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¡¡¡¡Narrator
¡¡¡¡Now read the passage about animal domestication. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
¡¡¡¡Reading Time£º 45 seconds
¡¡¡¡Animal Domestication
¡¡¡¡For thousands of years£¬ humans have been able to domesticate£¬ or tame£¬ many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed£¬ these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated.
¡¡¡¡A good indicator of an animal¡®s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure£¬ in which herd members follow a leader£¬ are easy to domesticate£¬ since a human can function as the ¡°leader¡±¡£
¡¡¡¡Narrator
¡¡¡¡Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in an ecology class.
¡¡¡¡[2 seconds]
¡¡¡¡Professor
¡¡¡¡So we¡®ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication¡­¡­ particularly animals that live together in herds. Now£¬ if we take horses£¬ for example¡­¡­ in the wild£¬ horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves£¬ the dominant male leads£¬ with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young£¬ and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They¡¯re ¡°programmed¡± to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that£¬ you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas¡ª¡ªthey don¡®t fight off other herds that enter the same territory.
¡¡¡¡But it¡®s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh£¬ the antelope¡­¡­ which¡­¡­ well£¬ antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses£¬ a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another male from entering its territory during the breeding season£¬ ok¡ª¡ªvery different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also£¬ antelopes don¡¯t have a social hierarchy¡ª¡ªthey don¡®t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.
¡¡¡¡[2 seconds]
¡¡¡¡Narrator
¡¡¡¡The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.
¡¡¡¡Please begin speaking after the beep.
¡¡¡¡[2 secs beep]
¡¡¡¡[Appearing on screen]
¡¡¡¡4. The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.
¡¡¡¡Preparation time£º 30 seconds
¡¡¡¡Response time£º 60 seconds
¡¡¡¡Narrator
¡¡¡¡Please Listen Carefully
¡¡¡¡Narrator
¡¡¡¡You may begin to prepare your response after the beep.
¡¡¡¡[2 secs beep]
¡¡¡¡[½âÎö]
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