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Unit 1


The very loans that are supposed to help seniors stay in their homes are in many cases pushing them out.

Reverse mortgages, which allow homeowners 62 and older to borrow money against the value of their homes and not pay it back until they move out or die, have long been fraught with problems. But federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse as smaller mortgage brokers, including former subprime lenders, flood the market after the recent exit of big banks and as defaults on the loans hit record rates.

Some lenders are aggressively pitching loans to seniors who cannot afford the fees associated with them, not to mention the property taxes and maintenance. Others are wooing seniors with promises that the loans are free money that can be used to finance long-coveted cruises, without clearly explaining the risks. Some widows are facing eviction after they say they were pressured to keep their name off the deed without being told that they could be left facing foreclosure after their husbands died.

Now, as the vast baby boomer generation heads for retirement and more seniors grapple with dwindling savings, the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders. More than 775,000 of such loans are outstanding, according to the federal government.

Concerns about the multibillion-dollar reverse mortgage market echo those raised in the lead-up to the financial crisis when consumers were marketed loans—often carrying hidden risks—that they could not afford.

“There are many of the same red flags, including explosive growth and the fact that these loans are often peddled aggressively without regard to suitability,” said Lori Swanson, the Minnesota attorney general, who is working on reforming the reverse mortgage market.

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1. What can we learn about mortgage loans from the first two paragraphs?

A) The loans help seniors stay in their homes.

B) The loans are actually expelling seniors.

C) The reverse mortgage only welcomes seniors 62 and older.

D) Seniors can apply for reverse mortgage freely.

2. The problem of reverse mortgage refers to ______.

A) some lenders are pleased to lend money to seniors

B) the borrowers cannot pay back the money as expected

C) federal and state regulators are documenting new instances of abuse

D) former subprime lenders go bankrupt

3. The word “foreclosure”(Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably implies ______.

A) the widows were pressured to lose their names

B) the seniors couldn’t enjoy their cruises finally

C) the widows may be evicted from their houses

D) the widows had misunderstood the reverse mortgage

4. Which of the following is true about the new rules from CFPB?

A) The rules are good for lenders while adverse to borrowers.

B) The baby boomer phenomenon helps seniors to save money.

C) Consumers can better understand reverse mortgage.

D) The rules will be stricter for consumers.

5. The “red flags” of reverse mortgage don’t include ______.

A) explosive growth

B) never considering suitability

C) leading to financial crisis

D) the reform of reverse mortgage market





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mortgage /ˈmɔːgɪdʒ/ n. µÖѺ

fraught /frɔːt/ adj. ³äÂú£¨ÁîÈ˲»¿ì֮ʣ©µÄ£»µ£ÐĵÄ£¬ÓÇÂǵÄ

subprime lender ´Î´û·½£¬´Î¼¶µÖѺ´û¿îµÄ´û¿î·½

default /dɪˈfɔːlt/ n. ²»»¹Õ®£»Î¥Ô¼£»È±Ï¯

pitch /pɪtʃ/ v. ͶÖÀ£»Çãб£»´îÕÊÅñ

woo /wuː/ v. ÕùÈ¡…µÄÖ§³Ö£»×·Ç󣻿ÒÇó

long-coveted /ˌlɒŋ-ˈkʌvətɪd/ adj. êéêìÒѾõÄ£¬³¤ÆÚ´¹ÏѵÄ

eviction /ɪˈvɪkʃn/ n. Öð³ö£¬¸Ï³ö£»ÊÕ»Ø

grapple /ˈ¨Àræpl/ v. ŬÁ¦¿Ë·þ£»×¥×¡£»Óë…¸ñ¶·

dwindle /ˈdwɪndl/ v. ¼õÉÙ£»±äС

outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. δ³¥¸¶µÄ£»ÏÔÖøµÄ£»Î´½â¾öµÄ

peddle /ˈpedl/ v. ½ÐÂô£»¶µÊÛ£»É¢²¥





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Now, as the vast baby boomer generation heads for retirement and more seniors grapple with dwindling savings, the newly minted Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is working on new rules that could mean better disclosure for consumers and stricter supervision of lenders.

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Unit 2


The American economy has been shedding jobs for nearly two years, but now comes a sign that the gloom could eventually lift. The Bureau of Labour Statistics released new data on payroll employment on Friday December 4th, and across the board the numbers came in better than had been expected.

Some 11,000 jobs were lost in November, the smallest total since the recession began late in 2007. And despite the continued job losses, the overall unemployment rate fell from 10.2% to 10.0%. So, too, did broader measures of unemployment which include marginally attached workers and those who work only part time (for economic reasons).

The payroll report will leave markets and policymakers happy, for a day at least. Most forecasters had expected that 100,000 jobs, or more, would have been lost, and most thought that the unemployment rate would hold steady or rise. A private employment report for November, which is published just before the official payroll report, showed that nearly 170,000 workers lost their jobs.

None of this means that the troubles are all over, however. The unemployment rate had once before declined in 2009, from June to July, before proceeding to rise for the next three months. A steady decline now will be hard to achieve: one estimate suggests that the American economy needs to add around 150,000 jobs each month just to keep up with population growth.

Employment growth in the economy remains concentrated in just a few sectors. There are encouraging signs in professional and business services; a 52,000 job increase in temporary help services in this category indicates that employers may soon begin creating more permanent positions.£¨Although by one measure non-manufacturing businesses are losing confidence, according to an index produced by the Institute for Supply Management this week.£©Education, health services, and government are the only other sources of employment growth; the manufacturing, construction, and retail sectors continued to cut jobs in November.

That is particularly disappointing given that manufacturing activity has expanded for four consecutive months. More troubling still, the rate of manufacturing expansion declined in November. Increasing activity to data had largely been because of the replenishment of depleted inventories. If this brief spurt of expansion has exhausted itself without creating new jobs, then that bodes ill for recovery in other sources of demand, including consumer spending.

And then there are the ugliest statistics of all. Just over 15m Americans are unemployed, an increase of 8m from the start of the recession. Nearly 6m of those are considered long-term unemployed. Almost 40% of jobless workers have been out of work for 27 weeks or more. Bringing most of these workers back into the labour force will require strong economic growth, of the sort that is unlikely to prevail for at least the next year or so. This unexpectedly sharp decline in lost jobs is a silver lining on an extremely dark cloud.

×¢£¨1£©£º±¾ÎÄÑ¡×ÔEconomist£»

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1. What is America’s current unemployment situation?

A) The unemployment rate remains in a mild decline.

B) The number of job offers has exceeded that of job losses.

C) There still will be many people who are going to lose their jobs.

D) It has met the expectations of the majority of people.

2. We can infer from the second and third paragraphs that ______.

A) the private employment report lacks credibility

B) unemployment rate does not involve all citizens

C) unemployment rate forecast is inaccurate

D) policy-making depends on unemployment rate

3. The word “bodes” (Line 4, Paragraph 6) most probably means ______.

A) brings

B) falls

C) develops

D) foretells

4. Speaking of employment growth, the author implies that ______.

A) economic sectors of employment growth are still limited yet expanding

B) inventory replenishment is a good chance of providing more jobs

C) the prospect of an overall employment growth remains gloomy

D) the difficulty of demand recovery impedes the creation of new jobs

5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.

A) the unexpectedly sharp decline in lost jobs paves the way for general optimism

B) the unemployment rate fluctuates dramatically in economic recession

C) it is still uncertain whether the November unemployment rate is a good sign

D) unemployment rate is expected to continually drop in the following months





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gloom /gluːm/ n. ÏôÌõ£¨»òÏû³Á£©µÄ×´¿ö£¬ÎÞÍû

payroll /ˈpeɪˌrəʊl/ n. нˮ²á£¬¹¤×ʱí

recession /rɪˈseʃn/ n. £¨¾­¼ÃµÄ£©Ë¥ÍË£»Ë¥ÍËÆÚ

marginally /ˈm¨»ːrdʒɪnəli/ adv. ÉÙÁ¿µØ£»×îµÍÏ޶ȵØ

consecutive /kənˈsekjutɪv/ adj. Á¬Ðø²»¶ÏµÄ£»½ÓÁ¬¶øÀ´µÄ

replenishment /rɪˈplenɪʃmənt/ n. ÔÙ×°Âú£¬²¹³ä£¬³äÂú

inventory /ˈɪnvəntri/ n. Çåµ¥ÉÏ¿ªÁеĻõÆ·£¬´æ»õ

spurt /spɜːt/ n. ¶Ìʱ¼¤Ôö£»±Å·¢

exhaust /ɪgˈzɒst/ v. ÓÃÍ꣬ºÄ¾¡

prevail /prɪˈveɪl/ v. Á÷ÐУ¬Ê¢ÐУ»Æձ鷢Éú

silver lining £¨²»ÐÒ»òʧÍûÖеģ©Ò»ÏßÏ£Íû





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Ö÷Ìå¾äʽ£ºSo did broader measures of unemployment.

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Unit 3


Since the start of the year the price of sugar futures has almost doubled. This is welcome news for Brazil, the world’s largest producer of the stuff. The price spike is mainly explained by unfavourable weather—too little rain in India and too much in Brazil. India’s sugar production fell by almost half last year, turning the country from the second-biggest producer to the biggest importer. For Brazil’s big sugar companies the timing is perfect: the credit crunch set off a wave of consolidation in an industry that had been resistant to it. The firms that have survived now have more scale and lots of cash.