Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
¡°New England poet¡±
My butterfly <Îҵĺûµû>
A Boy¡¯s Will <ÉÙÄêµÄÒâÖ¾>
North of Boston <²¨Ê¿¶ÙÒÔ±±>
Mountain Interval <ɽ¼ä>
New Hampshire <к±²¼Ê²¶û>
West-Running Brook <ÏòÎ÷Á÷È¥µÄСϪ>
A Further Range <ÓÖһƬÄÁ³¡>
Mending Wall <ÐÞǽ>
After Apple-Picking <ժƻ¹ûÖ®ºó>
The Birches <°×èëÊ÷>
A Witness Tree <¼ûÖ¤Ê÷>
Steeple Bush <¼âËþ´Ô>
A Masque of Mercy <¼Ù´È±¯>
Collected Poems <Ê«Ñ¡>
Complete Poems <Ê«¸èÈ«¼¯>
In the Clearing <ÁÖ¼ä¿ÕµØ>
won Pulitzer Prize 4 times
Appointed as professor or visiting poet by dozens of universities
Be entitled ¡°national poet¡± by American senate at age of 75
Recited his poem The Gift Outright on Inauguration Day of John Kennedy <È«ÐÄÈ«ÒâµÄ·îÏ×>
Last poem at age of 88
(II) American Drama
Disapproved by Puritanism, American drama started late and developed slowly. European drama entered its heyday at the end of the 19th century. Many small theatres appeared in America under the influence of European drama. Famous ones are as follows:
Washington Square Theatre in 1915¡úTheatre Guild in 1919¾çԺлá
Provincetown Theatre in 1915 ÆÕÂÞÎÄ˹¶Ø¾çÉç
Group Theatre in 1931 ͬÈʾçÉç
1 Great playwright of the 1920s
Eugene O¡¯Neil (1888¡ª1953) ÓȽð.°ÂÄá¶û
America¡¯s greatest playwright
American Shakespeare
A prize-winning playwright:
4 times won the Pulitzer Prize (1920; 1922; 1928; 1957)
and one time won the Nobel Prize (1936)
Beyond the Horizon <Ìì±ßÍâ>--the Pulitzer Prize in 1920
(reality destroy people¡¯s ideal life)
Anna Christie <°²ÄÈ.¿ËÀï˹µÙ>¨Cthe Pulitzer Prize in 1922
the Nobel Prize in 1936 for the above two
Bound East for Cardiff <¶«º½¼ÓµÏ·ò> (1916)
In the Zone ¡¶ÔÚÕâÒ»´ø¡·(1917)
The Long Voyage Home ¡¶Âþ³¤µÄ·µº½¡·(1917)
The Moon of the Caribbean ¡¶¼ÓÀձȵÄÔÂÁÁ¡· (1918)
Emperor Jones <Çí˹»ÊµÛ> (1920)
The Hairy Ape <ëԳ> (1922)
--workers be treated as animals in capitalist society
Desire under the Elms <ÓÜÊ÷ϵÄÓûÍû> (1924)
--bourgeoisie families fought for property and its consequences
The Great God Brown <´óÉñ²¼ÀÊ> (1926)
Strange Interlude <ÆæÃîµÄ²åÇú> (1928)
Lazarus Laughed <Àɢ·ЦÁË>
Mourning Becomes Electra <±¯µ¿> (1931)
Ah, Wilderness <°¡£¬»ÄÒ°> (the only comedy)
The Iceman Cometh <Âô±ùµÄÈËÀ´ÁË>--people¡¯s void and despair during the 30s crisis
Long Day¡¯s Journey into Night £¨on stage after death£©<½øÈëºÚÒ¹µÄÂþ³¤ÂóÌ>--the Pulitzer Prize in 1957
The above two underlined ¨Cthe best works
2 playwrights of the 1930s
Clifford Odets (1906¡ª1963) ¿ËÀû¸£µÂ.°ÂµÂ´Ä
born in Philadelphia and reared in the Bronx
quit school at 15 to become an actor
a founder of Group Theatre after acting with the Theatre Guild
Waiting for Lefty <µÈ´ýÀÏ×ó> (one-act play dealing with a taxi strike)
(III) Novels Between Two World Wars
1 Lost Generation----Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) ¶òÄÚ˹ÌØ.º£Ã÷Íþ
Outstanding modern American novelist
journalist & war experience
Three stories and Ten Poems (1923) ¡¶Èýƪ¶ÌƪС˵ºÍÊ®Ê×Ê«¡·
In Our Time (1925) ¡¶ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄʱ´úÀï¡·
--a new shining literary star with unique style
The Sun Also Rises (1926) ¡¶Ì«ÑôÕÕÑùÉýÆð¡·¡ªthe first long novel
A Farewell to Arms (1929) ¡¶ÓÀ±ðÁË£¬ÎäÆ÷¡·
Death in the Afternoon (1932) ¡¶ÎçºóÖ®ËÀ¡·
Green Hills of Africa (1935) ¡¶·ÇÖÞµÄÇàɽ¡·
Winner Take Nothing (1933) ¡¶Ê¤ÕßÎÞËùµÃ¡·
To Have and Have Not (1937) ¡¶¸»ÓÐÓëƶÇî¡·
For whom the Bell Tolls (1940) ¡¶É¥ÖÓΪ˶øÃù¡·
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) ¡¶ÀÏÈËÓ뺣¡·
Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954
2 The Age of Jazz----F. Scott Fitzgerald
outstanding American novelist
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896¡ª1940) ¸¥.˾¸÷ÌØ.·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂ
The Romantic Egoist ¡¶ÀËÂþµÄÀû¼ºÖ÷ÒåÕß¡·¨D¡ú
This Side of Paradise (1920) ¡¶È˼äÌìÌá·
Flappers and Philosophers (1921) ¡¶Çá٬ŮÀÉÓëÕÜѧ¼Ò¡·
Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) ¡¶¾ôÊ¿ÀÖʱ´úµÄ¹ÊÊ¡·
The Beautiful and Damned (1922) ¡¶Æ¯ÁÁÔ©¼Ò¡·
The Diamond as Big as the Ritz ¡¶´óÈçÀï×È·¹µêµÄ×êʯ¡·(a short story)
The Great Gatsby (1925) ¡¶´óÈËÎï¸Ç´Ä±È¡·
All the Sad Young Men (1926) ¡¶Ò»´ú±¯°§µÄÄêÇáÈË¡·
---(a collection of short stories)
Tender Is the Night (1934) ¡¶Ò¹É«ÎÂÈá¡·
The Last Tycoon (1941) ¡¶×îºóµÄÒ»¸ö¾ÞÍ·¡·
3 Literature of Depression:
¢Ù John Steinbeck £¨1902¡ª1968£©Ô¼º².˹̹±´¿Ë
American novelist
Write long novels, plays, short stories, travel notes and news etc.
Of Mice and Men (1937) ¡¶ÊóÓëÈË¡·
The Grapes of Wrath (1938) ¡¶·ßŵÄÆÏÌÑ¡·
¢ÚJohn Dos Passos (1896¡ª1970) Ô¼º².¶à˹.ÅÁË÷˹
American novelist & social historian
Write novels, plays, reportage, travel notes and prose etc.
Manhattan Transfer (1925) ¡¶Âü¹þ¶ÙÖÐתվ¡·
U.S. A. ¡¶ÃÀ¹ú¡·Èý²¿Çú£º
The Forty-Second Parallel (1930) ¡¶±±Î³ËÄÊ®¶þ¶È¡·
1919 (1932) ¡¶Ò»¾ÅÒ»¾Å¡·
The Big Money (1936) ¡¶×¬´óÇ®¡·
His achievement in composition earned him reputation
4 Literature of the South / the Southern Renaissance
The Virginia Review ¡¶¸¥¼ªÄáÑÇÆÀÂÛ¡·(1925)
The Fugitives ¡°ÌÓÍöÕßÅÉ¡±/ Agrarian¡°ÖØũѧÅÉ¡±
The Fugitives ¡¶ÌÓÍöÕß¡·ÔÓÖ¾
Southern Review ¡¶ÄÏ·½ÆÀÂÛ¡·ÔÓÖ¾¡ú
Kenyon Review ¡¶¿ÏÓ¹ÆÀÂÛ¡·ÔÓÖ¾¡ú
The New Criticism ÐÂÅúÆÀÅÉ
(1) William Faulkner (1897¡ª1962) ÍþÁ®.¸£¿ËÄÉ
modern novelist
19 novels and 3 collections of more than 70 short stories
The Marble Faun (1924) ¡¶ÓñʯÊÕÉñ¡·
The Sound and the Fury (1929) ¡¶Ðú»©Óëɧ¶¯¡·
Light in August (1932) ¡¶°ËÔÂÖ®¹â¡·
Absalom, Absalom! (1936) ¡¶ÑºÉ³Áú£¬ÑºÉ³Áú£¡¡·
Go Down, Moses (1942) ¡¶È¥°É£¬Ä¦Î÷¡·
(2) Katherine Anne Porter (1890¡ª1980) ¿ÉªÁÕ.°².²¨ÌØ
female writer born in Texas of a family with a long southern heritage
educated in convent and private schools
later traveled widely
the settings for her fiction, in addition to her native state, include Mexico, where she lived for some time, and Germany, where she resided more briefly.
The Flowering Judas (1930) ¡¶¿ª»¨µÄ×Ͼ£Ê÷¡·
The Leaning Tower (1944) ¡¶Ð±Ëþ¡·
A Ship of Fools (1962) ¡¶ÓÞÈË´¬¡·
(3) John Crowe Ransom (1888¡ª1974) Ô¼º².¿ËÀÍÎé.À¼ÈûÄ·
Tennessee poet
A Rhodes Scholar at Oxford (1913)
A member of the English department of Vanderbilt University
A leader of the Agrarian
An editor of The Fugitives
Founded and edited Kenyon Review
Placed stress on New Criticism
Contributed to the Agrarian anthology: I¡¯ll Take My Stand
5 Other famous novelists in the 1920s
(1) Gertrude Stein (1874¡ª1946) ¸ñÌسµÂ.˹̩Òò/˹̹
Born in Pennsylvania
Educated abroad
Went abroad in 1902 where she lived until her death
Her salon in France
Three Lives (1909) ¡¶Èý¸öÅ®È˵ÄÒ»Éú¡·
(2) Sherwood Anderson (1876¡ª1941) ÉáÎéµÂ.°²µÂÉ
Windy McPherson¡¯s Son (1916) ¡¶ÈÄÉàµÄÂó¿ËÑ·µÄ¶ù×Ó¡·
Winesburg, Ohio (1919) ¡¶Ð¡³Ç»ûÈË¡·
The Triumph of the Egg and Other stories (1921) ¡¶¼¦µ°µÄʤÀû¼°ÆäËü¡·
Death in the Woods and Other Stories (1933) ¡¶ÁÖÖÐÖ®ËÀ¼°ÆäËü¡·
A Story-Teller¡¯s Story (1924) ¡¶½²¹ÊÊÂÈ˵ĹÊÊ¡·
(3) Sinclair Lewis (1885¡ª1951) ÐÁ¿ËÀ³.ÁõÒ×˹
Editor & journalist
22 novels
novelist of social problems Éç»áÎÊÌâС˵¼Ò
plot: escape--seek--compromise
first American author awarded the Nobel Prize (in 1930)
Our Mr. Wrenn (1941) ¡¶ÎÒÃǵĻô¶÷ÏÈÉú¡·
Babbitt (1922) ¡¶°Í±ÈÌØ¡·
Main Street (1920) ¡¶´ó½Ö¡·
Arrowsmith (1925) ¡¶°¢ÂÞÊ·ÃÜ˹¡·
