¡¡¡¡s N¡ª¡ª>H.
¡¡¡¡Next£¬ we interpret the clause ¡°there is a blemish on my hand¡± to mean ¡°hives
¡¡¡¡£¬¡° which we symbolize as H. Substituting these symbolssintosthe argument yie
¡¡¡¡lds the following diagram£º
¡¡¡¡N¡ª¡ª>H
¡¡¡¡H
¡¡¡¡Therefore£¬ N
¡¡¡¡The diagram clearly shows that this argument has the same structure as the g
¡¡¡¡iven argument. The answer£¬ therefore£¬ is £¨B£©¡£
¡¡¡¡Denying the Premise Fallacy
¡¡¡¡A¡ª¡ª>B
¡¡¡¡~A
¡¡¡¡Therefore£¬ ~B
¡¡¡¡The fallacy of denying the premise occurs when an if-then statement is prese
¡¡¡¡nted£¬ its premise denied£¬ and then its conclusion wrongly negated.
¡¡¡¡Example£º £¨Denying the Premise Fallacy£©
¡¡¡¡The senator will be reelected only if he opposes the new tax bill. But he wa
¡¡¡¡s defeated. So he must have supported the new tax bill.
¡¡¡¡The sentence ¡°The senator will be reelected only if he opposes the new tax b
¡¡¡¡ill¡° contains an embedded if-then statement£º ¡±If the senator is reelected£¬ t
¡¡¡¡hen he opposes the new tax bill.¡° £¨Remember£º ¡±A only if B¡° is equivalent to
¡¡¡¡¡°If A£¬ then B.¡±£© This in turn can be symbolized as R¡ª¡ª>~T. The sentence ¡°But
¡¡¡¡the senator was defeated¡° can be reworded as ¡±He was not reelected£¬¡° which
¡¡¡¡in turn can be symbolized as ~R. Finally£¬ the sentence ¡°He must have support
¡¡¡¡ed the new tax bill¡° can be symbolized as T. Using these symbols the argumen
¡¡¡¡t can be diagrammed as follows£º
