µ¥Ö¤Ô±Ö´Òµ×ʸñöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ¸´Ï°öλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØ¾«»ª°æ£¨ÎåÊ®£©
ÍøÂç×ÊÔ´ Freekaoyan.com/2008-05-12
¡¡µÚÒ»²¿·Ö ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ʵÎñµÄ»ù±¾¸ÅÄî
ǰÑÔ
£¨2006/4/15ÆëÀÏʦУ¶ÔºóµÄ¸å×Ó£©
¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ʵÎñ¿É·Ö¹ãÏÁÁ½Ò壬¹ãÒåµÄ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ʵÎñ°üº¬¹ú¼Ê»õÎïÂòÂô¡¢¼Ó¹¤Ã³Òס¢¼¼ÊõóÒס¢×âÁÞóÒ׺ÍÀÍÎñÊä³öµÈ£¬ÏÁÒåµÄ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ʵÎñÔòרָ¹ú¼Ê»õÎïÂòÂôÒµÎñ¶øÑÔ¡£
¡¶¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ʵÎñ¡·ÊÇÒ»ÃÅרÃÅÑо¿¹ú¼Ê¼äÉÌÆ·½»»»¾ßÌå¹ý³ÌµÄѧ¿Æ£¬¾ßÓÐÉæÍâ»î¶¯Êµ¼ùÐÔºÜÇ¿µÄÌØµã£¬²¢ÇÒÊÇÒ»ÃÅ×ÛºÏÐÔÓ¦ÓÿÆÑ§¡£±¾ÊéÑо¿µÄ¶ÔÏóÊÇÖ¸ÏÁÒåµÄ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ʵÎñ£¬¼´ÒÔÎÒ¹ú½ø³ö¿ÚÒµÎñΪ¶ÔÏó£¬ÒÔ¹ú¼Ê»õÎïÂòÂôºÏͬΪÖÐÐÄ£¬¶Ô¸÷¸öÒµÎñ»·½ÚµÄ»ù±¾ÖªÊ¶Óë¼¼ÄܽøÐнéÉÜ£¬²ûÊöµ±½ñ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×Öй㷺ʹÓõĸ÷ÖÖóÒ×·½Ê½¡£
¹ú¼Ê»õÎïµÄÂòÂôÒµÎñ£¬¼ÈÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¾¼ÃÐÐΪ£¬ÓÖÊÇÒ»ÖÖ·¨ÂÉÐÐΪ¡£¹ú¼Ê»õÎïÂòÂôºÏͬµÄ¶©Á¢ÓëÂÄÐУ¬±ØÐë·ûºÏÓйط¨Âɹ涨£¬°üÀ¨¸÷Óйعú¼ÒµÄ·¨É£¬Óйعú¼ÊÌõÔ¼¡¢Ð¶¨ºÍ¹«Ô¼£¬ÒÔ¼°ÓйصĹú¼ÊóÒ×¹ßÀý£¬²ÅÄܵõ½·¨Âɵı£»¤¡?
ÖÁÓÚºÏͬ¡¢·¨Âɺ͹ú¼Ê¹ßÀýµÄ¹ØÏµ£¬¸ù¾ÝÎÒ¹ú¡¶ÉæÍ⾼úÏͬ·¨¡·ºÍ¡¶ÁªºÏ¹ú¹ú¼Ê»õÎïÏúÊÛºÏͬ¹«Ô¼¡·µÄ¹æ¶¨£¬¿É¹éÄÉΪ£ºÔÚºÏͬÖÐÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨µÄ£¬°´ºÏͬ¹æ¶¨°ìÀí£»ÔÚºÏͬÖÐûÓÐÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨µÄ£¬°´·¨ÂÉ»òÕß¹ú¼ÊÌõÔ¼À´´¦Àí£»ÔÚºÏͬºÍ·¨ÂÉÖж¼Ã»ÓÐÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨µÄ£¬°´¹ú¼ÊóÒ×¹ßÀýÀ´´¦Àí¡£
µÚÒ»Õ ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÊõÓï
óÒ×ÊõÓï(TRADE TERMS)£¬ÓÖ³ÆÃ³Ò×Ìõ¼þ£¬»ò¼Û¸ñÊõÓï(PRICE TERMS)£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓÃÒ»×éÓ¢ÎĶÌÓï»òËõд×ÖĸÀ´Ã÷È·¼Û¸ñµÄ¹¹³É£¬ÒÔ¼°ÂòÂôË«·½µÄ·ÑÓøºµ£¡¢½»»õµØµã¡¢ÔðÈγе£¡¢·çÏÕ»®·Ö¡¢ÊÖÐø³Ð°ìµÈ½çÏÞ£¬Êǽø³ö¿ÚÉÌÆ·¼Û¸ñµÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö¡£Ã³Ò×ÊõÓïÔÚ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÖеÄʹÓ㬿ÉÒÔ¼ò»¯Ã³Ò×´èÉ̵Ĺý³Ì£¬Ëõ¶Ì½»Ò×´èÉÌʱ¼ä£¬Ìá¸ßÂòÂôË«·½µÄ¾¼ÃÐ§Òæ¡£
ΪÁËÃ÷È·Âò¡¢ÂôË«·½µÄÔðÈΣ¬¼õÉÙ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×¾À·×£¬Ìá¸ßÂòÂôË«·½µÄ¾¼ÃÐ§Òæ£¬ÔÚ¶àÄêµÄ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÖÐÖð½¥ÐγÉÁËóÒ×ÊõÓï¡£×î³õóÒ×ÊõÓïûÓÐͳһµÄ½âÊÍ£¬ºó¾¹ú¼Ê×éÖ¯±à׫ºÍ½âÊÍ£¬²¢Îª½Ï¶à¹ú¼Ò·¨ÂÉ¡¢¹¤É̽çÈϿɣ¬²Å³ÉΪÓйØÃ³Ò×ÊõÓïµÄ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×¹ßÀý¡£
µÚÒ»½Ú ÓйØÃ³Ò×ÊõÓïµÄ¹ú¼Ê¹ßÀý
ÔçÔÚÊ®¾ÅÊÀ¼Í³õÆÚ£¬¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÖÐÒѾʹÓÃóÒ×ÊõÓï¡£¾¹ý³¤ÆÚʵ¼ùºÍËæ×Źú¼ÊóÒ׵ķ¢Õ¹£¬Öð²½ÐγÉÁËһϵÁеÄóÒ×ÊõÓ¸÷ÖÖóÒ×ÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÒàÊÇÖð½¥¶¨ÐÍÏÂÀ´µÄ¡£ÎªÁËÏû³ý²»Í¬¹ú¼Ò¹ØÓÚóÒ×ÊõÓïÔÚ½âÊÍ·½ÃæµÄ·ÖÆç£¬¹ú¼ÊÉÏijЩÉÌÒµÍÅÌ塢ѧÊõ»ú¹¹ÊÔͼͳһ¶ÔóÒ×ÊõÓïµÄ½âÊÍ£¬ÓÚÊǸù¾Ý¹«ÈϵÄϰ¹ß×ö·¨ºÍ½âÊÍ£¬·Ö±ðÖÆ¶©ÁËһЩÏà¹ØµÄóÒ×ÊõÓïµÄͨÓùæÔò¡£ÕâЩ¹æÔòĿǰÒѾ³ÉΪ´ó¶àÊý¹ú¼ÒµÄ¹¤ÉÌÍÅÌåºÍÆóÒµËù½ÓÊÜ£¬³ÉΪÓйØÃ³Ò×ÊõÓïµÄ¹ú¼Ê¹ßÀý¡£ÆäÖÐÔÚ¹ú¼ÊÉÏÓ°Ïì½Ï´óµÄÖ÷ÒªÓÐÏÂÁÐÈý¸ö£º
1¡¢¡¶1932Ä껪ɳ¡ªÅ£½ò¹æÔò¡·(Warsaw¡ªOxford Rules l932)£¬¶ÔCIFºÏͬµÄÐÔÖÊ¡¢ÂòÂôË«·½µÄÔðÈΣ¬·ÑÓ㬷çÏÕ»®·ÖÒÔ¼°»õÎïËùÓÐÈ¨×ªÒÆ×÷Á˽âÊÍ¡£
2¡¢¡¶1941ÄêÃÀ¹ú¶ÔÍâóÒ×¶¨ÒåÐÞ¶©±¾¡·(Revised American Foreign Trade Definition 1941)£¬½âÊÍÁËEX¡¢FOB¡¢FAS¡¢C&F¡¢CIFºÍEx DockÁùÖÖóÒ×ÊõÓï¡£ËüµÄFOBÓÐÁù¸ö±äÖÖ£¬Ê¹Ó÷¶Î§°üÀ¨ÄÚ½ºÍ¸Û¿Ú£¬Óë¹ú¼ÊÉÌ»áµÄ¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÊõÓï½âÊÍͨÔòÓÐÃ÷ÏÔ·ÖÆç£¬Ê¹ÓÃÊ±ÒªÌØ±ð×¢Òâ¡£
3¡¢¡¶2000Äê¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÊõÓï½âÊÍͨÔò¡·£¨INCOTERMS 2000£©£¬¹ú¼ÊÉ̻ᡶ2000Äê¹ú¼ÊóÒ×ÊõÓï½âÊÍͨÔò¡·£¨¼ò³Æ2000ÄêͨÔò£©½«Ã³Ò×ÊõÓï¹éÄÉΪ13ÖÖ£¬°´ÕÕ²»Í¬ÐÔÖÊ¡¢²»Í¬½»»õµØµã¡¢ÂòÂôË«·½Ëù³Ðµ£µÄÔðÈΡ¢·ÑÓᢷçÏճ̶ȣ¬½«Ã³Ò×ÊõÓï»®·ÖΪE×é¡¢F×é¡¢C×éºÍD×é¡£
E×飨ÆôÔË×飩£º
EXW£¬EX Work(¡¡named place)£¬¹¤³§½»»õ£¨Ö¸¶¨µØµã£©¡£
F×飨װÔË×飬Ö÷ÔË·Ñδ¸¶£©£º
FCA£¬Free carrier(¡¡named place)£¬»õ½»³ÐÔËÈË£¨Ö¸¶¨µØµã£©£»
FAS£¬Free alongside ship(¡¡named port of shipment)£¬×°Ô˸۴¬±ß½»»õ£¨Ö¸¶¨×°Ô˸ۣ©£»
FOB£¬Free on board(¡¡named port of shipment)£¬×°Ô˸۴¬ÉϽ»»õ£¨Ö¸¶¨×°Ô˸ۣ©¡£
C×飨װÔË×飬Ö÷ÔË·ÑÒѸ¶£©£º
CFR£¬Cost and freight(¡¡named port of shipment)£¬³É±¾¼ÓÔË·Ñ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄ¸Û£©£»
CIF£¬Cost insurance and freight (¡¡named port of shipment)£¬³É±¾¼ÓÔ˱£·Ñ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄ¸Û£©£»
CPT£¬Carriage paid to(¡¡Named place of destination)£¬Ô˷Ѹ¶ÖÁ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄµØ£©£»
CIP£¬Carriage and insurance paid to (¡¡Named place of destination)£¬ÔË·Ñ¡¢±£ÏշѸ¶ÖÁ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄµØ£©¡£
D×飨µ½´ï×飩£º
DAF£¬Delivered at frontier(¡¡.Named place)£¬±ß¾³½»»õ(¡¡Ö¸¶¨µØµã)£»
DES£¬Delivered ex ship(¡¡named port of shipment)£¬Ä¿µÄ¸Û´¬ÉϽ»»õ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄ¸Û)£»
DEQ£¬Delivered ex quay(¡¡named port of shipment)£¬Ä¿µÄ¸ÛÂëÍ·½»»õ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄ¸Û)£»
DDU£¬Delivered duty unpaid(¡¡Named place of destination)£¬Î´Íê˰½»»õ(Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄµØ)£»
DDP£¬Delivered duty paid(¡¡Named place of destination)£¬Íê˰ºó½»»õ£¨Ö¸¶¨Ä¿µÄµØ£©¡£
×ÜÖ®£¬ÔÚÓйØÃ³Ò×ÊõÓïµÄ¹ú¼Ê¹ßÀýÖУ¬¡¶2000ÄêͨÔò¡·ÊÇÄÚÈݰüÀ¨×î¶à¡¢Ó¦ÓÃ×î¹ã·º¡¢Ó°Ïì×î´óµÄÒ»ÖÖóÒ×ÊõÓïµÄ½âÊ͹ßÀý¡£
