öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

C) Bryant's father expected to find a diamond used in industry

D) diamonds are produced with carbon gas

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?

A) Diamond can withstand higher degree than silicon.

B) The main component of semiconductors will be replaced in a few years.

C) High-quality crystals have least usages, esp. in jewelry.

D) Engineers could not find perfect ways of making pure crystal cheaply.

3. According to the passage, why can the companies increase and perfect their production of diamond?

A) They all work in secrecy.

B) They have improved their techniques.

C) They have developed their own diamond chambers.

D) They have turned the rough diamonds to high-quality ones.

4. Which of the following best defines the word “attribute”£¨Line 5, Paragraph 4£©?

A) Quality.

B) Contribution.

C) Appearance.

D) Value.

5. The new diamond is NOT first used in______.

A) LEDs

B) flat-screen displays

C) high-definition televisions

D) prototype diamond semiconductors





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recipe /ˈresɪpi/ n. ´¦·½£¬Ãؾ÷

artificial /ˌ¨»ːtɪˈfɪʃəl/ adj. ÈËÔìµÄ£¬¼ÙµÄ£¬·ÇÔ­²úµØµÄ

eureka /ɪʊəˈriːkə/ int. ÎÒ·¢ÏÖÁË£¡£¨±í´ïÓÐÖØ´óз¢ÏÖʱµÄ»¶ÀÖ£©

synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/ adj. ºÏ³ÉµÄ£¬ÈËÔìµÄ£¬×ۺϵÄ

dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/ v. ÇýÉ¢£¬£¨Ê¹ÔÆ¡¢Îí¡¢ÒÉÂǵȣ©ÏûÉ¢£»ÀË·Ñ£¨½ðÇ®»òʱ¼ä£©

silicon /ˈsɪlɪkən/ n. ¡¾»¯¡¿¹è£¬¹èÔªËØ

wafer /ˈweɪfə/ n. ¾§Æ¬£¬Ô²Æ¬£»±¡±ý£»¸É½ºÆ¬

gemstone /ˈdʒemˌstəʊn/ n. ¾­µñ×ÁµÄ±¦Ê¯

prototype /ˈprəʊtəʊtaɪp/ n. Ô­ÐÍ£»Ä£ÐÍ£»µäÐÍ

impurity /ɪmˈpjʊərɪti/ n. ÔÓÖÊ£¬»ìÔÓÎ²»½à£¬²»´¿

attribute /əˈtrɪbju(ː)t/ n. ÊôÐÔ£¬Æ·ÖÊ£¬ÌØÕ÷

manipulate /məˈnɪpjʊleɪt/ vt.£¨ÊìÁ·µØ£©²Ù×÷£¬²Ù×Ý£¨ÈË»òÊмÛ¡¢Êг¡£©£»ÀûÓã»Ó¦¸¶£»¼ÙÔì

stigma /ˈstɪgmə/ n. ÎÛÃû£¬³ÜÈè

distribute /dɪsˈtrɪbju(ː)t/ vt.·Ö·¢£»·ÖÅ䣻ɢ²¼£¬·Ö²¼





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¢Ù His father had managed what many scientists had given up on long ago: to manufacture a stone that wouldn't look out of place on an engagement ring.

Ö÷Ìå¾äʽ£ºHis father had managed…

½á¹¹·ÖÎö£ºÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö¸´ÔӾ䣬whatÒýµ¼µÄÊDZöÓï´Ó¾ä£¬to manufacture a stoneʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇwhat many scientists had given upµÄͬνÓthatÒýµ¼µÄÊǶ¨Óï´Ó¾ä¡£

¾ä×ÓÒëÎÄ£ºËûµÄ¸¸Ç×Íê³ÉÁËÐí¶à¿Æѧ¼ÒºÜ¾ÃÒÔÇ°·ÅÆúµÄÑо¿£¬¼´ÖÆÔì³öÒ»¿éÓÃÔÚ¶©»é½äÖ¸ÉÏÒ²ÏÔµÃÔÙºÏÊʲ»¹ýµÄ×êʯ¡£

¢Ú High-quality crystals, though, open up huge possibilities, jewelry being the least of them.

Ö÷Ìå¾äʽ£ºCrystals open up possibilities…

½á¹¹·ÖÎö£ºJewelry being the least of themÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ö´Ê¶ÀÁ¢Ö÷¸ñ½á¹¹£¬ÔÚ¾äÖÐ×÷°éËæ×´Óï¡£

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Unit 53


Nobody ever went into academia to make a fast buck. Professors, especially those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.

The profits are impressive:¢Ù the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.

Now Columbia is going retail——on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical “dot.edu”model, free sites listing courses and professors' research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines “millions of visitors”to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of what's thought and written and researched,”says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for-profit “knowledge sites,”such as About.com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this space,”says Crow, “they'll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty.”

Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn't? ¢Ú Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?

“If there's the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished,”worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia's education school. Says Kirschner: “We would never compromise the integrity of the university.”Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It's going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.

×¢£¨1£©£º±¾ÎÄÑ¡×ÔNewsweek£»

×¢£¨2£©£º±¾ÎÄÏ°ÌâÃüÌâÄ£·Â¶ÔÏóΪ 2002ÄêÕæÌâText 2¡£

1. In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work in______.

A) academia

B) ivory tower

C) company

D) medical field

2. The word “aggressively”£¨Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means______.

A) harmfully

B) carelessly

C) desperately

D) boldly

3. According to the text, the traditional feature of the Web of Columbia is______.

A) offering free access to the advanced features that are available to Columbia's students

B) that free page will feed into profit-producing page

C) providing the expertise of the teachers on the profit site

D) offering free sites listing courses and professors' research interests

4.

Besides the delight of most people for the profit, some______.

A) worry that the professors are not reliable

B) think this tendency may be terrible

C) hope the university to give more support to researchers who work for profit

D) show mercy to the scholars toiling in the musty area

5. The author uses the words of the professor Herve Varenne and Kirschner to show______.

A) if the faculties all try to make money the university will have no authority

B) the new site may not add to the growing profits

C) there exist some problems behind the profit

D) new balance between profit and purity will be the best opinion





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academia /ˌækəˈdiːmjə/ n. ѧÊõ½ç£¬Ñ§Êõ»·¾³

potential /pəˈtenʃ(ə)l/ n. DZÄÜ£¬Ç±Á¦

wrestle /ˈresl/ vi. ˤõÓ£¬¸ñ¶·£¬¶·Õù£»Õå×Ã

royalty /ˈrɔɪəlti/ n. £¨³£Óø´£©ÍõȨ£»Íõ¹ú£»ÍõµÄÁìÍÁ£¬ÌØÐíȨʹÓ÷Ñ£¬×¨ÀûȨʹÓ÷ѣ»×¨ÀûȨ˰

aggressively /əˈgresɪvli/ adv. ºÃ¶·µØ£¬¸Ò×÷¸ÒΪµØ£¬Óд³¾¢µØ£¬ÇÖÂÔÐÔµØ

pharmaceutical /ˌf¨»ːməˈsjuːtɪkəl/ adj. ÖÆÒ©£¨Ñ§£©µÄ

expertise /ekspɜːˈtiːz/ n.רÃż¼ÄÜ£»×¨ÃÅ֪ʶ

simulation /ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃən/ n. ·ÂÕ棬¼Ù×°£¬Ä£Äâ

interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ adj. ½»»¥Ê½µÄ

provost /ˈprɒvəst/ n. ½ÌÎñ³¤

faculty /ˈfækəlti/ n. È«Ìå½ÌÔ±£»£¨´óѧµÄ£©Ïµ£¬¿Æ£»£¨ÊÚÓèµÄ£©È¨Á¦

credible /ˈkredəbl/ adj. ¿ÉÐŵÄ£¬¿É¿¿µÄ

toil /tɔɪl/ vi. ¿à¸É£¬°ÏÉ棬·ÑÁ¦µØ×ö

musty /ˈmʌsti/ adj. ·¢Ã¹µÄ£»ÀÏÐàµÄ£¬³Â¸¯µÄ

diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v. £¨Ê¹£©¼õÉÙ£¬£¨Ê¹£©±äС

integrity /ɪnˈtegrɪti/ n. ÕýÖ±£¬³Ïʵ£¬ÍêÕû





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Unit 54


A dog may be man's best friend. But man is not always a dog's. Over the centuries selective breeding has pulled at the canine body shape to produce grotesque distortion. Indeed, some of these distortions are, when found in people, regarded as pathologies.

Dog breeding does, though, offer a chance to those who would like to understand how body shape is controlled. The ancestry of pedigree pooches is well recorded, their generation time is short and their litter size reasonably large, so there is plenty of material to work with. Moreover, breeds are, by definition, inbred, and this simplifies genetic analysis. Those such as Elaine Ostrander, of America's National Human Genome Research Institute, who wish to identify the genetic basis of the features of particular pedigrees thus have an ideal experimental animal. Dr Ostrander has already used dogs to track down the genes behind certain cancers that the species shares with people, and to work out the dog family tree. At the AAAS she described her search for the genes controlling three of the most important features of a breed: its size, its hair and the length of its legs.

To investigate size, she looked at a breed called the Portuguese water dog. There are about 10,000 of these animals in North America. All of them are descended from an original population of just 30 that was introduced half a century ago. The size of water dogs, she found, is governed mainly by variations in a gene called insulin-like growth-factor 1——and that is probably true of other breeds as well.

Short legs, a phenomenon known as chondrodysplasia, are characteristic of many dog breeds, perhaps most famously dachshunds and corgis. In people the condition is known vulgarly as dwarfism. Dr Ostrander's work showed that in dogs it is caused by the reactivation of a “dead”version of a gene involved in the regulation of growth. Chromosomes are littered with such non-functional genes; they are the result of mutations favoured by natural selection at some point in the past. Here the gene in question has been reactivated by the arrival within it of what is known as a LINE-1 element. This is a piece of DNA that can jump about from place to place within a genome, sometimes causing havoc as it does so.