ÈËÃÇͨ¹ýÏ໥½»Íù¶øÐγɵľßÓй²Í¬ÐÄÀíÒâʶ£¬²¢ÎªÁËʵÏÖÄ³Ò»ÌØ¶¨Ä¿±ê¶ø°´Ò»¶¨·½Ê½ÁªºÏÆðÀ´µÄÓлúÕûÌå¡£ÔÚ×éÖ¯µÄÈô¸ÉÌØÕ÷ÖУ¬×é֯Ŀ±êÓëÐÐΪÊÇ×éÖ¯µÄ±¾ÖÊÐÔÌØÕ÷¡£
¹«¹²×éÖ¯¾ÍÊÇÒÔ¹ÜÀíÉç»á¹«¹²ÊÂÎñ¡¢Ðµ÷Éç»á¹«¹²ÀûÒæ¹ØÏµÎªÄ¿µÄµÄ×éÖ¯£¬Ëü¼È°üÀ¨Õþ¸®×éÖ¯£¬Ò²°üÀ¨µÚÈý²¿ÃÅ×éÖ¯¡£ÏÁÒåµÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯Ö¸µÄ¾ÍÊǹú¼Ò»ú¹Ø×éÖ¯¡£
¸´Ï°ÑÓÉ죺¹«¹²×éÖ¯¡¢µÚÈý²¿ÃÅÓë˽ÈË×éÖ¯µÄ²îÒìÊÇʲô£¿£¨Ïê¼û±¾ÊéP43£©
¶þ¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¹¹³ÉÒªËØ£¨12¸ö·½Ã棩
1¡¢×éÖ¯ÈËÔ±¡£×éÖ¯ÊÇÈ˼ʹØÏµµÄÌåÏÖ¡£
2¡¢×é֯Ŀ±ê¡£×é֯Ŀ±ê¾ö¶¨×éÖ¯ÐÐΪµÄ·½ÏòºÍ×éÖ¯·¢Õ¹µÄ·½Ïò¡£
3¡¢Ö°ÄÜ·¶Î§¡£×éÖ¯·¶Î§ÊÇ×é֯Ŀ±êµÄ¾ßÌ廯£¬Ëü¾ö¶¨ÁË×éÖ¯¹æÄ£¡¢ÄÚ²¿Ö°Î»ÉèÖõȷ½Ãæ¡£
4¡¢»ú¹¹ÉèÖá£
5¡¢Ö°Î»ÉèÖá£Ö°Î»Êǹ«¹²×éÖ¯ÔËÐÐ×î»ù±¾µÄÒªËØ£¬Ö°Î»ÉèÖñ£Ö¤ÁË×é֯ȨÁ¦µÄÁ÷¶¯ºÍ×ÊÔ´ÅäÖá£
6¡¢È¨Á¦ÓëְȨ¡£È¨Á¦Ö¸Ó°ÏìËûÈ˵ÄÄÜÁ¦£¬Ö°È¨ÊÇÖ¸±»×éÖ¯Õýʽ³ÐÈϵÄȨÁ¦¡£
7¡¢È¨Ôð»®·Ö¡£È¨Ôð»®·ÖÖ¸¹«¹²×éÖ¯Öи÷¸ö²¿ÃÅ¡¢²ã´Î¡¢³ÉÔ±¼äÈô¸É´ÓÊô¡¢²¢ÁеÈÏ໥¹ØÏµµÄÈ·ÈÏ¡£
8¡¢¹æÕÂÖÆ¶È¡£¹æÕÂÖÆ¶ÈÊÇÕýʽ×éÖ¯Óë·ÇÕýʽ×éÖ¯×îÃ÷ÏÔµÄÇø±ðÖ®Ò»¡£
9¡¢ÍÅÌåÒâʶ¡£ÍÅÌåÒâʶÊÇÐγÉ×é֯Ŀ±êµÄ¹²Í¬ÐÄÀí»ù´¡¡£
10¡¢×éÖ¯Éè¼Æ¡£×éÖ¯Éè¼ÆÊǹ«¹²×éÖ¯ÖîÒªËØÖÐ×ÔӵIJ¿·Ö¡£
11¡¢Ö§³ÖÓ²¼þ¡£
12¡¢¼¼ÊõºÍÐÅÏ¢¡£
Èý¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÀàÐÍ
1¡¢°´²ÆÎñ£»á¼Æ±ê×¼·ÖÀà
¿É·ÖΪÁùÖÖ£ºÕþ¸®»ú¹¹¡¢½ÌÓý×éÖ¯¡¢½¡¿µºÍ¸£Àû×éÖ¯¡¢×Ú½Ì×éÖ¯¡¢´ÈÉÆ×éÖ¯ºÍ»ù½ð»á¡£
2¡¢°´¹«¹²È¨Á¦±ê×¼·ÖÀà
£¨1£©Ç¿ÖÆÐ͹«¹²×éÖ¯¡£Ç¿ÖÆÐ͹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÖ÷ÒªÌØµãÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊǸù¾ÝÏÜ·¨ºÍ·¨ÂɵÄÊÚȨ£¬ÒÀ¿¿¹«¹²È¨Á¦¶Ô¹«¹²ÊÂÎñʵÐÐÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¹ÜÀí¡£Æä×ö³öµÄ²Ã¾ö£¬ÓйØ×éÖ¯ºÍ¸öÈ˱ØÐë×ñ´Ó£¬·ñÔò½«Êܵ½³Í·£¡£Ö÷ÒªÖ¸Õþ¸®²¿ÃÅ¡£
£¨2£©°ëÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¡£°ëÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¸ü¶àÒÀ¿¿Êг¡ÊÖ¶Îʵʩ¹ÜÀí£¬Æä¹ÜÀíÐÐΪ¶Ôµ±ÊÂÈËÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ£¬µ«µ±ÊÂÈË¿ÉÒԾܾøÆä²Ã¾ö¡£Ö÷ÒªÊÇÖ¸¸÷ÐÐҵлᡢÖÙ²ÃίԱ»áµÈ¡£
£¨3£©·ÇÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¡£ÕâÀ๫¹²×éÖ¯µÄ×î´óÌØµãÊÇ·ÇÇ¿ÖÆÐԺͷþÎñÐÔ£¬ÆäÖжàÊýÊÇ·ÇÓ¯ÀûÐÔ×éÖ¯¡£ÕâÀ๫¹²×éÖ¯²»½öÊýÁ¿¶à£¬¶øÇÒͬʱµ£¸º×ÅÖØÒªµÄ¹«¹²ÊÂÎñ¹ÜÀíÈÎÎñ¡£Ö÷ҪָԺУ¡¢Ñо¿Ëù¡¢»ù½ð»á¡¢¿Æ½ÌÎÄÎÀ×Éѯ·þÎñ»ú¹¹µÈ¡£
3¡¢°´È¨ÍþÓëµÈ¼¶½á¹¹±ê×¼·ÖÀà
×éÖ¯ÀíÂÛÖпÆÑ§¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ¡¢ÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ¡¢¹ÙÁÅÖÆÀíÂÛ¡¢¹«¹²¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛ¡¢ÏµÍ³ºÍȨ±äÀíÂÛ¶¼¼ä½Ó»òÖ±½ÓµÄÓ°ÏìÁ˹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÐÎʽ£¬²¢Óɴ˶Թ«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ·ÖÀà²úÉúÓ°Ïì¡£
£¨1£©¹ÅµäÄ£ÐÍ——½¨Á¢ÔÚÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛÉÏ£¨ÊôÓڿƲã×éÖ¯£©
¹ÅµäÄ£Ð͵ÄÌØµã£º
A¡¢×éÖ¯¾ßÓÐËĸö»ù´¡£ºÄ¿±ê¡¢¹ý³Ì¡¢¹Ë¿Í¡¢ÁìÓò£»
B¡¢¶ÔÓÚÿ¸ö×éÖ¯¶øÑÔ£¬ÉÏÊöËĸö»ù´¡ÖбØÐëÓÐÒ»¸ö±»¸³ÓèÓÅÏȵØÎ»£»
C¡¢ÐÐÕþ²¿ÃÅÔÚ×î¸ß²ã´ÎÉϰ´Ö÷Òª±ê×¼×齨£¬Ã¿¸ö²¿ÃŰüº¬Ò»ÇÐÓÐÖúÓÚʵÏÖ×é֯Ŀ±êµÄ»î¶¯£»
D¡¢ÐÐÕþÉϼ¶½öÄÜÓÐÏ޼ලÊýÁ¿ÓÐÏÞµÄÖ±½ÓÏÂÊô£¬´æÔÚ“¿ØÖÆ·¶Î§”£»
E¡¢ÐÐÕþȨÍþºÍÔðÈÎÊÚÓèµ¥Ò»ÐÐÕþÈËÔ±¶ø·Ç¶Ê»á»òίԱ»áÕâÑùµÄ¶àÊý³ÉÔ±»ú¹¹£»
F¡¢´¹Ö±Áìµ¼»î¶¯Óë²Îı»î¶¯±»ÑϸñÇø·Ö¡£
£¨2£©¹ÙÁÅÄ£ÐÍ——½¨Á¢ÔÚΤ²®µÄ¹ÙÁÅÖÆÀíÂÛÉÏ£¨ÀíÐÔ£ºÏ·¨È¨Íþ£©£¨ÊôÓڿƲã×éÖ¯£©
¹ÙÁÅÄ£Ð͵ÄÌØµã£º
A¡¢»ùÓÚÖ°ÄÜöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ»¯µÄÀͶ¯·Ö¹¤£»
B¡¢ÓÐÃ÷È·µÄְȨµÈ¼¶ÖÆ£»
C¡¢ÓÐÓëÈÎÖ°ÕߺÍÖ°ÔðÏà¹ØµÄ¹æÕÂÖÆ¶È£»
D¡¢Óд¦Àí¹¤×÷µÄ³ÌÐòϵͳ£»
E¡¢ÈËÓëÈËÖ®¼ä¹ØÏµµÄ·ÇÈ˸ñ»¯£»
F¡¢¹ÍÔ±µÄÑ¡ÔñÓëÌáÉýÒÔÆä¼¼ÊõÄÜÁ¦Îª»ù´¡¡£
£¨3£©µÚÈý²¿ÃÅÐÐÕþÄ£ÐÍ——½¨Á¢ÔÚϵͳºÍȨ±äÀíÂÛÉÏ
µÚÈý²¿ÃÅÐÐÕþÄ£Ð͵ÄÌØµã£º
A¡¢¹«¹²ÊÂÎñÍùÍùÓɶàÈ˵ĶÊ»á»òίԱ»á½øÐйÜÀí£¬´ú±í¶àÔªÀûÒæµÄºòÑ¡È˱鲼ÆäÖУ¬¶øÒÔÉÏÁ½ÖÖÄ£ÐÍÔò½«Ö°È¨ºÍÔðÈÎÊÚÓèµ¥Ò»¸öÈË£»
B¡¢ÔÚºÜ¶à·½ÃæÕþ¸®³ÉΪ´úÀíÈËÕþ¸®£¬Ðí¶àÕþ¸®¹¤×÷ͨ¹ýºÏͬίÍиøµÚÈý²¿ÃÅÍê³É£¬Õþ¸®¹ÙÔ±ÔÚ´¦ÀíÕâЩÊÂÎñʱÔÙÒ²Óò»ÉÏ×Ô¼ºµÄµÈ¼¶È¨Á¦£»
C¡¢Õþ¸®²»¿ÉÄÜÇá¶øÒ׾ٵļල×éÖ¯Ö®ÍâµÄ´úÀíÉÌ£¬³ý·ÇËðº¦Á˸ÃÏîÄ¿ºÍËù·þÎñµÄ¹«¹²ÀûÒæ£¬Õþ¸®²»ÄÜËæÒâÀûÓõȼ¶ÃüÁîÀ´È¡ÏûºÏͬ£»
D¡¢ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯²»ÊǹÂÁ¢µØ´¦Àí¹«¹²ÊÂÎñ£¬ËüÃÇÍùÍùÓëÆäËû¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÐγÉÒ»¸öÍøÂ磬ͨ¹ý×éÖ¯»¥¶¯À´ÊµÏÖÄ¿±ê¡£
µÚ¶þ½Ú ¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ½á¹¹——ʵÏÖ×é֯Ŀ±êµÄ»ù±¾¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß£¨·´Ó³×éÖ¯¾²Ì¬µÄ×´¿ö£©
Ò»¡¢¹ÜÀí²ã´ÎºÍ¹ÜÀí·ù¶È
1¡¢¹ÜÀí²ã´ÎºÍ¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈµÄ¶¨Òå
¹ÜÀí²ã´ÎÊÇÖ¸¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿×ÝÏò»®·ÖµÄµÈ¼¶Êý¡£¹«¹²×éÖ¯»®·Ö²ã´ÎµÄÄ¿µÄÔÚÓÚÇø·Ö¹¤×÷ÈÎÎñºÍְȨµÄÇáÖØ¡££¨×ÝÏòÁªÏµ£©
¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈÊÇÖ¸Ò»ÃûÉϼ¶¹ÜÀíÕßÄÜÓÐЧ¹ÜÀíµÄϼ¶ÈËÔ±»òµ¥Î»¡¢²¿ÃŵÄÊýÄ¿¡£¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈÊǺâÁ¿¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷¸´Ôӳ̶ȵÄÖØÒª±êÖ¾£¬Ò»Ï×÷Ô½¸´ÔÓ£¬¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈÒ»°ãÒ²Ô½¿í¡££¨ºáÏòÁªÏµ£©
2¡¢¹ÜÀí²ã´ÎÓë¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈµÄ¹ØÏµ£º³ÊÏÖ·´±ÈÀý¹ØÏµ¡£¹ÜÀí²ã´ÎÔ½¶à£¬¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈԽС£¬·´Ö®ÒàÈ»¡£
3¡¢¾ßÌå±íÏÖÐÎʽ£º¼âÐνṹºÍ±âÐνṹ
£¨1£©¶¨Ò壺¼âÐνṹ£º¹ÜÀí²ã´Î¶à¡¢¹ÜÀí·ù¶ÈСµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¡£
±âÐνṹ£º¹ÜÀí²ã´ÎÉÙ¡¢¹ÜÀí·ù¶È´óµÄ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¡£
£¨2£©¼âÐνṹÓë±âÐνṹµÄÌØÕ÷¡¢ÓÅȱµã£º
|
|
¼âÐνṹ |
±âÐνṹ |
|
¹ÜÀí²ã´Î |
¶à |
ÉÙ |
|
¹ÜÀí·ù¶È |
С |
´ó |
|
Éϼ¶¶Ôϼ¶¿ØÖÆ |
¿ØÖÆÑϸñ¡¢Ó°ÏìÁ¦Ç¿ |
¿ØÖƲ»Ç¿£¬Ó°Ïì½ÏС |
|
Óŵã |
ȨÁ¦¼¯ÖУ¬±ãÓÚͳһÐж¯ |
¢ÙÐÅÏ¢²»Ò×Ê§Õæ ¢ÚÐж¯Áé»î |
|
ȱµã |
¢ÙÐÅÏ¢Ò×Ê§Õæ ¢ÚÐж¯½©»¯ |
×éÖ¯Ïà¶ÔËÉÉ¢£¬²»±ãÓÚͳһÐж¯ |
¶þ¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÒ»°ã½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¼°ÆäÌØµã
1¡¢Ò»°ã½á¹¹ÐÎʽµÄ¸ÅÄîºÍÌØµã
£¨1£©Ö±Ï߽ṹÊÇÓɵ¥Ò»´¹Ö±Áìµ¼£¬Æä½á¹¹¼òµ¥£¬Áìµ¼Á¥Êô¹ØÏµÃ÷È·£¬½á¹¹ÖÐÿһ²ã¼¶µÄ¸öÈË»ò×éÖ¯Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öÖ±½ÓÁìµ¼£¬²»ÓëÏàÁÚ¸öÈË»ò×éÖ¯¼°ÆäÁìµ¼·¢ÉúÈκÎÃüÁîÓë·þ´Ó¹ØÏµµÄ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¡£
£¨2£©Ö°ÄܽṹÊÇÏà¹Ø²¿ÃÅÔÚˮƽ·½ÏòÉÏÒÀÖ°Äܲ»Í¬½øÐзֹ¤£¬ÔÙ·Ö±ð¶Ôϼ¶²¿ÃÅʵʩÁìµ¼µÄ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¡£
£¨3£©Ö±ÏߣְÄܽṹÊÇÔÚ×ÛºÏÖ±Ï߽ṹºÍÖ°Äܽṹ»ù´¡ÉÏÐγɵÄÒ»ÖÖ×éÖ¯½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¡£¸÷¼¶²¿ÃÅÖ®¼ä¼ÈÓд¹Ö±Áìµ¼¹ØÏµ£¬ÓÖÓÐˮƽÁìµ¼¹ØÏµ¡£
£¨4£©¾ØÕó½á¹¹ÊÇÒÔÍê³ÉijÏ×÷ΪºËÐÄ£¬´ÓÓйز¿Ãųéµ÷ÈËÔ±×é³ÉÁÙʱ»ú¹¹À´ÂÄÐй¤×÷ÈÎÎñµÄ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¡£ÓëÖ±ÏߣְÄܽṹ²»Í¬µÄÊÇ£¬¾ØÕó½á¹¹Öд¹Ö±Áìµ¼ÓëˮƽÁìµ¼ÊDz¢Öصġ£
2¡¢¹«¹²¹ÜÀíµÄËÄÖÖÒ»°ã½á¹¹ÐÎʽµÄÓÅȱµã±È½ÏºÍÊÊÓÃÇé¿ö
|
|
Óŵã |
ȱµã |
|
Ö±Ï߽ṹ |
¢ÙÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ;¾¶µ¥Ò» ¢Ú´«µÝËÙ¶È¿ì |
¢Ù»ù²ã×ÔÖ÷ÐÔС ¢ÚÈÝÒ×µ¼Ö½©»¯ |
|
ÊÊÓ㺹æÄ£²»´ó£¬¹¤×÷½ÏΪ¼òµ¥µÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯ |
||
|
Ö°Äܽṹ |
¢ÙÍØÕ¹Á˹ÜÀíÊÂÎñµÄ·¶Î§ ¢Ú´«µÝËÙ¶È¿ì |
¢Ù¶àÍ·Áìµ¼ ¢ÚÕþ³ö¶àÃÅ£¬¹ÜÀí»ìÂÛ |
|
ÊÊÓ㺽ϸ´ÔӵĹÜÀí¹¤×÷ |
||
|
Ö±ÏߣְÄܽṹ |
¢Ù¿Ë·þÕþ³ö¶àÃÅ ¢Ú¾ö²ß¿ÆÑ§»¯¡¢ÃñÖ÷»¯ |
¢Ù´¹Ö±Áìµ¼ÅųâˮƽÁìµ¼ ¢Ú¹ØÏµ¸ü¼Ó¸´ÔÓ |
|
¾ØÕó½á¹¹ |
¢Ù¹¹³ÉÎȶ¨¡¢×é֯ЧÂÊ¸ß ¢Ú¸ü¼ÓÁé»î£¬ÊÊÓ¦ÄÜÁ¦Ç¿ |
—— |
|
ÊÊÓ㺴ó¶àÊý¹«¹²×éÖ¯£¬¾ØÕó½á¹¹·Ç³£ÆÕ±é£¬¹æÄ£½Ï´ó |
||
3¡¢ÅÔϵ×éÖ¯½á¹¹£¨collateral organization£©£ºÊǴӿƲã½á¹¹µÄÕýʽ³ÉÔ±Öгé³öÒ»²¿·ÖÈË£¬°´×ÔÓÉÁªºÏµÄ·½Ê½×é³ÉÄ³Ò»ÌØ¶¨µÄ³£Éè»ú¹¹£¬À´½â¾öÌØ¶¨ÎÊÌâ¡£Óë¾ØÕó½á¹¹²»Í¬µÄÊÇÅÔϵ×éÖ¯ÔÚÍê³ÉÈÎÎñʱ²¢²»Óë×Ô¼ºµÄ±¾Ö°¹¤×÷ÍêÈ«ÍÑÀë¡££¨Èç“ѧÊõίԱ»á”µÈ£©
Èý¡¢ÎÒ¹úÕþ¸®×éÖ¯µÄ½á¹¹
1¡¢×ÝÏò½á¹¹ÓëºáÏò½á¹¹
×ÝÏò½á¹¹£¨²ã´Î½á¹¹£©ÊÇ·´Ó³ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÄÚÈô¸É²ã´ÎÖÐÌØ±ðÊÇÉÏϲã´ÎÖ®¼äµÄÁìµ¼Óë·þ´ÓµÄ¹ØÏµ¡£ºê¹ÛÉÏÖ¸¸÷¼¶ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯¼äµÄ²ã¼¶¹ØÏµ£¬Î¢¹ÛÉÏÖ¸ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿µÄ¹¤×÷²ã¼¶¹ØÏµ¡£
ºáÏò½á¹¹£¨·Ö²¿½á¹¹£©·´Ó³µÄÊÇͬ¼¶ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯Ö®¼äºÍ¸÷ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯»ò²¿ÃÅÖ®¼ä·Ö¹¤Ð×÷µÄÀ´Íù¹ØÏµ¡£ºáÏò½á¹¹Öи÷²¿ÃŶ¼ÓÐÃ÷È·µÄ¹¤×÷·¶Î§ºÍÏàÓ¦µÄȨÔð»®·Ö£¬¸÷²¿ÃÅÖ®¼äÊÇÒ»ÖÖÆ½ÐйØÏµ¡£
ÔÚÎÒ¹ú£¬ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÖкáÏò½á¹¹·þ´ÓÓÚ×ÝÏò½á¹¹¡£
2¡¢ÎÒ¹úµÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯½á¹¹
£¨1£©ÎÒ¹úµÄÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯¿ÉÒÔ¿É·ÖΪÖÐÑëÓëµØ·½ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯Á½´óÀà¡£
£¨2£©ÖÐÑë¼´Ö¸ÖÐÑëÈËÃñÕþ¸®Ò»¼¶£¬µØ·½Õþ¸®·ÖΪÈýÖÖÀàÐÍ£º¢ÙÁ½¼¶ÖÆ¢ÚÈý¼¶ÖÆ¢ÛËļ¶ÖÆ
3¡¢ÎÒ¹úÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀí²¿ÃŵĻ®·Ö
ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯µÄ»î¶¯µÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔÒ²¾ö¶¨Á˽ö½ö°´Ö°ÄÜ·½Ê½»®·Ö²¿ÃÅÊDz»¹»µÄ£¨°´Ö°ÄÜ»®·ÖΪҵÎñ²¿Ãź͸¨Öú²¿ÃÅ£©£¬»¹Ó¦½áºÏÆäËû·½Ê½À´½øÐзֲ¿£¬Ö÷ÒªÓТٰ´µØÇø»®·Ö¢Ú°´·þÎñ¶ÔÏó»®·Ö¢Û°´ÐÐÒµºÍ²úÆ·ÀàÐÍ»®·Ö¡£
ËÄ¡¢ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆµÄ»ù±¾ÀàÐÍ
1¡¢Ê׳¤ÖƺÍÎ¯Ô±ÖÆ——¸ù¾ÝÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÖÐ×î¸ß¾ö²ßȨËùÊôÈËÊý»®·Ö
£¨1£©¶¨Òå
A¡¢Ê׳¤ÖÆ£¨Ò»³¤ÖÆ¡¢¶ÀÈÎÖÆ£©Ö¸ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯µÄ×î¸ß¾ö²ßȨ¹éÒ»¸öÐÐÕþÊ׳¤Ö´ÕƵÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
B¡¢Î¯Ô±ÖÆ£¨ºÏÒéÖÆ£©Ö¸ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯µÄ·¨¶¨×î¸ß¾ö²ßȨÓÉÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵÄίԱͨ¹ýίԱ»áÒ鼯ÌåÖ´ÕÆµÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
£¨2£©ÓÅȱµã
|
|
Óŵã |
ȱµã |
|
Ê׳¤ÖÆ |
ȨÁ¦¼¯ÖУ¬ÔðÈÎÃ÷È·£¬Ö¸»ÓÁéÃôÓÐÁ¦¡£
|
ÈÝÒ×µ¼ÖÂÀÄÓÃȨÁ¦£¬¶À¶ÏרÐУ¬Ñ¹ÖÆÃñÖ÷¡£ |
|
Î¯Ô±ÖÆ |
¼¯Ë¼¹ãÒæ£¬»¥ÏàÇ£ÖÆ£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚȨÁ¦¼à¶½¡£ |
ÔðÈβ»Ã÷È·£¬Á¦Á¿ÄÑÒÔ¼¯ÖУ¬¾ö²ß³Ù»º¡£ |
£¨3£©Ïֽ׶Σ¬ÎÒ¹úʵÐеÄÊÇÊ׳¤ÖÆ£¬Í¬Ê±ÎüÊÕÁËÎ¯Ô±ÖÆµÄ³¤´¦¡£
2¡¢²ã¼¶ÖÆÓëÖ°ÄÜÖÆ——¸ù¾ÝÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯¹¹³Éµ¥Î»µÄ¹¦ÄܺÍÐÔÖÊ»®·Ö
£¨1£©¶¨Òå
A¡¢²ã¼¶ÖÆ£¨·Ö¼¶ÖÆ£©Ö¸ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯×ÝÏò·ÖΪÈô¸É²ã´Î£¬ÉÏϲãÒµÎñÐÔÖÊÏàͬ£¬µ«ÓÐÁ¥Êô¹ØÏµ£¬ÒµÎñ·¶Î§ÓÉÉÏÖÁÏÂÖð²ãËõСµÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
B¡¢Ö°ÄÜÖÆ£¨·ÖÖ°ÖÆ£©Ö¸ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ºáÏòÒÀ¾Ý²»Í¬µÄÒµÎñÐÔÖÊ¡¢Ö°ÄܶøÆ½Ðл®·ÖÈô¸É²¿ÃÅ£¬Ã¿¸ö²¿ÃÅËù¹ÜÒµÎñÄÚÈݲ»Í¬£¬µ«Ëù¹Ü·¶Î§´óС»ù±¾ÏàͬµÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
£¨2£©ÓÅȱµã
|
|
Óŵã |
ȱµã |
|
²ã¼¶ÖÆ |
¢Ù×é֯ϵͳҵÎñÐÎͬ ¢Ú±ãÓÚ¹µÍ¨ ¢ÛȨÁ¦¼¯ÖУ¬ÓÐÖúÓÚͳһָ»Ó |
¢ÙÉϼ¶ÈÎÎñ·±ÖØ£¬¹Ë´Ëʧ±Ë ¢Úȱ·¦·Ö¹¤£¬¹¤×÷µ¯ÐÔС ¢Û¶À¶ÏרÐÐ |
|
Ö°ÄÜÖÆ |
¢Ù·Ö¹¤Ã÷È· ¢ÚÐÐÕþЧÂÊ¸ß |
¢ÙÈ«¾Öе÷²î ¢ÚÔðÈβ»Ã÷ ¢ÛÕþ³ö¶àÃÅ |
£¨3£©Ïֽ׶Σ¬ÎÒ¹úµÄÐÐÕþ×é֯ʵÐÐ²ã¼¶ÖÆºÍÖ°ÄÜÖÆÏà½áºÏµÄË«ÖØÌåÖÆ¡£
3¡¢¼¯È¨ÖÆÓë·ÖÈ¨ÖÆ——¸ù¾ÝÐÐÕþȨÁ¦µÄʹÓÃÌØµã»®·Ö
£¨1£©¶¨Òå
A¡¢¼¯È¨ÖÆÊÇÖ¸ÐÐÕþȨÁ¦¼¯ÖÐÔÚÉϼ¶»ú¹Ø£¬Ï¼¶»ú¹Ø½öÓÐÓÐÏ޵IJÃÁ¿È¨£¬ÐëÒÀ¿¿Éϼ¶»ú¹ØµÄÖ¸Áî°ìʵÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
B¡¢·ÖÈ¨ÖÆÖ¸Ï¼¶×éÖ¯ÔÚÆä¹ÜϽ·¶Î§ÄÚÓнϴó²ÃÁ¿È¨£¬Éϼ¶×éÖ¯²»Óè¸ÉÉæµÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
£¨2£©ÓÅȱµã
|
|
Óŵã |
ȱµã |
|
¼¯È¨ÖÆ |
¢ÙÕþÁîͳһ ¢Ú±ãÓÚ¼¯ÖÐÁ¦Á¿£¬·¢»ÓÓÅÊÆ ¢Ûͳ³ï¼æ¹Ë |
¢Ù²ã¼¶½ÚÖÆ¹ýÑÏ ¢Ú¾ßÓб»¶¯ÐÔ£¬ÎÞ¼¤ÀøÐÔ ¢Û²»ÄÜÒòµØÖÆÒË£¬³¤¹ÙÒâÖ¾ |
|
·ÖÈ¨ÖÆ |
¢ÙÒòµØÖÆÒË£¬ÊÊӦʵ¼Ê ¢ÚȨ¹ó·ÖÃ÷£¬¾ßÓм¤Àø ¢Û·ÀÖ¹¶À¶ÏרÐÐ |
¢ÙȨÁ¦·ÖÉ¢ ¢Úϼ¶Ç£ÖÆÉϼ¶ ¢ÛÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯³åÍ»Óë·ÖÁÑ |
£¨3£©Áª°îÖÆ¹ú¼Ò£¬·ÖÈ¨ÖÆ×îΪÆÕ±é¡£
4¡¢ÍêÕûÖÆÓë·ÖÀëÖÆ——¸ù¾ÝÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÖÐͬһ²ã¼¶¸÷²¿ÃÅËùÊܵÄÖ¸»ÓºÍ¿ØÖÆ»®·Ö
£¨1£©¶¨Òå
A¡¢ÍêÕûÖÆ£¨¼¯Ô¼ÖÆ¡¢Ò»ÔªÍ³ÊôÖÆ£©ÊÇÖ¸ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÖÐͬһ²ã¼¶µÄ¸÷¸ö»ú¹ØÊÜÒ»¸ö»ú¹Ø»òһλÐÐÕþÊ׳¤Ö¸»Ó£¬¼à¶½µÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
B¡¢·ÖÀëÖÆ£¨¶ÀÁ¢ÖÆ¡¢¶àԪͳÊôÖÆ£©ÊÇָͬһ²ã¼¶µÄ¸÷»ú¹ØÊÜÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵĻú¹Ø»òÐÐÕþÊ׳¤µÄÖ¸»Ó¡¢¼à¶½µÄ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆ¡£
£¨2£©ÓÅȱµã
|
|
Óŵã |
ȱµã |
|
ÍêÕûÖÆ |
¢ÙȨÔð¼¯ÖУ¬·Ö¹¤ºÏ×÷ºÃ ¢ÚÓÐÀûÈ«¾Öͳ³ïºÍÐÐÕþÃüÁîµÄÖ´ÐÐ ¢ÛÈ˾¡ÆäÓ㬷¢»ÓöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØÓÅÊÆ |
¢ÙȨÁ¦¹ý·Ö¼¯ÖÐ ¢ÚÊôϵ¥Î»×ÔÖ÷ÐÔ²î ¢ÛÒòÑÊØ¾É |
|
·ÖÀëÖÆ |
¢Ù¶ÀÁ¢ÐԴ󣬴ëÊ©Áé»î ¢Ú·¢»ÓöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ²¿ÃÅÓÅÊÆ ¢Û¾Ö²¿´ëʩʩÐеÃÁ¦ |
¢Ùе÷ºÏ×÷ÄÑ ¢Ú¶À×ÔÐж¯Ôì³ÉÈ«¾Ö»ìÂÒ ¢ÛÐÐÕþЧÂÊϽµ |
£¨3£©ÖйúʵÐÐÍêÕûÖÆ£¬ÃÀ¹úʵÐзÖÀëÖÆ¡£
µÚÈý½Ú ¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÓëÐÐΪ——ÐÅÏ¢ºÍȨÁ¦µÄÔ˶¯£¨·´Ó³×éÖ¯¶¯Ì¬µÄ×´¿ö£©
Ò»¡¢×é֯ȨÁ¦¼°ÆäÔË×÷
×é֯ȨÁ¦ÔË×÷µÄ¶¯Ì¬¹ý³ÌÓë¾ö²ßµÄ¶¯Ì¬¹ý³ÌÊÇͳһµÄ¡£×éÖ¯¹ý³Ì¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö¾ö²ß¹ý³Ì£¬¾ö²ßÊÇÒ»¸ö“ȨÁ¦½ÇÖð”µÄÓÎÏ·¡£
1¡¢È¨Á¦µÄÀ´Ô´
£¨1£©È¨Á¦ÊÇÒ»¸ö×éÖ¯ÖеĸöÈË»ò²¿ÃÅÓ°ÏìËûÈËÒÔ´ïµ½Ô¤ÆÚ½á¹ûµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£
£¨2£©È¨Á¦¾ßÓнṹÐÔÌØÕ÷£¬Ëü·´Ó³×Å×ÝÏò»òºáÏòµÄ×éÖ¯¹ØÏµ£¬´ÓÊôÓÚְλ¶ø·Ç¸öÈË¡£
£¨3£©¸ß¡¢ÖС¢µÍ¹ÜÀíÕßµÄȨÁ¦À´Ô´£¨ÒòΪȨÁ¦À´Ô´ÓëְλÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø£©£º
A¡¢¸ß²ã¹ÜÀíÕßµÄȨÁ¦À´Ô´£º¢ÙÕýʽµÄְλ£»¢ÚËù¿ØÖƵÄ×ÊÔ´£»¢Û¶Ô¾ö²ßǰÌáºÍÐÅÏ¢µÄ¿ØÖÆ£»¢Ü¾ÓÓÚ×éÖ¯µÄÖÐÐÄλÖá£
B¡¢Öвã¹ÜÀíÕßµÄȨÁ¦À´Ô´Ö÷Ҫȡ¾öÓÚ×éÖ¯Éè¼ÆÊ±¶ÔËûÃǵĶ¨Î»¡£
C¡¢µÍ²ã³ÉÔ±µÄȨÁ¦À´Ô´¿É·ÖΪÁ½ÀࣺһÀàÓë¸öÈË×ÊÔ´Óйأ¨ÈçöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ¡¢¼¼ÄÜ£©£»Ò»ÀàÓëְλ×ÊÔ´Óйء£
2¡¢È¨Á¦µÄÔËÐÐ
£¨1£©×ÔÉ϶øÏµÄȨÁ¦ÔËÐеÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ¿ØÖÆÏÂÊô¡£
£¨2£©×Ô϶øÉϵÄȨÁ¦ÔËÐеÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ¿ØÖÆÉϼ¶¡£
£¨3£©ºáÏòȨÁ¦ÔËÐеÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ¿ØÖÆ´¦ÔÚ×óÓÒµÄͬ¼¶³ÉÔ±»ò²¿ÃÅ¡£
3¡¢×éÖ¯ÊÚȨ
£¨1£©×éÖ¯ÊÚȨ·ÖΪÍⲿÊÚȨºÍÄÚ²¿ÊÚȨ¡£ÍⲿÊÚȨָ×éÖ¯¼äµÄÊÚȨ£¬ÈçÖÐÑë¶ÔµØ·½µÄÊÚȨ¡£ÄÚ²¿ÊÚȨָÉϼ¶°ÑȨÁ¦Î¯ÅɸøÏÂÊô£¬ÈÃÏÂÊô¸ü¼Ó×ÔÖ÷µØÍê³ÉÈÎÎñ¡£
£¨2£©ÊÚȨÓÐÀûÓÚÌá¸ß×é֯ЧÄÜ£¬Ôö¼Ó×éÖ¯»îÁ¦£¬ÔöÇ¿ÏÂÊôµÄ¹¤×÷»ý¼«ÐÔ¡¢Ö÷¶¯ÐÔºÍÊÊÓ¦ÐÔ£¬ÔöÇ¿×éÖ¯»îÁ¦¡£ÊÚȨ´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉϽ²¾ÍÊǸø×Ô¼ºÔö¼ÓȨÁ¦£¬¶ø·ÇÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¹ýÈ¥µÄÁãºÍ²©ÞĵĹ۵㡣
¶þ¡¢×éÖ¯³åÍ»Óëе÷
1¡¢×éÖ¯³åÍ»
£¨1£©×éÖ¯³åÍ»²»ÊÇÖ¸×éÖ¯¼ä´æÔÚµÄÄãËÀÎÒ»îµÄ¶·Õù£¬¶øÊÇÖ¸×éÖ®¼äÐÐΪµÄ“²»ºÏÕÞ”¡£×éÖ¯³åÍ»¿ÉÒò×é֯Ŀ±ê¡¢¹ý³Ì¡¢¹Ë¿Í¡¢ÁìÓòµÈÒòËØµÄ²»ÏàÊÊÓ¦¶øÒý·¢¡£
£¨2£©×éÖ¯³åÍ»Ö÷ÒªÓÐÈýÖÖÐÎʽ£º
A¡¢Ä¿±êÓë¹Ë¿ÍµÄ³åÍ»¡£
¢ÙÄ¿±êµ¼ÏòÐÍ×éÖ¯£¨ÃÀ¹úFDA£©Óë¹Ë¿Íµ¼ÏòÐÍ£¨ÍËÎé¾üÈ˹ÜÀí¾Ö£©µÄ³åÍ»¡£
¢Ú×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿µÄÄ¿±êÓë¹Ë¿ÍÒòËØµÄ³åÍ»¡£
B¡¢¹¦ÄÜÓëÁìÓòµÄ³åÍ»¡£ÀýÈçÖÐÑëºÍµØ·½¡£
C¡¢Ä¿±êµÄ³åÍ»¡£×é֯Ŀ±êµÄÿһ´Îµ÷Õû»áÒýÆð×éÖ¯±ß½çµÄ±ä»¯£¬´Ó¶øÒý·¢×éÖ¯³åÍ»£¬ÆäÄ¿±ê·¢Éú½»²æ£¬¸üÒ×ÒýÆð³åÍ»¡£
2¡¢×é֯е÷
£¨1£©Ë®Æ½Ðµ÷ÊÇÖ¸×éÖ¯¼äˮƽ·½ÏòÉϵĺÏ×÷¡£ÆäÖ÷Òª·½Ê½Îª£º
A¡¢ÓëÀûÒæÏà¹Ø×éÖ¯¼ä´ï³ÉÐÒ飬Ã÷È·Ï໥±ß½ç£»
B¡¢ÔÚ¹²Í¬²ÎÓëÁìÓò£¬³ÉÁ¢»ú¹¹¼äίԱ»á½øÐÐе÷£»
C¡¢Ö¸¶¨Ä³¸ö»ú¹¹À´Ðµ÷ÌØ¶¨·¶Î§ÄÚËùÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ»î¶¯£»
D¡¢½¨Á¢Ò»¶¨µÄ¾ö²ß³ÌÐòʹÀûÒæÏà¹Ø×éÖ¯¶¼Óлú»á¶ÔÆäÖÐÈκÎ×éÖ¯µÄÌáÒé½øÐÐÉóÒé¡£
£¨2£©´¹Ö±Ðµ÷ÒÀ¿¿×éÖ¯µÄµÈ¼¶È¨ÍþÀ´Íê³Éе÷£¬ÊÇÉϼ¶¶Ôϼ¶×éÖ¯³åÍ»½øÐеÄе÷¡£
3¡¢×éÖ¯ºÏ×÷Ä£ÐÍ
£¨1£©×éÖ¯ºÏ×÷Ä£Ð͵ÄÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷£º¢ÙʵÐÐСÍÅÌå¿ØÖÆ£»¢Ú·¢Õ¹¾ßÓи߲ÎÓëÐÔµÄ×éÖ¯ÎÄ»¯£»¢Û¾ºÕùÒÔʱ¼äΪ»ù´¡£¬¢ÜÊÇЧÂʵľºÕù£»¢Ý³ÉÁ¢×ÔÎÒ¹ÜÀíµÄÍŶӵȡ£
£¨2£©×éÖ¯ºÏ×÷µÄÒæ´¦ºÍ³åÍ»´øÀ´µÄËðʧ£º
|
ºÏ×÷µÄÒæ´¦ |
³åÍ»´øÀ´µÄËðʧ |
|
1¡¢Ìá¸ß¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ |
1¡¢¾«Á¦µÄ·ÖÉ¢ |
|
2¡¢¹ÍÔ±µÄÍŽáºÍÂúÒâ |
2¡¢¸Ä±äÁËÅжÏÁ¦ |
|
3¡¢×é֯Ŀ±êµÄʵÏÖ |
3¡¢Ê§°ÜÕßЧӦ |
|
4¡¢´´ÐºÍÊÊÓ¦ |
4¡¢Ðµ÷²»¼Ñ |
Èý¡¢¸öÌåÐÐΪÓë×éÖ¯ÐÐΪ
1¡¢XÀíÂÛÓëYÀíÂÛ
£¨1£©¼òµ¥¶øÑÔ£¬XÀíÂÛÊÇ“ÐÔ¶ñÂÛ”£¬YÀíÂÛÊÇ“ÐÔÉÆÂÛ”¡£Æä¼Ù¶¨£º
A¡¢XÀíÂÛ£º¢ÙÈËÒ»°ãÉúÀ´Ñá¶ñ¹¤×÷£¬Ö»ÒªÓпÉÄܾÍÏëÌӱܹ¤×÷¡£¢Ú¶Ô´ó¶àÊýÈËÐ붯Óóͷ£´ëÊ©ÒÔ±Þ²ßËûÃÇŬÁ¦ÊµÏÖ×é֯Ŀ±ê¡£¢ÛÔ¸ÒâÊÜÈËÖ¸»Ó£¬Ï£ÍûÌÓ±ÜÔðÈΣ¬Ã»ÓнøÈ¡ÐÄ£¬°²È«ÖØÓÚÒ»ÇС£
B¡¢YÀíÂÛ£º¢Ù²¢·ÇÌìÉú²»Ï²»¶¹¤×÷¡£¢Ú³Í·£²¢·ÇΨһÊֶΣ¬×ÔÎÒ¿ØÖÆ¡¢×ÔÎÒÖ¸»Ó¡£¢ÛÈô»Ø±¨³ÉÕý±ÈÀý£¬²úÉúÏ×ÉíÓÚ×é֯Ŀ±êµÄŬÁ¦¡£¢ÜѰÇóÔðÈΡ£¢Ý½â¾ö×éÖ¯ÎÊÌâÐèÔ±¹¤½Ï¸ßˮƽµÄÏëÏñÁ¦¡¢·¢Ã÷ºÍ´´ÔìÄÜÁ¦¡£¢ÞÒ»°ãÈ˵ÄÖÇÁ¦Ç±ÄÜÖ»ÊDz¿·ÖµÃµ½ÀûÓá£
£¨2£©XÀíÂÛ±»ÈÏΪ½âÊÍÁ˹ŵäÄ£ÐÍ×éÖ¯ÖÐÈ˵ÄÐÐΪ£¬YÀíÂÛÔòµì¶¨ÁËÉç»áÐÄÀíѧµÄÈËÐÔÂÛ¡£
2¡¢¹«¹²ÐÐÕþÈËÔ±ÐÐΪ
£¨1£©µÚÒ»ÖÖÊÇ“³ÉÈË·¢Õ¹Ä£ÐÍ”¡£Ëü»ùÓÚÉç»áÐÄÀíѧ¹ØÓÚÈËÉú·¢Õ¹½×¶ÎÌØÕ÷µÄ¹ÛÄî¡£
£¨2£©µÚ¶þÖÖÊÇ“ÎÄ»¯ÐÐΪģÐÍ”¡£¼´²»Í¬µÄÃñ×åÎÄ»¯£¬ÐÐÕþÈËÔ±ÐÐΪ²»Í¬¡£Ãñ×åÎÄ»¯°üÀ¨£ºÈ¨Á¦¾àÀë¡¢±ÜÃⲻȷ¶¨ÐÔ¡¢¸öÈËÖ÷Ò壼¯ÌåÖ÷Òå¡¢¸ÕÐÔÆøÖÊ£ÈáÐÔÆøÖÊ¡¢³¤ÆÚÈ¡Ïò£¶ÌÆÚÈ¡ÏòµÈ¡£
£¨3£©µÚÈýÖÖÊÇ“ÕþÖÎÐÐΪģÐÍ”¡£¼´Í¨¹ýÕþÖÎÒòËØÃèÊö¸öÌåÐÐΪ¡£¢ÙÏçÏÂÐÍ¡¢¶¼ÊÐÐÍ¢ÚÖÆÊ½Ð͹ÙÁÅ¡¢öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØÐÍÈËÔ±¡¢»ìºÏÐÍÈËÊ¿¡£
3¡¢¹«¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛÓë×éÖ¯ÐÐΪ
£¨1£©¹«¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛ£¨ÀíÐÔÑ¡ÔñÀíÂÛ£©µÄ¼ÙÉèÌõ¼þ£º
¹«¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛ¼Ù¶¨×éÖ¯ÖеĸöÌåÊÇ“ÈË”£¬¸öÌåÐÐΪ¾ßÓГ¾¼ÃÈË”µÄÌØÕ÷£ºÆäÒ»£¬¾¼ÃÈËÊÇÀíÐԵģ¬×ÜÊÇ×ö³öÓÐÀûÓÚ×ÔÉíÀûÒæµÄÑ¡Ôñ£»Æä¶þ£¬¾¼ÃÈË×·ÇóÊǵÄ×ÔÉíÀûÒæµÄ×î´ó»¯¡£
£¨2£©¹«¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛµÄÖ÷Òª¹ÛµãºÍÎÊÌâ
¢Ù×éÖ¯ÐÐΪµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇΪÁËÔö½øÆä³ÉÔ±µÄÀûÒæ£¬¸öÌåÐÐΪµÄÄ¿±êÓë×éÖ¯ÐÐΪµÄÄ¿±êÊÇÒ»Öµġ£
¢Ú×éÖ¯ÐÐΪ²úÉúµÄÊÕÒæÊǹ«¹²ÎïÆ·¡£
¢Û“¾¼ÃÈË”£¨ÀíÐÔÈË£©µÄ¼ÙÉè±íÃ÷ÈËÃDz»»áΪ×éÖ¯µÄ¹«¹²ÀûÒæ¶ø²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯£¬Ïà·´»á²úÉú“´î±ã³µ”ÎÊÌâ¡£
¢Ü¼¯ÌåÀûÒæ°üÀ¨ÏàÈÝÐÔ¼¯ÌåÀûÒæºÍÅÅËûÐÔ¼¯ÌåÀûÒæ¡£ÓëÀûÒæÊÇÅÅËûÐÔµÄ×éÖ¯Ïà±È£¬ÏàÈÝÐÔÀûÒæµÄ×éÖ¯¸üÓпÉÄÜʵÏÖ¼¯ÌåÄ¿±ê£¬µ«Ò²²»ÄܱÜÃâ“´î±ã³µ”µÄÎÊÌâ¡£
£¨3£©¹«¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛ¶ÔÕþ¸®ÐÐΪµÄÖØÒªÂÛµã
¹« ¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛ¶ÔÕþ¸®ÐÐΪµÄ½âÊÍÈÏΪÕþ¸®¼°Æä¹ÙÔ±ÊÇÔ¤Ëã×î´óÕߣ¬»áÏ뾡һÇа취Ôö¼ÓÔ¤Ë㣬À©´óÖ§³ö£¬´Ó¶ø»áµ¼ÖÂÕþ¸®¹æÄ£²»¶ÏÅòÕÍ¡¢Ôö¼ÓÔ¤Ëã¡¢À©´óÖ§³öµÈÏÖÏó¡£ ÆäÔÒòÊÇ£º¢ÙÕþ¸®Ò²ÊǾ¼ÃÈË£»¢Ú´¦ÓÚ¢¶Ï»·¾³£¬È±·¦Ìá¸ßЧÂÊ¡¢½µµÍËðºÄµÄ¼¤Àø»úÖÆ£»¢Û¿ÉÒÔΪÕþ¸®´øÀ´Ä³ÖÖÉùÓþ¡¢ÍþÍûºÍ¹ÙÔ±µÄ¹¤×Ê¡¢ÌØÈ¨¡£
µÚËÄ½Ú ¹«¹²×éÖ¯»·¾³
Ò»¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÉú̬»·¾³
1¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯»·¾³µÄ¶¨ÒåÓë×é³É
¹«¹²×éÖ¯»·¾³¾ÍÊÇÖ¸¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÉíÍâËùÓÐÄܹ»Ö±½Ó»ò¼ä½Ó¶Ó×éÖ¯´æÔÚÓë·¢Õ¹²úÉúÓ°ÏìµÄÒòËØµÄ×ܺ͡£
2¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÉú̬»·¾³µÄ¹¹³É¼°Æäϵͳ
¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÉú̬»·¾³Ö÷ÒªÊÇÖ¸×éÖ¯ÔËÐеÄÍⲿ»·¾³£¬¼´ºê¹Û»·¾³£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊǰüÀ¨´æÔÚÓÚ×éÖ¯Ö®ÍâµÄÖн黷¾³¡£[1]Ò»¸öÍêÕûµÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯»·¾³½á¹¹Ó¦ÖÁÉÙ°üÀ¨ÒÔÏÂ×Óϵͳ»·¾³£ºÕþÖλ·¾³¡¢¾¼Ã»·¾³¡¢ÎÄ»¯»·¾³¡¢¿Æ¼¼»·¾³¡¢ÈËÁ¦»·¾³¡¢½ÌÓý»·¾³¡¢·¨ÖÆ»·¾³¡¢×ÊÔ´»·¾³¡¢Éç»á»·¾³¡£[2]
¶þ¡¢×éÖ¯»·¾³µÄ»ù±¾¹¹³ÉÒòËØ
1¡¢ÕþÖλ·¾³
£¨1£©×÷ÓãºÕþÖλ·¾³Ö±½Ó¶Ô¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÐÐΪ¹æ·¶ºÍÒýµ¼²úÉúÓ°Ïì¡£
£¨2£©»ù±¾ÒªËØ£º°üÀ¨ÕþÖÎÌåÖÆ¡¢ÕþÖÎȨÁ¦¡¢¹ú¼Ò½á¹¹¡¢Õþ¸®»ú¹¹¡¢Õþµ³Öƶȡ¢¹«¹²¾ö²ßµÈ·½Ãæ¡£
£¨3£©±íÏÖ£º¢ÙÕþÖÎÌåÖÆÈ·¶¨Á˹«¹²×éÖ¯ÔÚÉç»áÕþÖÎÉú»îÖеĵØÎ»ºÍ×÷Óã»
¢ÚÕþÖÎȨÁ¦»®·Ö¸³Ó蹫¹²×éÖ¯Ó°ÏìÁ¦ºÍÔ¼ÊøÁ¦£¬²¢¹´ÀÕ³ö²»Í¬×éÖ¯¼äµÄÕþÖιØÏµ£»
¢Û¹ú¼Ò½á¹¹ÐÎʽ¾ö¶¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ»î¶¯·¶Î§£»
¢ÜÕþ¸®»ú¹¹ÉèÁ¢ÒâζÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯Óг¬Ô½ÆäËû¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄȨÁ¦£¬ÊôÓÚ×éÖ¯Éú̬ȦÖеÄÇ¿Õß
¢ÝÕþµ³ÖƶÈʹ²¿·Ö¹«¹²×é֯ǿÓÐÁ¦µÄ¼¯ÌåÐж¯²ÎÓ빫¹²¾ö²ß£»
¢Þ¹«¹²Õþ²ßÊÇ×éÖ¯ÕþÖλµÄ½á¹û£¬Ò²Êǹ«¹²×é֯ʩ¼ÓÓ°ÏìµÄ¹¤¾ßºÍÍ×кͽâµÄͨµÀ
2¡¢¾¼Ã»·¾³
£¨1£©×÷Ó㺾¼Ã»·¾³¶Ô¹«¹²×éÖ¯¶¯»úºÍÐÐΪÆð×ÅÖØÒª¾ö¶¨×÷Óá£
£¨2£©»ù±¾ÒªËØ£º°üÀ¨¾¼ÃÌåÖÆ¡¢¾¼ÃÀûÒæ¡¢¾¼ÃʵÁ¦¡¢²úÒµ½á¹¹µÈ·½Ãæ¡£
£¨3£©±íÏÖ£º¢Ù¾¼ÃÌåÖÆ¾ö¶¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÐÐΪ·½Ê½£»
¢Ú¾¼ÃÀûÒæ¾ö¶¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÄ¿±ê£»
¢Û¾¼ÃʵÁ¦Îª¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÌṩȨÁ¦À´Ô´£»
¢Ü²úÒµ½á¹¹Ó°Ï칫¹²×éÖ¯µÄ·¢Õ¹¡£
3¡¢ÎÄ»¯»·¾³
£¨1£©×÷ÓãºÎÄ»¯Êǹ«¹²×éÖ¯ÐÐΪ·½Ê½µÄÄý¹Ì»¯±íÏÖ£¬¶Ô¹«¹²×éÖ¯Ó°ÏìÏà¶Ô³Ù»º£¬×÷ÓÃʱ¼ä¸ü³¤¡£
£¨2£©»ù±¾ÒªËØ£ºÈÏÖª¡¢¼ÛÖµ¡¢ÒâʶÐÎ̬¡¢ÐÐΪ¹æ·¶¡¢µÀµÂ´«Í³µÈ·½Ãæ¡£
£¨3£©±íÏÖ£º¢ÙÈÏ֪ˮƽ¾ö¶¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯¶Ô¹«¹²ÎÊÌâµÄÈ·¶¨ºÍ´¦Àí·½Ê½£»
¢Ú¼ÛÖµ×óÓÒ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¶Ô´ýÉç»áÊÂÎñµÄ̬¶È£»
¢ÛÒâʶÐÎ̬ʹ¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÕþÖΡ¢¾¼ÃÀûÒæÄ¿±ê¸üÃ÷ÏÔ£»
¢ÜÐÐΪ¹æ·¶¾ö¶¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÓëÆäËû×éÖ¯Ö®¼äÒԺϷ¨ºÏÀíµÄ·½Ê½½øÐйµÍ¨½»Á÷£»
¢ÝµÀµÂ´«Í³Ê¹¹«¹²×éÖ¯×ÔÔ¸°çÑÝÌØ¶¨Éç»á½ÇÉ«£¬·¢»Ó½ÇÉ«¹¦ÄÜ¡£
4¡¢¼¼Êõ»·¾³
£¨1£©×÷Ó㺼¼ÊõÒòËØ±¾ÉíÊǹ«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¹¹³ÉÒªËØÖ®Ò»£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÖÆÔ¼×éÖ¯µÄ¹ÜÀíºÍ»î¶¯·½Ê½·½·¨¡£
£¨2£©»ù±¾ÒªËØ£º¾Ñé¼¼Êõ¡¢ÊµÌå¼¼Êõ¡¢ÖªÊ¶¼¼Êõ
£¨3£©±íÏÖ£¨ÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ£©£º¢ÙÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃʹ×éÖ¯½á¹¹Ä£Ê½³öÏÖÁ˓ȥÖÐÐÄ»¯”µÄÇ÷ÊÆ£»
¢Ú¼ÆËã»úÍøÂçµÄ³öÏÖʹ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¹ÜÀí·½Ê½·¢ÉúÁ˱仯£»
¢ÛÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõÒÔ¼°ÆäËûм¼ÊõµÄÒýÓøıäÁË×éÖ¯ÔË×÷µÄÎïÖÊÒÀ¿¿Ìõ¼þ£¬Ê¹
×éÖ¯¹ý³ÌËõ¶Ì£¬×é֯ЧÂÊÌá¸ß£¬ÊÊÓ¦ÐÔÔöÇ¿£»
¢Ü¼¼Êõ¿ª·¢Ó봴еÄÄÚÔÚ¶¯Á¦Ê¹×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿·Ö»¯³öרÃŽøÐм¼Êõ´´ÐµIJ¿
ÃÅ£¬´´Ð³ÉΪÖ÷Ìâ¡£
5¡¢¹«¹²ÓßÂÛ»·¾³
£¨1£©¹«¹²ÓßÂÛÒòËØÉøÍ¸ÔÚÉÏÊö¸÷»·¾³ÒòËØÖУ¬²¢ÐγÉÏà¶Ô¶ÀÁ¢µÄ¹«¹²ÓßÂÛ»·¾³¡£
£¨2£©¹«¹²ÓßÂÛÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏ×óÓÒ׏«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÄ¿±êºÍÐÐΪ¡£
Èý¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ±ä¸ïÓë·¢Õ¹
1¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª·ÅµÄϵͳ£¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÐèÒª½øÐбä¸ï/ Ϊʲô¹«¹²×éÖ¯Òª½¨Á¢³É¿ª·Åϵͳ£¿£©
£¨1£©¿ª·Åʹ¹«¹²×éÖ¯Äܹ»½¨Á¢ÆðÍêÉÆµÄг´úл»úÖÆ¡££¨¹«¹²×éÖ¯Óë×éÖ¯»·¾³µÄÊÊÓ¦£©
£¨2£©¿ª·ÅµÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¾ßÓÐÔÙÉú¹¦ÄÜ£¬Äܹ»ÊµÏÖ×éÖ¯µÄÔÙÉú²ú¡£×éÖ¯±ä¸ïÊÇ×éÖ¯·¢Õ¹µÄ±ØÈ»Ñ¡Ôñ¡££¨×ÔÉíÊÊÓ¦»¯½âÍⲿ³åÍ»£©
2¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÉúÃüÖÜÆÚ£ºÊÇÖ¸¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ²úÉú¡¢³É³¤ºÍ×îÖÕË¥ÂäµÄÇé¿ö¡£¼´²úÉú£¨´´Òµ£©½×¶Î¡¢¼¯Ì廯½×¶Î¡¢¹æ·¶»¯½×¶Î¡¢¾«Ï¸½×¶Î¡£
|
|
ÌØÕ÷ |
Ö÷ÒªÎÊÌâ |
|
²úÉú£¨´´Òµ£©½×¶Î |
¢Ù×éÖ¯¹æÄ£Ð¡£¬½á¹¹²»½¡È« ¢Ú×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíÒÔ¸öÈË´´ÔìÐÔ·½Ê½ÎªÖ÷ ¢Û×éÖ¯Óë»·¾³½»»»»îÔ¾ |
¢Ùȱ·¦ÓÐЧµÄ¹ÜÀíÕߺ͹ÜÀí»úÖÆ ¢Ú×é֯Ŀ±ê²»¹»ÇåÎú ¢Û×éÖ¯¼ÝÔ¦ÄÚ²¿¹æÄ£À©ÕÅÓëÍⲿ»·¾³±ä»¯µÄÄܹ»²»Ç¿ ¢Ü¹«¹²²úÆ·ºÍ·þÎñÆ·ÖÖÌṩµ¥Ò» |
|
¼¯Ì廯½×¶Î |
¢Ù×éÖ¯¹æÄ£Ñ¸ËÙÀ©´ó£¬Ä¿±êÃ÷È·£¬½á¹¹½¡È« ¢Ú´¹Ö±ºÍˮƽÁìµ¼¹ØÏµ³ÉÐÍ£¬×éÖ¯¹ÜÀí¿ªÊ¼¹æ·¶»¯£¬·ÇÈ˸ñ»¯¡£ ¢Û¹«¹²²úÆ·ºÍ·þÎñÆ·ÖÖÌṩ¶àÑù»¯£¬²¢¿ªÊ¼Çø·ÖÖ÷¡¢¸¨²úÆ· |
¸ß²ã¹ÜÀíÕßÓë»ù²ã¹ÜÀíÕßµÄȨÁ¦Ã¬¶Ü£¬×éÖ¯³öÏÖ³åÍ» |
|
¹æ·¶»¯½×¶Î |
¢Ù½á¹¹¸ü¼Ó½¡È« ¢Ú×éÖ¯¹ÜÀí¹æ·¶»¯£¬³öÏÖеÄöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ»¯·Ö¹¤£¬ÊÚȨ¹ÜÀí´úÌæÖ±½Ó¹ÜÀí·½Ê½ ¢Û¸ü×¢ÖØ²úÆ·»ò·þÎñµÄÖÊÁ¿ ¢Ü×éÖ¯¶Ô»·¾³µÄÊÊÓ¦ÄÜÁ¦Ç¿ |
ÑÏÃܹæÕÂÖÆ¶Èµ¼Ö¹ÙÁÅÏ°ÆøµÄÐγɣ¬×éÖ¯¹ý³ÌÖз±ÎÄçȽڽµµÍЧÂÊ£¬´´ÐÂÊܵ½ÏÞÖÆ |
|
¾«Ï¸½×¶Î |
¢Ù¹ÜÀíÕß¿ªÊ¼±ä¸ï×éÖ¯½á¹¹ÒÔÌá¸ßЧÂÊ ¢Ú×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿½øÒ»²½·Ö»¯£¬¹ÜÀíȨ½øÒ»²½Ïò»ù²ãÏ·Š¢Û¹«¹²²úÆ·ºÍ·þÎñÖÖÀà¶à |
¹ÙÁÅÏ°ÆøÈÕÒæÑÏÖØ£¬µ¼ÖÂ×éÖ¯½©»¯£¬¶Ô»·¾³ÌôÕ½·´Ó³³Ù»º¡£ |
Ç÷ÊÆ×ܽ᣺
£¨1£©×éÖ¯µÄ¹æÄ£ÓÉСµ½´ó£¬×é֯Ŀ±êÈÕÒæÃ÷È·£¬¿Æ²ãÖÆ½á¹¹ÈÕÒæ½¡È«¡£
£¨2£©×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíÓɸöÈË´´ÔìÐÔ·½Ê½±äΪ¹æ·¶»¯¡¢ÖƶȻ¯¡¢·ÇÈ˸ñ»¯¡£Í¬Ê±öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ·Ö¹¤¸ü¼Óϸ»¯£¬¹ÜÀíȨÁ¦Öð²½Óɸ߲ãÏò»ù²ãÏ·š£
£¨3£©×éÖ¯¶Ô»·¾³µÄµÄÊÊÓ¦ÐÔ²»¶Ï¼ÓÇ¿£¬µ«Îȶ¨Ö®ºóÒ²»áϽµ¡£
£¨4£©¹«¹²²úÆ·ºÍ·þÎñÖÖÀàµÄÌṩÈÕÒæ¶àÑù»¯£¬²¢ÇÒ¸ü¼Ó×¢ÖØ²úÆ·ºÍ·þÎñµÄÖÊÁ¿¡£
£¨5£©²úÉúµÄÎÊÌâÖ÷ÒªÊDz㼶¼äȨÁ¦µÄì¶Ü£¬ÐγɹÙÁÅÏ°Æø£¬×éÖ¯½©»¯µ¼ÖÂЧÂʽµµÍÒÔ¼°¶ÔÍⲿ»·¾³ºÍÊÊÓ¦£¨ÌôÕ½£©ÄÜÁ¦Ï½µ£¬´´ÐÂÄÜÁ¦ËæÖ®Ï½µ¡£
3¡¢×éÖ¯±ä¸ï¹ý³Ì
£¨1£©×éÖ¯±ä¸ï²»ÊÇÒ»¸ö×ÔÎÒÊÊÓ¦µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬¶øÊÇÒ»¸öÓÐ×éÖ¯¡¢Óмƻ®µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£
£¨2£©×éÖ¯±ä¸ïµÄÄ¿±ê£ºA¡¢Ò»ÊÇÌá¸ß¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÊÊÓ¦»·¾³µÄÄÜÁ¦
B¡¢¶þÊÇÌá¸ß¹«¹²×éÖ¯¹¤×÷µÄ¼¨Ð§
C¡¢ÈýÊÇʹ¹«¹²×éÖ¯³Ðµ£¸ü¶àµÄ¹«¹²ÔðÈÎ
£¨3£©×éÖ¯±ä¸ïµÄ¹ý³Ì£ºA¡¢¶ÔΣ»úµÄ¸ÐÖª
B¡¢±ä¸ï·½ÏòµÄÈ·¶¨
C¡¢±ä¸ï·½°¸µÄʵʩ
D¡¢¼à¶½µ÷Õû
4¡¢×éÖ¯±ä¸ïµÄ»ý¼«Êµ¼ù——Õþ¸®ÔÙÔ죨 20C 90Y£©
£¨1£©Õþ¸®ÔÙÔ죨reengineering governance£©µÄ¸ÅÄî[3]
Õþ ¸®ÔÙÔìÊÇÖ¸¶Ô¹«¹²ÌåÖÆºÍ¹«¹²×éÖ¯½øÐиù±¾ÐÔµÄתÐÍ£¬ÒÔ´ó·ùÌá¸ßЧÄÜ¡¢Ð§ÂÊ¡¢ÊÊÓ¦ÐÔÒÔ¼°´´ÐµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬²¢Í¨¹ý±ä¸ï×é֯Ŀ±ê¡¢×éÖ¯¼¤Àø¡¢ÔðÈλúÖÆ¡¢È¨Á¦½á¹¹ÒÔ¼° ×éÖ¯ÎÄ»¯µÈÀ´Íê³ÉÕâÖÖתÐ͹ý³Ì¡£¼òµ¥µØËµ£¬Õþ¸®ÔÙÔì¾ÍÊÇÓÃÆóÒµ»¯ÌåÖÆÀ´È¡´ú¹ÙÁÅÖÆ£¬¼´´´Ôì¾ßÓд´Ð¹ßÐÔºÍÖÊÁ¿³ÖÐø¸Ä½øµÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯ºÍ¹«¹²ÌåÖÆ£¬¶ø²»±Ø¿¿ÍâÁ¦ Çýʹ¡£
£¨2£©Õþ¸®ÔÙÔìµÄÕ½ÂÔºÍ;¾¶——5CÕ½ÂÔ£¨Ïê¼û±¾ÊéP73£©
¸´Ï°ÑÓÉ죺Çë²ûÊöÕþ¸®ÔÙÔìµÄÕ½ÂÔºÍ;¾¶¡£
5¡¢×éÖ¯±ä¸ïÇ÷ÊÆ
¹ØÓÚ×éÖ¯±ä¸ïÇ÷ÊÆµÄÑо¿£º
A¡¢Ò»ÊÇ×ÅÑÛÓÚ¾¼Ãʱ´ú×éÖ¯ÌØÕ÷¼°ÄÚ²¿¸öÌå×÷Óõı仯¡£Èç“ѧϰÐÍ×éÖ¯”ÂÛ¡£
B¡¢¶þÊÇ×ÅÑÛÓÚ×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄ±ä»¯¡£Èç“ÎÞ·ì×éÖ¯”ÂÛ[4]ÒÔ¼°“ÍøÂç×éÖ¯”ÂÛ¡¢“ÐéÄâ×éÖ¯”Â۵ȡ£
C¡¢ÈýÊÇ×ÅÑÛÓÚ×éÖ¯¹¦Äܵı仯¡£Èç “Õþ¸®ÔÙÔì”ÂÛ¡£
¸´Ï°ÑÓÉ죺“ÍêÃÀ”Õþ¸®×éÖ¯µÄÊ®¸ö±ê×¼ÊÇʲô£¿
±¾ÕÂÖØµãÄѵã
»ù±¾¸ÅÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯»·¾³¡¢Õþ¸®ÔÙÔì
ÎÊÌ⣺
1¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯¡¢µÚÈý²¿ÃÅ×éÖ¯Óë˽ÈË×éÖ¯µÄ²îÒ죿
2¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¹¹³ÉÒªËØ£¿
3¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¹ÅµäÄ£ÐÍ¡¢¹ÙÁÅÄ£ÐÍ¡¢µÚÈý²¿ÃÅÄ£Ð͵ÄÌØµã£¿
4¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÒ»°ã½á¹¹ÐÎʽ֮¸÷ÖÖÀàÐͼ°ÆäÓÅȱµã£¿
5¡¢ÐÐÕþ×éÖ¯ÌåÖÆµÄ»ù±¾ÀàÐͼ°ÆäÓÅȱµã£¿
6¡¢XÀíÂÛ¡¢YÀíÂ۵Ļù±¾¼Ù¶¨£¿
7¡¢×éÖ¯»·¾³µÄ»ù±¾¹¹³ÉÒªËØ£¿
8¡¢ÆÀÎö¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ±ä¸ï¼°Æä·¢Õ¹£¿
[1] ´ËÍ⣬ҲÓв»Í¬µÄÐÐÕþÉú̬ѧ¼ÒÈÏΪÊǺê¹Û»·¾³¡¢Öн黷¾³¡¢Î¢¹Û»·¾³¡£
[2] ÿһ¸ö×ÓϵͳÓÖ°üÀ¨Èô¸Éϲãϵͳ»·¾³¡£¶ø¹ú¼Ê»·¾³·Ö±ðÉøÍ¸ÓÚÕâЩ×Óϵͳ»·¾³¼°ÆäϲãϵͳÖС£
[3] “Õþ ¸®ÔÙÔì”ÂÛ³ö×Ô¡¶¸Ä¸ïÕþ¸®£ºÆóÒµ¾«ÉñÈçºÎ¸Ä¸ï׏«Óª²¿ÃÅ¡·¡£ÕâÊÇÃÀ¹úÐÐÕßѧÕß´÷ά·°Â˹±¾ºÍÌØµÂ·¸Ç²¼ÀÕÉîÈ뿼²ìÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®¸Ä¸ïʵ¼ù¶øÐ´³öµÄÒ»±¾×¨Öø¡£±¾Êé ½«¾ßÓÐÆóÒµ¼Ò¾«ÉñµÄÕþ¸®¸ÅÀ¨Îª£ºÆð´ß»¯×÷ÓõÄÕþ¸®¡¢ÉçÇøÓµÓеÄÕþ¸®¡¢¾ºÕùÐÔÕþ¸®¡¢ÓÐʹÃü¸ÐµÄÕþ¸®¡¢½á¹ûµ¼ÏòÐÍÕþ¸®¡¢Êܹ˿ÍÇýʹµÄÕþ¸®¡¢ÆóÒµ»¯Õþ¸®¡¢Ô¤ÖªÐÔ Õþ¸®¡¢·ÖȨµÄÕþ¸®ºÍÒÔÊг¡Îªµ¼ÏòµÄÕþ¸®Ê®Ìõ±ê×¼¡£
[4] ÎÞ ·ì϶×éÖ¯¾ßÓÐËĸöÌØµã£ºµÚÒ»£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷Éϲ»´æÔÚÌõ¿é·Ö¸î£¬Ã»ÓÐÍÆÚ󶯤£¬×éÖ¯ÈÎÎñÓɾßÓжàÖÖ¼¼ÄܵÄÍŶÓÍê³É£»µÚ¶þ£¬×éÖ¯³ÉÔ±µÄ½ÇÉ«Ã÷È·ÐÔÓëÇåÎú¶ÈµÍ£¬Ã»ÓÐÑÏ ¸ñµÄÄÚ²¿·Ö¹¤£»µÚÈý£¬Ìṩ·Ç±ê×¼»¯µÄ²úÆ·»ò·þÎñ£¬¾ßÓи߶ȵĹ˿͵¼ÏòÐÔ£»µÚËÄ£¬ÓнϸߵÄʱ¼äÃô¸Ð¶È£¬×¢Öؽá¹ûºÍ·´À¡£¬¶Ô¹¤×÷µÄÆÀ¼Û½¨Á¢Ôڹ˿ÍÂúÒâµÄ»ù´¡ ÉÏ¡£
