öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

21.7 Çé̬¶¯´Ê+ have +¹ýÈ¥·Ö´Ê
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth¡¡±íʾ¹ýÈ¥£¬ÍƲâ¹ýȥʱ¼äÀï¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇé¡£
¡¡¡¡Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
¡¡¡¡Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)¡¡must have +done sth£¬¶Ô¹ýȥʱ¼äÀï¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇéµÄÍƲ⣬ÓïÆø½ÏÇ¿£¬¾ßÓÐ"¿Ï¶¨"£¬"Á±Ø"µÄÒâ˼¡£
¡¡---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
¡¡---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
¡¡¡¡±¾Ó¦¸Ã×öijÊ£¬¶øÊÂʵÉϲ¢Ã»ÓÐ×ö¡£·ñ¶¨¾ä±íʾ"²»¸Ã×öijʶø×öÁË"¡£
¡¡¡¡You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
¡¡¡¡He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.£¨ÊÂʵÉÏÒÑÈÓÁË¡££©
¡¡¡¡ought to ÔÚÓïÆøÉϱÈshould Ҫǿ¡£

4) needn't have done sth¡¡ ±¾Ã»±ØÒª×öijÊÂ
¡¡¡¡I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I¡¡needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth¡¡ ±¾´òËã×öijÊ¡¡
¡¡¡¡I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

21.8 should ºÍought to

¡¡¡¡should ºÍought to ¶¼Îª"Ó¦¸Ã"µÄÒâ˼£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¸÷ÖÖÈ˳Æ¡£
¡¡¡¡---Ought he to go?
¡¡¡¡---Yes. I think he ought to.
¡¡¡¡±íʾҪÇó£¬ÃüÁîʱ£¬ÓïÆøÓÉ should£¨Ó¦¸Ã£©¡¢had better×îºÃ£©¡¢must£¨±ØÐ룩½¥Ç¿¡£
21.9 had better±íʾ"×îºÃ"

¡¡¡¡had better Ï൱ÓÚÒ»¸öÖú¶¯´Ê£¬ËüÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖÐÎʽ£¬ËüºóÃæÒª¸ú¶¯´ÊÔ­ÐΡ£
¡¡¡¡had better do sth
¡¡¡¡had better not do sth
¡¡¡¡It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
¡¡¡¡She'd better not play with the dog.


¡¡¡¡had better have done sth±íʾÓëÊÂʵÏà·´µÄ½á¹û£¬ÒâΪ"±¾À´×îºÃ"¡£
¡¡¡¡You had better have come earlier.
¡¡
21.10 would rather±íʾ"ÄþÔ¸"

¡¡would rather do
¡¡would rather not do
¡¡would rather¡­ than¡­¡¡ ÄþÔ¸¡­¡­¶ø²»Ô¸¡£


¡¡»¹ÓÐwould sooner, had rather, had sooner¶¼±íʾ"ÄþÔ¸"¡¢"Äþ¿É"µÄÒâ˼¡£


¡¡If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
¡¡I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.


µäÐÍÀýÌâ
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
A. do you rather¡¡¡¡B. would you rather¡¡ C. will you rather¡¡ D. should you rather
´ð°¸B¡£±¾Ì⿼²éÇé̬¶¯´ÊratherµÄÓ÷¨£¬would rather +do sth ÒâΪ"ÄþÔ¸"£¬±¾ÌâΪÒÉÎʾ䣬would ÌáÇ°£¬ËùÒÔÑ¡B¡£

21.11 willºÍwould

¡¡×¢Ò⣺
¡¡1£©would like£» Would like to do = want to ÏëÒª£¬Îª¹Ì¶¨´îÅä¡£
¡¡¡¡ Would you like to go with me?
¡¡2£©Will you¡­?¡¡Would you like¡­? ±íʾ¿Ï¶¨º¬ÒåµÄÇëÇóȰ˵ʱ£¬ÒÉÎʾäÖÐÒ»°ãÓÃsome, ¶ø²»ÊÇany¡£
Would you like some cake?
¡¡3£©·ñ¶¨½á¹¹ÖÐÓÃwill£¬Ò»°ã²»ÓÃwould, won't youÊÇÒ»ÖÖίÍñÓïÆø¡£
¡¡¡¡ Won't you sit down?
21.12 Çé̬¶¯´ÊµÄ»Ø´ð·½Ê½

¡¡¡¡ Îʾ䡡¡¡¡¡¿Ï¶¨»Ø´ð¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡·ñ¶¨»Ø´ð
Need you¡­?¡¡¡¡Yes, I must.¡¡¡¡¡¡No,I needn't
Must you¡­?¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡/don't have to.

µäÐÍÀýÌâ
1£©---Could I borrow your dictionary?
¡¡¡¡---Yes, of course, you____.¡¡
¡¡ A. might¡¡B. will¡¡ C. can¡¡ D. should
¡¡ ´ð°¸C.could±íʾίÍñµÄÓïÆø£¬²¢²»ÎªÊ±Ì¬¡£´ðÓïÖÐof course£¬±íʾ¿Ï¶¨µÄÓïÆø£¬ÔÊÐíijÈË×öijÊÂʱ£¬ÓÃcanºÍ mayÀ´±í´ï£¬²»ÄÜÓÃcould»òmight¡£¸´Ï°£º will ÓëyouÁ¬Óã¬ÓÃÀ´Ìá³öÒªÇó»òÏÂÃüÁî¡£shouldÓëyou Á¬Óã¬ÓÃÀ´Ìá³öÈ°¸æ¡£

2£©---Shall I tell John about it?
¡¡¡¡---No, you ___. I've told him already.¡¡¡¡
¡¡ A. needn't¡¡¡¡B. wouldn't¡¡¡¡C. mustn't¡¡¡¡D. shouldn't
¡¡ ´ð°¸A¡£needn't ²»±Ø£¬²»Óᣠwouldn't ½«²», ²»»áµÄ¡£ mustn't ½ûÖ¹¡¢²»ÄÜ¡£ shouldn't¡¡²»Ó¦¸Ã¡£±¾ÌâΪ²»ÐèÒª£¬²»±ØµÄÒâ˼£¬Ó¦ÓÃneedn't¡£

3£©---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
¡¡¡¡---______.
¡¡¡¡A. I don't¡¡ B.¡¡I won't¡¡ C. I can't¡¡D. I haven't
¡¡¡¡´ð°¸B.¡¡will¼È¿Éµ±×÷Çé̬¶¯´Ê£¬±íÇëÇó¡¢½¨Òé¡¢Ò²¿É×÷ΪʵÒ嶯´Ê±í"ÒâÔ¸¡¢ÒâÖ¾¡¢¾öÐÄ"£¬±¾Ìâ±íʾ¾öÐÄ£¬Ñ¡B¡£

21.13 ´øto µÄÇé̬¶¯´Ê

¡¡ ´øto µÄÇé̬¶¯´ÊÓÐËĸö£ºought to, have to, used to, be to, Èç¼ÓÉÏhave got to ,(=must), be able to£¬ÎªÁù¸ö¡£ËüÃǵÄÒÉÎÊ£¬·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽӦÓèÒÔ×¢Ò⣺
¡¡ Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
¡¡ She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
¡¡ You ought not to have told her all about it.
¡¡ Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?


¡¡ ought to ±¾Éí×÷ΪÇé̬¶¯´ÊʹÓá£ÆäËûµÄ´Ê×÷ΪʵÒ嶯´ÊʹÓ㬱äÒÉÎÊ£¬·ñ¶¨Ê±£¬ÐëÓÐdo µÈÖú¶¯´ÊЭÖú¡£

µäÐÍÀýÌâ
¡¡Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.¡¡
¡¡A.have told¡¡B.tell¡¡C.be telling¡¡D. having told
¡¡´ð°¸A¡£ÓÉÓÚºó¾äΪ¹ýȥʱ£¬¸æËßÃØÃܵĶ¯×÷ÓÖ·¢ÉúÔÚÆäÇ°Òò£¬´ËµØÓ¦ÓùýÈ¥Íê³Éʱ£¬µ«ËüÔÚÇé̬¶¯´Ê ought to ºó£¬ËùÒÔÓÃhave¡£
¡¡
21.14 ±È½ÏneedºÍdare

¡¡ ÕâÁ½´Ê¼È¿É×öʵÒ嶯´ÊÓã¬ÓÖ¿É×öÇé̬¶¯´ÊÓá£×÷ΪÇé̬¶¯´Ê£¬Á½Õ߶¼Ö»ÄÜÓÃÓÚÒÉÎʾ䣬·ñ¶¨¾äºÍÌõ¼þ¾ä¡£ need ×÷ʵÒ嶯´ÊʱºóÃæµÄ²»¶¨Ê½±ØÐë´øto£¬¶ødare×÷ʵÒ嶯´ÊÓÃʱ, ºóÃæµÄto ʱ³£¿ÉÒÔ±»Ê¡ÂÔ¡£
1) ʵÒ嶯´Ê£º need¡¡£¨ÐèÒª, ÒªÇó£©
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ need + n. / to do sth
2) Çé̬¶¯´Ê£º need£¬Ö»ÓÃÔ­ÐÎneedºó¼Ódo£¬·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽΪneed not¡£
¡¡¡¡Need you go yet?
¡¡¡¡Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need µÄ±»¶¯º¬Ò壺need, want, require, worth£¨ÐÎÈÝ´Ê£©ºóÃæ½ÓdoingÒ²¿ÉÒÔ±íʾ±»¶¯£º¡¡
¡¡¡¡need doing = need to be done