¡¡¡¡The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American popular music£¬ especially dance music. In the twenties£¬ jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music£¬ much as ragtime had at the turn of the century£¬ and as would rhythm and blues in the fifties£¬ rock in the fifties£¬ and disco in the seventies.
¡¡¡¡But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is improvisation£¬ the changing of a musical phrase according to the player s inspiration. Like all artists£¬ jazz musicians strive for an individual style£¬ and the improvise or paraphrased is a jazz musician s main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In early jazz£¬ musicians often improvised melodies collectively£¬ thus creating a kind of polyphony. There was little soloing as such£¬ although some New Orleans players£¬ particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden£¬ achieved local fame for their ability to improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold. Louis Armstrong s instrumental brilliance£¬ demonstrated through extended solos£¬ was a major influence in this development.
¡¡¡¡Even in the early twenties£¬ however£¬ some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly£¬ show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such "get-off" musicians. Unimproved£¬ completely structured jazz does exist£¬ but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and change.
¡¡¡¡The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called "hot" and later "swing". In playing hot £¬ a musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms.£¨"Rough" tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound .£© Not all jazz is hot£¬ however£¬ many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs. Still£¬ the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other instrumentalists.
¡¡¡¡41.The passage answers which of the following questions£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© which early jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© Why Is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© What Instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920 s£¿
¡¡¡¡42.Which of the following preceded jazz as a popular music for dancing£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© Disco
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© Rock
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© Rhythm and blues
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© Ragtime
¡¡¡¡43.According to the passage£¬ jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their individual artistry mainly by£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© creating musical variations while performing
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© preparing musical arrangements
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© reading music with great skill
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© being able to play all types of popular music
¡¡¡¡44.Which of the following was the function of "get-off" musicians £¨line 16£©£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© Teach dance routines created for new music
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© Lead the band
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra
¡¡¡¡45.The word "cohesion" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© sorrow
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© fame
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© unity
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© vibration
¡¡¡¡46.The word "initially" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© at first
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© shortly
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© alphabetically
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© in fact
¡¡¡¡47.The word "consciously" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© carelessly
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© easily
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© periodically
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© purposely
¡¡¡¡48.The word "unadorned" in line 24 is closest in meaning to
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© lovely
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© plain
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© disorganized
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© inexpensive
¡¡¡¡49.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage£¿
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© "improvisation" £¨line 6£©
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© "polyphony" £¨line 10£©
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© "cornet player"£¨line 11£©
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© "multichorus"£¨line 12£©
¡¡¡¡50.The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
¡¡¡¡£¨A£© dividing the discussion into two major areas
¡¡¡¡£¨B£© presenting contrasting points of view
¡¡¡¡£¨C£© providing biographies of famous musician
¡¡¡¡£¨D£© describing historical events in sequence
