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¡¡¡¡Size is not a criterion£¨±ê×¼¡¢³ß¶È£© in our definition£¨ÊÍÒ⣩ of what constitutes£¨¹¹³É£© a country. A country need only be an independent state£¨Õþ¸®£© with distinct£¨×¼È·ÎÞÎóµÄ£© territorial£¨ÁìÍÁµÄ£© boundaries£¨·Ö½çÏߣ©, and its own government. This is a true blessing£¨´Í¸££© for Vatican City, as, weighing in£¨¼ÓÈ룩 at a mere£¨½ö½öµÄ£© 0.17 miles, it holds the title of being the smallest country in the world.

¡¡¡¡Prior£¨ÏÈÇ°£© to 1870, however, political control by papal£¨ÂÞÂí½Ì»ÊµÄ£© governments in central Italy spanned£¨ÑÓÉìµ½£© approximately£¨´ó¸Å£© 16.000 square miles. In 1870, the Kingdom of Italy, in a shift£¨×ªÒÆ£© of political power, established£¨½¨Á¢£© Rome as the national capital of Italy, wrested£¨¶áÈ¡£© political power from the papal governments, and absorbed£¨ÎüÊÕ£© the so-called "Papal States" into its territory£¨°æͼ£©. A 1929 Agreement hammered out by the Italian government and the Pope, established Vatican City as a country.

¡¡¡¡This pint-size powerhouse of a country primarily£¨×î³õ£© supports itself through contributions£¨¾èÏ×£© from Catholics around the world, and through tourism. Safely ensconced£¨°²Öã© within Vatican City lie some of the worlds' most precious of treasures£¨²Æ¸»£©; the Gardens, St. Peter's Basilica£¨³¤·½ÐλáÌã©, and the Vatican Palace, which houses£¨°Ñ¡­¡­´¢²ØÔÚ·¿ÄÚ£© the Vatican Library, and¡­¡­the Pope£¨½Ì»Ê£© himself.

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¡¡¡¡Ãæ»ý´óС²»ÊǶ¨ÒåÒ»¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄ±ê×¼¡££¨Size is not a criterion in our definition of what constitutes a country.£©¹ú¼ÒÖ»ÐèÒªÊǸö¶ÀÁ¢µÄ¹ú¼Ò£¬£¨an independent state,£©ÓÐÃ÷È·µÄÁìÍÁ±ß½ç£¬£¨distinct territorial boundaries£©ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÕþ¸®¡££¨its own government£©Õâ¶ÔèóµÙ¸ÔÀ´Ëµ¿ÉÊǸö´óºÃÊ£¡£¨This is a true blessing for Vatican City£©èóµÙ¸ÔÃæ»ýÖ»ÓÐ0.17ƽ·½Ó¢À£¨weighing in at a mere 0.17 miles£©Òò´ËËü¾ßÓÐÊÀ½çÉÏ×îС¹ú¼ÒµÄ³ÆºÅ¡££¨it holds the title of being the smallest country in the world£©

¡¡¡¡1870ÄêÒÔÇ°£¬£¨Prior to 1870£©Òâ´óÀûÖв¿£¬½Ì»ÊͳÖÎ×ÅÕþ¸®£¬£¨political control by papal governments in central Italy£©½Ì»ÊµÄÕþÖÎÊÆÁ¦²î²»¶àÑÓÉì´ï1£¬600ƽ·½Ó¢Àï¡££¨spanned approximately 16.000 square miles£©1870Ä꣬ÔÚÒ»´ÎÕþȨתÒÆÖУ¬£¨in a shift of political power£©Òâ´óÀûÍõ¹ú£¨the Kingdom of Italy£©½«ÂÞÂí¶¨ÎªÒâ´óÀûµÄ¹ú¼ÒÊ׶¼£¬£¨established Rome as the national capital of Italy£©´Ó½Ì»ÊÕþ¸®Öжá¹ýÕþȨ£¬£¨wrested political power from the papal governments£©½«ËùνµÄÂÞÂí¡°½Ì»Ê¹ú¡±ÁÐÈë×Ô¼ºµÄ°æͼ¡££¨absorbed the so-called "Papal States" into its territory£©1929Ä꣬Òâ´óÀûÕþ¸®ºÍÂÞÂí½Ì»ÊÇ©ÊðÁËÒ»ÏîЭ¶¨£¬£¨A 1929 Agreement hammered out by the Italian government and the Pope£©½«èóµÙ¸Ô³Ç½¨Á¢Îª¹ú¼Ò¡££¨established Vatican City as a country£©

¡¡¡¡So-calledÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°ËùνµÄ¡±£¬Òâ˼´ó¼Ò¶¼¶®£¬±í´ïʵʸù±¾ÓëÒýºÅÀïµÄÏà·´µÄÒâ˼¡£¿´Ò»¸öÀý×Ó£º

¡¡¡¡Her so-called friend did not offer any help.
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¡¡¡¡Hammer out¶ÌÓÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°Éè¼Æ³ö¡±£¬Í¨³£Óл¨·ÑÁËÐí¶àʱ¼äºÍ¾«Á¦£¬²Å´ïµ½ÒªÇó»òÆÚÍûµÄÒâ˼£¬±ÈÈ磺

¡¡¡¡If we don't hammer out our solution quickly, we'll be in trouble.
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¡¡¡¡ÕâÑùÒ»¸öС²»µã¶ù¹ú¼Ò£¨This pint-size powerhouse of a country£©È´ÓµÓÐÇ¿´óµÄȨÁ¦¡£ËüÊÇ¿¿È«ÊÀ½çÌìÖ÷½Ì»ú¹¹µÄ½ø¹±£¨supports itself through contributions from Catholics around the world£©¼°ÂÃÓÎÒµ£¨and through tourism£©Ñø»î×Ô¼ºµÄ¡£ÔÚèóµÙ¸Ô°²·ÅµÄ£¨£¨Safely ensconced within Vatican City£©£©ÊÇÊÀ½ç×îÕä¹óµÄ±¦²Ø£º£¨lie some of the worlds' most precious of treasures£©¹ÅÏ£À°ÒÁ±Úð¯Â³Ñ§ÅÉÒÅÖ·¡¢Ê¥±ËµÃ³¤·½Ðδó½ÌÌü°èóµÙ¸Ô¹¬µî£¬£¨the Vatican Palace£©¹¬µîÄÚÓÐèóµÙ¸ÔͼÊé¹Ý£¨which houses the Vatican Library£©ÒÔ¼°¡­¡­½Ì»Ê±¾ÈË¡££¨the Pope himself£©

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¡¡¡¡Hold the title¡­

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¡¡¡¡He currently holds the title of Boston Pops Laureate Conductor, which he assumed following his retirement in 1993.
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¡¡¡¡With a university education, he holds the title as an engineer.
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