Chapter 1 ¸ßƵ´Ê»ã
Unit 01
state
´ÊƵ ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï
n. [steɪt] ״̬£¬Çé¿ö£»¹ú£»ÖÝ
v. [steɪt] ³ÂÊö£»ËµÃ÷£»¹æ¶¨
Ðνü´Ê£ºstatute, manifestation, statistic, statistical, stationary, statement, under-statement, overstate, statesman, estate, devastate, devastating, workstation, status
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] ״̬£¬Çé¿ö
2013Äê·Òë
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,”to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.
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¡¾Àý¡¿ [n]ÖÝ
2018ÄêÔĶÁ Text 2
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford.
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Ðνü´Ê
statute [ˈstætʃuːt]
n. ·¨Á·¨¹æ
manifestation [ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃ(ə)n]
n. ÏÔʾ£¬±íÏÖ£»Ê¾ÍþÔ˶¯
statistic
[stəˈtɪstɪk] n. ͳ¼ÆÊýÖµ
[stəˈtɪstɪk] adj. ͳ¼ÆµÄ£»Í³¼ÆÑ§µÄ
statistical [stəˈtɪstɪk(ə)l]
adj. ͳ¼ÆµÄ£»Í³¼ÆÑ§µÄ
¡¾Àý¡¿[adj]ͳ¼ÆµÄ
2015ÄêÔĶÁ Text 3
Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.
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stationary
[ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ri] adj. ¹Ì¶¨µÄ£»¾²Ö¹µÄ£¬²»¶¯µÄ
statement [ˈsteɪtmənt]
n. (Õýʽ»òÃ÷È·µÄ¿ÚÍ·»òÊéÃæ)³ÂÊö£¬ÉùÃ÷£»(Òâ¼û»ò¹ÛµãµÄ)±íÏÖ£¬±í´ï
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] (Õýʽ»òÃ÷È·µÄ¿ÚÍ·»òÊéÃæ)³ÂÊö£¬ÉùÃ÷
2012ÄêÔĶÁ Text 2
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.
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understatement
[ˈʌndə(r)ˌsteɪtmənt] n.±£ÊسÂÊö£»²»³ä·ÖµÄ³ÂÊö£»ÇáÃèµÐ´
overstate [ˌəʊvə(r)ˈsteɪt]
v. ¿äÕÅ£¬¿ä´óµØÐðÊö
¡¾Àý¡¿ [v]¿äÕÅ£¬¿ä´óµØÐðÊö
2010ÄêÔĶÁ Text 4
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£ºÇ¡Ç¡ÊÇÒøÐÐÍÑÀëʵ¼Ê£¬ËüÃǵÄÕËÄ¿´ó´ó¸ß¹ÀÁË×ʲú¡£½ñÌì£¬ÒøÐÐÈÏΪÊг¡¼Û¸ñ¿ä´ó¿÷Ëð£¬ÒòΪÊг¡¼Û¸ñÖ÷Òª·´Ó³Êг¡ÔÝʱµÄÁ÷¶¯ÐÔ²»×㣬¶ø²»·´Ó³»µÕË¿ÉÄÜ´ïµ½µÄ³Ì¶È¡£
statesman [ˈsteɪtsmən]
n. ÕþÖμÒ
estate [ɪˈsteɪt]
n. ·¿µØ²ú£»Éí·Ý£»²Æ²ú
devastate [ˈdevəˌsteɪt]
v. »ÙÃ𣬻ٻµ
devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ]
adj. »ÙÃðÐԵ컼«¾ßÆÆ»µÁ¦µÄ
¡¾Àý¡¿[adj]¼«¾ßÆÆ»µÁ¦µÄ
2008ÄêÔĶÁ Text 1
The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.
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workstation [ˈwɜː(r)kˌsteɪʃ(ə)n]
n. ¹¤×÷̨
¡¾Àý¡¿[n]¹¤×÷̨
2008ÄêÔĶÁ Text 3
Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.
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status [ˈsteɪtəs]
n. µØÎ»£»ÇéÐΣ»×´¿ö£»ÖØÒªÉí·Ý
¡¾Àý¡¿[n]×´¿ö
2011ÄêÔĶÁ Text 2
According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by ______.
[A] their expectation of better financial status
[B] their need to reflect on their private life
[C] their strained relation with the boards
[D] their pursuit of new career goals
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£º¸ù¾ÝµÚ¶þ¶Î¿ÉÖª£¬¸ß¼¶¾ÀíÈË´ÇÖ°¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪ______¡£
[A] ËûÃÇÆÚÍû¸üºÃµÄ¾¼Ã×´¿ö
[B] ËûÃÇ·´Ë¼¸öÈËÉú»îµÄÐèÒª
[C] ËûÃǺͶÊ»á½ôÕŵĹØÏµ
[D] ËûÃǶÔÐÂÊÂҵĿ±êµÄ×·Çó
¡¾Àý¡¿[n]µØÎ»
2017ÄêÔĶÁÅÅÐò
His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background.
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²¹³ä´Ê»ã
[½üÒå´Ê]
assert [əˈsɜː(r)t]
v. ¼á³Æ£»¶ÏÑÔ£»±íÃ÷
¡¾Àý¡¿[v]±íÃ÷
2013ÄêÔĶÁ Text 4
The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.
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affirm [əˈfɜː(r)m]
v. ¶ÏÑÔ£»¿Ï¶¨£»Ö¤Êµ
public
´ÊƵ ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï
adj. [ˈpʌblɪk] ¹«Öڵ컹«¹²µÄ£»¹«¿ªµÄ
n. [ˈpʌblɪk] ¹«ÖÚ£¬ÃñÖÚ
Ðνü´Ê£ºpublication, republican, publicity, publicized, publicly
Ðνü´Ê
publication [ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]
n. ³ö°æ£»·¢ÐУ»³ö°æÎ·¢ÐÐÎ¹«²¼£»·¢²¼
¡¾Àý¡¿[n]³ö°æÎ·¢ÐÐÎï
2013ÄêÔĶÁ Text 3
That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£ºÕâ¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇÍÆ³ö¡¶»¡¡·µÄÔÒòÖ®Ò»¡£¡¶»¡¡·ÊÇÒ»±¾ÖÂÁ¦ÓÚ²»¾ÃµÄ½«À´µÄгö°æÎï¡£
republican
[rɪˈpʌblɪkən] adj. ¹²ºÍ¹úµÄ£»¹²ºÍÕþÌåµÄ£»(ÃÀ¹ú)¹²ºÍµ³µÄ£»Ö§³Ö¹²ºÍµ³µÄ
[rɪˈpʌblɪkən] n. Óµ»¤¹²ºÍÕþÌåÕߣ»¹²ºÍÖ÷ÒåÕß
¡¾Àý¡¿ [adj] (ÃÀ¹ú)¹²ºÍµ³µÄ
2012ÄêÔĶÁ Text 4
In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.
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publicity [pʌbˈlɪsəti]
n. ¹«ÖÚÐÅÏ¢£»Ðû´«£»¹«Ö®ÓÚÖÚµÄ×´¿ö
publicized [ˈpʌblɪˌsaɪzd]
adj. ¹«¿ªµÄ
publicly [ˈpʌblɪkli]
adv. ¹«¹²µØ£»¹«¿ªµØ£»¹«ÖÚµØ
²¹³ä´Ê×é
[´Ê×é]
in public£º¹«¿ªµØ£¬µ±ÖÚ
¡¾Àý¡¿ ¹«¿ªµØ£¬µ±ÖÚ
2010 ÄêÔĶÁ Text 4
Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£ºÔÚ¹«ÖÚÃæÇ°£¬ÒøÐмÒÒ»Ö±°ÑËûÃǵÄÎÊÌâ¹é¾Ìµ½×Ô¼ºÉíÉÏ¡£
[½üÒå´Ê]
mass [mæs]
n. ÃñÖÚ£»´óÁ¿
civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l]
adj. ¹«ÃñµÄ
law
´ÊƵ ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï
n. [lɔː] ·¨ÂÉ£»·¨Á·¨¹æ£»¹æÂÉ£»¶¨ÂÉ
Ðνü´Ê£ºclaw, lawful, lawsuit, flaw, lawyer
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] ·¨ÂÉ
2014 ÄêÔĶÁText 2
A lot of students take up law as their profession due to______.
[A] the growing demand from clients
[B] the increasing pressure of inflation
[C] the prospect of working in big firms
[D] the attraction of financial rewards
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£ºÐí¶àѧÉúÑ¡Ôñ·¨ÂÉ×÷ΪËûÃǵÄÖ°Òµ£¬ÕâÊÇÒòΪ______¡£
[A] ²»¶ÏÔö³¤µÄ¿Í»§ÐèÇó
[B] ²»¶ÏÔö¼ÓµÄͨ»õÅòÕÍѹÁ¦
[C] ÔÚ´ó¹«Ë¾¹¤×÷µÄǰ¾°
[D] ¾¼Ã»Ø±¨µÄÎüÒýÁ¦
Ðνü´Ê
claw
[klɔː] n. צ£»òü£»Ç¯£»×¦ÐÎÆ÷¾ß
[klɔː] v. ÓÃצץ(»òÍÚ)
lawful [ˈlɔːf(ə)l]
adj. ºÏ·¨µÄ£»·¨¶¨µÄ£»·¨ÂÉÐí¿ÉµÄ
lawsuit [ˈlɔːˌsuːt]
n. ËßËÏ£»ËßËϰ¸¼þ
flaw
[flɔː] n. 覴ã»ÁÑÎÆ£»È±µã
[flɔː] v. Ê¹ÆÆÁÑ£»Ê¹ÓÐȱÏÝ
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] ȱµã
2012 ÄêÔĶÁText 1
The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.
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lawyer [ˈlɔːjə(r)]
n. ÂÉʦ£»·¨Ñ§¼Ò
²¹³ä´Ê»ã
[½üÒå´Ê]
legislation [ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃ(ə)n]
n. ·¨ÂÉ£»·¨¹æ
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] ·¨ÂÉ£»·¨¹æ
2018 ÄêÔĶÁ Text 4
This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
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mean
´ÊƵ ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï
v. [miːn] Òâζ×Å£¬¼´ÊÇ£»ÒâÖ¸£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ˵£»´òË㣬ÒâÓû£»ÒâÒåÖØ´ó
adj. [miːn] Áߨĵģ»¿Ì±¡µÄ£»ÆÆ¾ÉµÄ£»Æ½¾ùµÄ
n. [miːn] ƽ¾ùÖµ£»Æ½¾ùÊý
Ðνü´Ê£ºmeaning, well-meaning, meaningless, meaningfully, means, meanwhile
¡¾Àý¡¿[v] Òâζ×Å£¬¼´ÊÇ
2007 ÄêÔĶÁText 2
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£ººÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬ÖÇÁ¦°üº¬µÄ²»½ö½öÊÇÒ»´Î²âÊÔËùµÃµÄ·ÖÊý¡£ÄÇô´ÏÃ÷Òâζ×ÅÊ²Ã´ÄØ£¿
¡¾Àý¡¿[v] Òâζ×Å£¬¼´ÊÇ
2015 ÄêÔĶÁText 2
The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, means that police officers could conceivably access even more information with a few swipes on a touchscreen.
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Ðνü´Ê
meaning [ˈmiːnɪŋ]
n. ÒâÒ壬º¬Òå
well-meaning [welˈmiːnɪŋ]
adj. ÉÆÒâµÄ£»ºÃÐĵÄ
meaningless [ˈmiːnɪŋləs]
adj. ûÓÐÒâÒåµÄ£»²»ÖØÒªµÄ£»ÎÞ¼ÛÖµµÄ
meaningfully [ˈmiːnɪŋf(ə)li]
adv. ÓÐÒâͼµØ£»ÓÐÒâÒ嵨£»ÖØÒªµØ
¡¾Àý¡¿[adv] ÓÐÒâÒ嵨
2007 ÄêÔĶÁ Text 1
And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£º°£Àï¿ËÉÈ·ÐÅ£¬Ñ§Ï°ÈçºÎÓÐÒâÒ嵨±àÂëÐÅÏ¢µÄ×î¼Ñ·½·¨ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ±»³ÆÎª“¿ÌÒâÁ·Ï°”µÄѧϰ¹ý³Ì¡£“¿ÌÒâÁ·Ï°”ÐèÒªµÄ²»½ö½öÊǼòµ¥µØÖظ´Ò»¸öÈÎÎñ£¬Ëü»¹°üÀ¨È·¶¨Ã÷È·µÄÄ¿±ê¡¢»ñµÃ¼´Ê±µÄ·´À¡ÒÔ¼°·½·¨ºÍ½á¹û²¢ÖØ¡£
means [miːnz]
n. ·½·¨£»ÊÖ¶Î
meanwhile [ˈmiːnˌwaɪl]
adv. ͬʱ£»Æä¼ä
¡¾Àý¡¿[adv] ͬʱ
2018 ÄêÔĶÁText 4
Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.
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²¹³ä´Ê»ã
[´Ê×é]
by means of£ºÓã»ÒÀ¿¿
by no means£º¾ø²»£»Ò»µãÒ²²»
[ͬÒå´Ê]
indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]
v. ±íÃ÷£»°µÊ¾£»ÏóÕ÷£»·´Ó³
implication [ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]
n.¿ÉÄÜÒý·¢µÄºó¹û£»°µÊ¾£»º¬Òâ
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] ¿ÉÄÜÒý·¢µÄºó¹û
2007 ÄêÔĶÁ Text 3
Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes.
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influence
´ÊƵ ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï
n. [ˈɪnfluəns] Ó°Ï죻¸Ð»¯£»ÊÆÁ¦£¬È¨ÊÆ
v. [ˈɪnfluəns] Ó°Ï죻¸Ð»¯
Ðνü´Ê£ºinfluential
Ðνü´Ê
influential
[ˌɪnfluˈenʃ(ə)l] adj. ÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄ£»ÓÐÊÆÁ¦µÄ
[ˌɪnfluˈenʃ(ə)l] n. Ó°ÏìÕߣ»ÓÐÊÆÁ¦µÄÈË
¡¾Àý¡¿[adj] ÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄ
2014 ÄêÔĶÁ Text 4
Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to______.
[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education
[B] define the government’s role in education
[C] keep a leading position in liberal education
[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£º¹ú»áÖÐÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄÈËÎïÒªÇóÃÀ¹úÈËÎÄÓë¿ÆÑ§Ôº¾ÍÈçºÎ______×÷³ö±¨¸æ¡£
[A] ±£³ÖÈËÃǶÔÈËÎĽÌÓýµÄÐËȤ
[B] ¶¨ÒåÕþ¸®ÔÚ½ÌÓýÖеĽÇÉ«
[C] ÔÚÈËÎĽÌÓýÖб£³ÖÁìÏȵØÎ»
[D] ±£»¤¸öÈËÊܽÌÓýµÄȨÁ¦
²¹³ä´Ê»ã
[½üÒå´Ê]
impact
[ˈɪmpækt] n.Åöײ£»×²»÷£»Ó°Ïì
[ɪmˈpækt] v. ײ»÷£»Åöײ£»³å»÷£»(¶Ô……)²úÉúÓ°Ïì
¡¾Àý¡¿[n] Ó°Ïì
2013 ÄêÔĶÁ Text 1
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
²Î¿¼ÒëÎÄ£º¾¡¹Ü¶à¼Ò¿ìʱÉй«Ë¾ÒѾÔÚ¾¡Á¦¿ØÖÆÆä¶ÔÀͶ¯Á¦ºÍ»·¾³µÄÓ°Ïì(ÀýÈçH&MÍÆ³öÁË»·±£ÒâʶϵÁзþ×°Éú²úÏß)£¬µ«¿ËÀ³ÒòÈÏΪ£¬³¤ÆÚµÄ¸Ä±äÖ»ÄÜͨ¹ýÏû·ÑÕßÀ´ÊµÏÖ¡£
live
´ÊƵ ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï
v. [lɪv] ¾Óס£»Éú»î£»Éú´æ£»ÒÔ……ΪÉú£»Áô´æ£»Ãú¼Ç
adj. [laɪv] »îµÄ£»ÓÐÉúÃüµÄ£»ÏÖ³¡ÑݳöµÄ
Ðνü´Ê£ºalive, deliver, delivery, outlive, liveliness, livelihood
¡¾Àý¡¿[adj] ÏÖ³¡ÑݳöµÄ
2011 ÄêÔĶÁText 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.
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These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.
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If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.
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2009 ÄêÍêÐÍ
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.
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Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.
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In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.
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The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.
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It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______.
[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant
[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership
[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists
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