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There are three major urban transportation concepts that are being investigated around the world today. One is called Personal Rapid Transit (PRT), a second is called Group Rapid Transit (GRT) and the third is called Dualmode Transportation (DT). The PRT concept calls for small automated vehicles that are operated on elevated, exclusive guideways. A large number of stations would be provided so that patrons could access the system with a short walk and then have a non-stop, stressless and view-rich ride to the station nearest their desired destination. The PRT system would be available all of the time, would be electrically-powered and essentially pollution and noise free. The vehicles would be captive to the system and owned by the system operator, which could be a public agency, a private company or some mix of the two. The service provided would approximate that of a private auto in terms of travel time and surpass it in terms of safety, reduced stress and adverse environmental impacts. It is a good candidate for the "auto-competitive transit" label.

Group rapid transit(GRT)is a term that refers to a system very much like PRT, except that the vehicles are larger as are the guideways and stations. Some have off-line stations which makes non-stop service possible but some do not, requiring a stop at each station. GRT systems are likely to be more expensive than PRT systems because of larger vehicles, guideways and stations but may provide more capacity, in some applications. A GRT system has been successfully operated at West Virginia University in Morgantown for more than 25 years.

Dualmode transportation is a term that describes a transportation system whose vehicles can be operated on both the conventional street system and on an exclusive, automated guideway under computer control. Clearly, such a system can provide door-to-door service which neither PRT nor GRT systems can do. Otherwise, the DM is similar to the other two concepts in most respects. But, far fewer miles of elevated guideway are needed for a dualmode system and a much smaller number of stations would be required as well. Travel on the automated part of the system would be hands-off, view-rich and probably somewhat faster that a comparable PRT or GRT system.

Let¡¯s be very clear about one point. None of these systems, if implemented, could be expected to replace the auto and leave the conventional roadway system empty and unused. But, depending on how intelligently they are implemented, they offer a significant potential for reducing auto dependence for travelers within our cities. Moreover, none would require the huge costs that have been experienced in tearing up and tunneling under our cities to build conventional rail and bus systems. In fact, dualmode systems offer the possibility of significantly lower costs as privately-owned dualmode autos would be common instead of all PRT and GRT vehicles having to be purchased and operated by some public or private agency.