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The study found that£¬ among prosecuted firms£¬ those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties£¬¡£ Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence£¬ rather than their CSR stand£¬ that accounted for the leniency£º Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines¡£

In all£¬ the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits£¬ they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR¡£ “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern £¬ such as child labour£¬ or increasing corporate giving byabout20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials”£¬ says one researcher¡£

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR¡£ Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect£¬ rather than the other possible benefits£¬ when they decide their do-gooding policies¡£ But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law£¬ evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment¡£

31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A]tolerance¡£

[B]skepticism¡£

[C]uncertainty¡£

[D]approval¡£

32.According to Paragraph 2£¬CSR helps a company by

[A]winning trust from consumers¡£

[B]guarding it against malpractices¡£

[C]protecting it from being defamed¡£

[D]raising the quality of its products¡£

33¡£ The expression “more lenient ”£¨line 2£¬para.4£©is closest in meaning to

[A]more effective

[B]less controversial

[C]less severe

[D]more lasting

34¡£ When prosecutors evaluate a case£¬ a company’s CSR regard  

[A]has an impact on their decision

[B]comes across as reliable evidence

[C]increases the chance of being penalized

[D]constitutes part of the investigation

35.Which of the following is true of CSR£¬ according to the last paragraph£¿

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked¡£

[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown¡£

[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated¡£

[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry¡£

31 ´ð°¸ B Skepticism

½âÎö£º×÷Õß¹Ûµã̬¶ÈÌâ¡£Ìâ¸ÉÎʵÄÊÇ×÷Õ߶ÔÓйØCSR·½ÃæMilton FriedmanµÄ˵·¨ÊÇʲô̬¶È¡£¸ù¾Ý´óдMilton FriedmanÕâ¸öÈ˶¨Î»µ½¶¨Î»µ½Ê׶ÎÊ׾䡣עÒâÌâ¸ÉÎʵÄÊÇ×÷ÕߵĿ´·¨£¬Òò´Ë¶¨Î»µ½ºóÒ»¾äbutתÕÛ´¦¡£×ªÕÛ´¦µÄÖ÷Ìâ¾äʽ“things may not absolutely clear-cut”£¬×÷Õß³ÖµÄÊÇ·ñ¶¨Ì¬¶È£¬Ñ¡Ôñ´ð°¸B¡£CÑ¡ÏîÊÇ×÷Õß̬¶È²»Ã÷È·£¬²»ÄÜÑ¡Ôñ¡£

32 ´ð°¸ A winning trust from consumers

½âÎö£º¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÕÒµ½µÚ¶þ¶Î¡£¸ù¾ÝµÚ¶þ¶ÎÄÚÈÝ£¬CSR could add value to their business in three ways¡£ ´Ó¶ø¶¨Î»ÏÂÃæÈýµã¡£FirstºóÃæ³öÏÖÁËhigh quality£¬µ«ÊÇËüÊÇÔÚ´Ó¾äÖУ¬´Ó¾äÐÞÊΓsignal”£¬¶ø±¾¾äνÓﶯ´ÊÊÇtake£¬ÓëDÖÐ raising ²¢²»ÊÇͬÒå´Ê£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£Second£¬ºÍthird ¶¼ÓëÏû·ÑÕß¹ºÂòÐÄ̬ÓйØ£¬ºÍAÑ¡Ïî winning trust from consumers Ïà¶ÔÓ¦¡£¶øB£¬CÑ¡ÏîµÄmalpracticesºÍdefamedÔÚÔ­ÎÄÖв¢Î´³öÏÖ£¬ÇÒûÓÐͬÒå´Ê£¬¹ÊÅųý¡£

33 ´ð°¸ C less severe

½âÎö£º¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÕÒµ½µÚËĶζÔÓ¦´¦¡£¿É¼ûÌâ¸ÉµÄ more lenient ÊÇ×÷ΪÐÞÊÎ penalties£¨³Í·££© µÄ£¬¹ÊÍƲⱾ¾äÔÚÌÖÂÛ CSR ºÍ penalties ÓÐʲôÁªÏµ¡£¶ø±¾¶ÎÓë³Í·£Ïà¹ØµÄ´ÊÖ»ÓÐ×îºóÒ»¸ö´Ê fines£¨·£½ð£©£¬ÐÞÊÎËüµÄÐÎÈÝ´ÊÊÇlower£¬ ¹Ê¿ÉÍƲâ more lenient Óë½µµÍ³Í·£ÓйØ£¬Ö»ÓÐCÑ¡ÏîÂú×ã¡£

34 ´ð°¸  A has an impact on their decision

½âÎö£ºÌâ¸ÉÖÐÎʵÄÊÇ CSR record Óë prosecutors evaluate a case µÄ¹Øϵ£¬¸ù¾ÝÌâ¸ÉÄÚÈݵ½¶ÔÓ¦µã£ºµÚÎå¶ÎµÚÒ»¾ä¡£±¾¾ä˵£¬¡£¡£¡£they do seem to be influenced by a company‘s recore in CSR¡£ÕâÀïµÄ be influenced ÓëAÑ¡Ïî has an impact ¶ÔÓ¦£¬¹ÊÑ¡A¡£ ¶øBÑ¡ÏîÖÐµÄ reliable evidence£¬ C Ñ¡ÏîÖÐµÄ the chance of being penalized ÔÚÔ­ÎÄÖÐûÓÐÌåÏÖ¡£DÑ¡ÏîÖÐµÄ investigation ÓëÌâ¸ÉÖÐµÄ When prosecutors evaluate a case Ã÷ÏÔ¶ÔÓ¦²»ÉÏ£¬¹Ê²»Ó迼ÂÇ¡£

35 ´ð°¸  B The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown

½âÎö£º¸ÃÌâÊÇÒ»µÀÅжÏÌ⣬Ìâ¸ÉÎʵÄÊÇÓйØCSRÄĸöÊǶԵÄ¡£Ïȸù¾ÝCSR»Øµ½×îºóÒ»¶Î£¬¶¨Î»µ½Ä©¶ÎÊ׾䡣Ê×¾äÌáµ½“Ñо¿ÈËÔ±³ÐÈϵ½ÆäÑо¿Ã»ÓлشðÈçÏÂÎÊÌ⣺¹«Ë¾Ó¦¸ÃÔÚCSR·½Ã滨·Ñ¶àÉÙÇ®”¡£Ñ¡ÏîBµÄÒâ˼Êǹ«Ë¾ÔÚÆä·½ÃæµÄ»¨·ÑÊÇδ֪µÄ£¬ÊôÓÚÔ­ÎĵÄͬÒåÌæ»»¡£

Text  4

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint¡£ Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate¡£ “Sometime in the future”£¬ the paper’s publisher said back in 2010¡£