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How to solve the problem? / What is the correct attitude towards ¡Á¡Á¡Á?
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¡ñ Some people think (say, believe) that ..., while some others argue that ...
¡ñ  Some people think that ... . However, some others hold the opposite view / a different opinion.
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¡ñ  Which opinion is right¡¡/¡¡more reasonable? I¬ðm inclined to accept the latter/the second view.
¡ñ ¡¡My opinion is that there is something in both of the views.
¡ñ ¡¡I think both of the above opinions are too radical¡¡/¡¡go to the extremes and therefore are incomplete.
¡ñ ¡¡It is true that..., but...
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¡ñ ¡¡As far as I¬ðm concerned,I prefer the former/the latter.
¡ñ ¡¡I¬ðm in favor of the latter.
¡ñ ¡¡My opinion is similar to the latter/my view is in agreement with the latter.
¡ñ ¡¡In my opinion, both of the above views are only partly right.
¡ñ ¡¡With regard to the question, I think a correct attitude is (that)...
¡ñ ¡¡To my mind, whether... or not depend on our attitude towards the matter and how we deal with it.
¡ñ  In my opinion, whether it is good or bad depends on how we look at it.
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¡ñ  Recently, a hot topic people are talking about is... / there is a heated discussion on/ about/ whether...
¡ñ  Nowadays, a social/common phenomenon that you can find everywhere is ...
¡ñ  Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about...
¡ñ  When asked the question ¡°what/how...?¡± people have various answers.
¡ñ  It is generally believed that...
¡ñ  With the development of national economy...
¡ñ  With the progress of science and technology...
¡ñ  With the quickening pace of modern life...
¡ñ  With people¬ðs living standards rising, more and more people...
¡ñ  There is a prevalent belief among people that...
¡ñ  Nowadays, there is a widespread view that...
¡ñ  Recently there has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether...
¡ñ  In our daily life, we often hear /see /come across...
¡ñ  ... is a common phenomenon in our daily life.
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¡ñ  Several factors are responsible for the phenomenon.
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¡ñ  Their opinion is based on the fact that... / the following facts...
¡ñ  It is due to several factors.
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¡ñ  Those who are in favor of the ... believe that...
¡ñ  The main /direct reason (for this) is that...
¡ñ  These / The following are my reasons for my choice.À´Ô´£ºwww.examda.com
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¡ñ  It benefits us in many ways / respects.
¡ñ  The advantages /disadvantages of ... are obvious.
¡ñ  It contributes to ...
¡ñ  Doing sth. is beneficial to ...
¡ñ  It does harm / good to ...
¡ñ  While ... has so many advantages, we should not ignore the problems it brings us.
¡ñ  The negative aspect / effect is that ...
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¡ñ  We should take effective / drastic measures to stop / prevent / protect ...
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¡ñ  What should we do to solve the problem?
¡ñ  Perhaps the best choice is the combination of the two...
¡ñ  The solution to this problem is to / that...
¡ñ  There are several ways to cope with the problem.
¡ñ  The government should make strict regulations / laws to ban such practice / to stop this phenomenon from spreading.
¡ñ  We should take immediate action to ...
¡ñ  It¬ðs urgent for us to  do something about this.
¡ñ  We should spare no effort /try every means to ...
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¡ñ  It plays an important part.
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¡ñ  It¬ðs important /necessary /urgent for us to ...
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¡ñ  From the above analysis, we can see that... / we come to the conclusion that...
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Argumentation(ÂÛ˵ÎÄÀà)
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Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that ¡°hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry(¼ÒÇÝ) industry¡± in fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition(ÓªÑø²»Á¼) in ¡°hungry nations,¡± the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem.
Large scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources. This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal¬ðs process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the case of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.
This means one has to feed approximately 9ª²10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass, As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can  prove disastrous. At times of crisis grain is the food of life.
Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain¬ðs largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.
Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourge it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.
But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chickenª²raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famineª²relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh¬ðs main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?
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Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation. but custom. we have a way of thinking. is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact. It is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of firstª²rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine(δÊÜÍâ½çÓ°ÏìµÄ)eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes(¹Ì¶¨µÄģʽ)£» his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure(ÕâÖÖ±ÈÓ÷)becomes no more than an exact and matterª²ofª²fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs. its impossibilities his impossibilities.
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There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae(Ó׳æ). In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought(¸Éºµ) in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps(СϺ) that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the southª²west of the United States where shade temperatures of over 50¡æ are often recorded.
The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake. once every two to five years, these eggs hatch(·õ»¯). Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimetre long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week, the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimetre to a length of about 1ª±5 centimetres.
Throughout the time that the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the twelfth day, however, when they are about 3 centimetre long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females, Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil, On the thirteenth day and the next,  during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud, Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.
If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth, adulthood, eggª²laying, and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake; in this case, the eggs will remain dormant for another year, or even longer if necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years, sufficient rain falls to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this case, the species passes through two cycles of growth, eggª²laying, and death. Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.
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¡°There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they¬ðre 18, and the truth is far from that,¡± says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. ¡°There is a major shift in the middle class,¡± declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.
Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an awayª²fromª²home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.
Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, ¡°It¬ðs ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent, It makes sense for kids to stay at home.¡± But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy(²»ÊܸÉÈŵÄÉú»î). Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times ¡ª and left three times. ¡°What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,¡± she explains. ¡°He never liked anyone I dated(Ô¼»á), so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends¬ð houses.¡±
Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with¡°a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.¡± And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.
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Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section you will hear a passage three times. During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage. Then listen to the passage again. When the first part of the passage is being read, you should fill in the missing word during the pause at each blank. After listening to the second part of the passage you are required to write down the main points according to what you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read the third time you can check what you have written.
On the Giving of Gifts
When you wish to give someone a gift it is always good to  some of the basic rules.  the age and sex and the  of your acquaintance as well as the . You should know when it is all  to give a gift of money, and when it would be  . In any case, when you  a present, don¬ðt forget to send a thankª²you note as soon ad you  can.
Often people like to take with them a gift for the host¬ðs wife of a party they have been invited to.

 Again, you may choose something for the host¬ðs wife alone or for the entire family.
Sometimes it is not possible to return a favour as you would like to.

 Try to use imagination in choosing a thankª²you gift.
On the Giving of Gifts
When you wish to give someone a gift it is always good to remember some of the basic rules. Consider the age and sex and the length of your acquaintance as well as the occasion. You should know when it is all right to give a gift of money, and when it would be improper. In any case, when you receive a present, don¬ðt forget to send a thankª²you note as soon as your possibly can.
Often people like to take with them a gift for the host¬ðs wife of a party  they have been invited to. This can be something just for the host¬ðs wife, or something for the party, like sweets or fruits, things which all may enjoy. If you stay at a friend¬ðs house overnight or for a weekend it is usual to take a gift showing appreciation for their friendiness and their kindness. Again, you may choose something for the host¬ðs wife alone or for the entire family.
Sometimes it is not possible to return a favour as you would like to. When this happens you may show your own thoughtfulness by giving a thankª²you gift, especially if you can find something unusual. Weddings are times when gifts of money are greatly apprectiated and quite acceptable. You should never leave money when you have been a weekend guest. Try to use imagination in choosing a thankª²you gift.
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1ª±Sweets and fruit are examples of the gift for the hostess or the party.
2ª± A weekend guest usually takes a gift to express his or her thanks.
3ª± Money is an acceptable gift for weddings.
4ª± It is considered improper for a weekend guest to give a gift of money.
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¡ñ ¡¡It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of cooperation and sharing of experience appear evidently.    ӦΪevident
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¡ñ ¡¡The two countries will restore full diplomatic relations now that they have set their longª²standing border dispute. ¸ù¾Ý¾äÒ⣬¾äÖÐsetÓ¦¸ÄΪ¡°settled¡±£¬Óëdispute´îÅä±íʾ¡°Æ½Ï¢/½â¾öÕù¶Ë¡±¡£¶øsetÎÞ¡°Æ½Ï¢£¬½â¾ö¡±Ö®Ò⣬ÕâÊÇÒòΪƴд·¢ÒôÏàËƶøµ¼ÖµÄÓôʴíÎó¡£
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¡ñ  In part, technology has caused the population explosion, ... But in part, technology helps resolve the population problem, either. The need for more food discourages development of better technology which naturally keeps more people alive.
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¡ñ  The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is not recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had view at all or only a brick wall to look at.
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