öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

     ¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧ
µ¼ÂÛ£¬¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧµÄÊÓÒ°
1£® “¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧ”Ó듹«¹²ÐÐÕþ”
 “ÐÐÕþ”±¾ÖÊÉÏ°üº¬×Å´ÓָʾºÍ·þÎñµÄº¬Ò壻¶ø“¹ÜÀí”Ê×ÏÈÒâζ×Å»ñµÃ½á¹ûÒÔ¼°¹ÜÀíÕßΪ»ñµÃ½á¹û¸º¸öÈËÔðÈΡ£
¢Ù“¹«¹²ÐÐÕþ”ÊÇÕþ¸®ÌرðÊÇÖ´Ðлú¹ØΪ¹«¹²Ìṩ·þÎñµÄ»î¶¯£¬ÐÐÕþ¹ÙÔ±»òÐÐÕþÈËÔ±ÔÚÕâÖֻÖÐÖ÷ÒªÊÇÖ´ÐÐÓɱðÈË£¨ÕþÖμң©ËùÖƶ©µÄÕþ²ßºÍ·¨ÂÉ¡£¹Ø×¢µÄ½¹µãÊǹý³Ì£¬³ÌÐòÒÔ¼°°ì¹«ÊҵĹÜÀí£©´«Í³µÄ¹«¹²ÐÐÕþѧÒÔ¼°¹«¹²ÐÐÕþѧԺ   Ö÷ÒªÊÇÅàÑøÕþ¸®µÄÖ°ÒµÎĹٵÄѧ¿Æ»ò»ú¹¹£©¡£
¢Ú“¹«¹²¹ÜÀí”Êǹ«¹²×éÖ¯Ìṩ¹«¹²ÎïÆ·ºÍ·þÎñµÄ»î¶¯£¬ËüÖ÷Òª¹Ø×¢µÄ²»Êǹý³Ì£¬³ÌÐòºÍ×ñÕÕ±ðÈ˵Ä֪ʶ°ìÊÂÒÔÄÚ²¿È¡Ïò£¬¶ø¸ü¶àµÄÊǹØ×¢½á¹ûºÍ¶Ô½á¹ûµÄ»ñµÃ¸º¸öÈËÔðÈΡ£
2£®“¹«¹²²¿ÃÅ”Ó듹«¹²ÎïÆ·”
£¨1£©“¹«¹²²¿ÃÅ”Êǹ«¹²ÊÂÎñµÄ¹ÜÀíÕߺ͹«¹²ÎïÆ·µÄÌṩÕß¡£¹ãÒåµÄ¹«¹²²¿ÃÅ°üÀ¨Õþ¸®»ú¹¹£¬¹«ÓÃÊÂÒµ£¬¹«¹²ÊÂÒµ£¬·ÇÕþ¸®¹«¹²»ú¹¹µÈ²¿ÃÅÒÔ¼°¸÷ÖÖ²»Í¬×éÖ¯µÄ¹«¹²²ãÃ棻ÏÁÒåµÄ¹«¹²²¿ÃŽö°üÀ¨Õþ¸®»ú¹¹ÒÔ¼°ÒÀ¾ÝÕþ¸®¾ö²ß²úÉúµÄ»ú¹¹ºÍ²¿ÃÅ£¬ÊÇ×î´¿´âµÄ¹«¹²²¿ÃÅ¡£
£¨2£©Why“×¼¹«¹²²¿ÃÅ”£¨µÚÈý²¿ÃÅ£¬·ÇÓª×éÖ¯£©Ò²¹éÈ빫¹²²¿ÃÅÖУ¿ÒòÆ䓹«¹²”ÌØÐÔ£º
¢ÙÓë´¿´âµÄ¹«¹²²¿ÃÅÄ¿±êÒ»Ö£¬µÚÈý²¿ÃÅÉú²ú»ò»î¶¯µÄ»ù±¾
¢ÚÓëÕþ¸®´æÔÚÃÜÇйØϵ£¬ÆäÉú²ú£¬»î¶¯µÄÄÚÈݺͷ½Ê½ÍùÍùÓÉÕþ¸®ÊµÐпØÖÆ»ò±ØÒªµÄÐÐÕþ¹ÜÖÆ
¢ÛÓëÕþ¸®ÎªÉç»áËùÌṩµÄÎïÆ·Ò»Ö———¹«¹²ÎïÆ·»ò“×¼¹«¹²ÎïÆ·”
¢ÜͶ×ÊÖ÷Ìå»òÌṩ×ÊÔ´µÄÖ÷ÌåÒ²Ö÷ÒªÊÇÕþ¸®¡£
£¨3£©¹«¹²ÎïÆ·£ºÖ¸¾ßÓÐÏû·ÑµÄ·Ç¾ºÕùÐԺ͸øÅÅËûÐÔ£¬×ÔȻ¢¶ÏÐÔÒÔ¼°ÊÜ·ÑÀ§ÄѵÈÌØÕ÷µÄÎïÆ·£¬¾ßÓйæģЧÒæ´óµÄÌص㣬Õþ¸®ÊÇÌṩ´ÊÀàÎïÆ·µÄ×î¼Ñ·½Ê½¡£
£¨4£©¹«¹²ÎïÆ·µÄ»®·Ö
¢Ù´¿¹«¹²ÎïÆ·£º¹ú·À£¬¹«¹²°²È«£¬Íâ½»£¬·¨¹æÕþ²ß£¬»·¾³±£»¤£¬»ù´¡Ñо¿£¬¿Õ¼ä¼¼Êõ¡£
  ×¼¹«¹²ÎïÆ·£ºµÀ·£¬ÄÜÔ´£¬½»Í¨£¬Í¨Ñ¶£¬³ÇÊй«¹²·þÎñ£¬½ÌÓý£¬¹ã²¥µçÊÓ£¬Éç±£¡£
¢ÚÓÐÐεĹ«¹²ÎïÆ·£¨Ó²——£©£º¹«¹²ÉèÊ©                   
ÎÞÐεĹ«¹²ÎïÆ·£¨Èí——£©£º·¨ÂÉ¡£Õþ²ß£¬ÖƶÈ
¢ÛÈ«¹úÐԵĹ«¹²ÎïÆ·£º¹ú¼Ò»òÖÐÑëÕþ¸®ÌṩµÄ·þÎñ——¹ú·À£¬Íâ½»£¬È«¹úÐÔ·¨¹æÕþ²ß
  µØ·½ÐԵĹ«¹²ÎïÆ·£º³ÇÊлùÉ磬µØ·½ÐÔ·¨¹æ£¬Õþ²ß
3£®“¹«¹²¹ÜÀí”Óë“˽È˹ÜÀ픵ÄÒìͬ
A¡¢ÁªÏµ¡££¨1£©¶¼°üº¬Á˺Ï×÷ÍÅÌåµÄ»î¶¯¡££¨2£©¶¼±ØÐëÂÄÐÐÒ»°ãµÄ¹ÜÀíÖ°ÄÜ¡£
B¡¢²î±ð¡££¨1£©¹«¹²¹ÜÀíÓë˽È˹ÜÀíµÄʹÃü²»Í¬¡£¹«¹²¹ÜÀíÊÇΪ¹«ÖÚ·þÎñ£¬×·Ç󹫹²ÀûÒæ;˽È˹ÜÀíÒÔÓªÀûΪĿµÄ¡£
£¨2£©Óë˽È˹ÜÀíÏà±È£¬¹«¹²¹ÜÀíµÄЧÂÊÒâʶ²»Ç¿¡£
£¨3£©Óë˽È˹ÜÀíÏà±È£¬¹«¹²²¿ÃÅÓÈÆäÊÇÕþ¸®¹ÜÀí¸üÇ¿µ÷ÔðÈΡ£
£¨4£©¾ÍÈËʹÜÀí·½Ãæ¶øÑÔ£¬¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÓÈÆäÊÇÕþ¸®ÖеÄÈËʹÜÀíϵͳ±È˽ÈË×éÖ¯ÖеÄÈËʹÜÀíϵͳҪ¸´ÔÓºÍÑϸñµÃ¶à¡£
£¨5£©¹«¹²¹ÜÀíÓÐÃ÷ÏÔµÄÕþÖÎÐԺ͹«¹²ÐÔ¡£
4£®“ÖÎÀí”Óë“ÉÆÖΔ
¢ÙÖÎÀí·ºÖ¸ÈκÎÒ»ÖֻµÄЭµ÷·½Ê½£¬ÓÐ×îС¹ú¼ÒµÄÖÎÀí£¬¹«Ë¾ÖÎÀí£¬Ð¹«¹²¹ÜÀí£¬ÉÆÖΣ¬Éç»á——¿ØÖÆϵͳ¼°×Ô×éÖ¯ÍøÂçÁùÖÖÓ÷¨¡£
¢Ú90Äê´úºó£¬ÊÀ½çÒøÐÐÌá³ö“ÉÆÖΔ¿ÚºÅ£¬ºÏ·¨£¬·¨ÖΣ¬¸ºÔð£¬Í¸Ã÷£¬ÓÐЧµÄÕþ¸®³ÉΪÉÆÖεĻù±¾ÒªËØ¡£
5£®¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧ·¶Ê½µÄÐËÆð
×÷ΪÏà¶Ô¶ÀÁ¢µÄѧ¿Æ£¬¹«¹²²¿ÃŹÜÀíÓÈÆäÊÇÕþ¸®¹ÜÀíÑо¿ÐγÉΪ19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬Ñо¿·½ÏòÓÚ1887ÄêÍþ¶ûÑ·µÄ¡¶ÐÐÕþµÄÑо¿¡·Ò»ÎÄÈ·Á¢£¬Ïà¶Ô¶ÀÁ¢µÄѧÊõ¿ò¼Ü½¨Á¢ÓÚ20ÊÀ¼Í¶þÈýÊ®Äê´ú£¬ÒÔ1926Ä껳ÌØ¡¶¹«¹²ÐÐÕþѧÑо¿µ¼ÂÖ¡·¼°1927Äê³ÉÂå±È¡¶¹«¹²ÐÐÕþÔ­Àí¡·µÄ³ö°æΪ±êÖ¾¡£Èý´ÎÖØ´ó·¶Ê½±ä»»£¬´«Í³µÄ¹«¹²ÐÐÕþѧ——¹«¹²Õþ²ß·ÖÎö——¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧ¡£
6£®¹«¹²¹ÜÀí·¶Ê½µÄ³öÏÖ£ºÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶——“Õþ²ß;¾¶”£¨P-;¾¶£©£»“ÉÌҵ;¾¶”£¨B-;¾¶£©
£¨1£©¢Ù“P-;¾¶”À´×ÔÓÚ¹«¹²Õþ²ßѧԺ£¬ÒÔÕþ²ßÑо¿·½Ïò£¬ÖØÊÓ¶¨Á¿·ÖÎö·½·¨£¬ÓÈÆäÊǾ­¼Ãѧ·ÖÎöÊֶΡ£°ÑÕþ²ßÖ´ÐÐÑо¿µÄ½¹µã¼¯ÖÐÔÚÕþ¸®µÄÏîÄ¿£¬¹«¹²×éÖ¯ºÍ˽ÔÚËùÓв»ÖØÒªµÄ·½ÃæÊÇÏàͬµÄ¡£
¢Ú“B-;¾¶”Ç¿µ÷½«¹¤É̹ÜÀíºÍ¾­¼ÃѧµÄ¸ÅÄÀíÂۺͷ½·¨Ó¦ÓÃÓÚ¹«¹²²¿ÃŹÜÀíµÄÑо¿ÖУ¬²¢ÈÔ¹Ø×¢×éÖ¯½á¹¹Óë¹ý³Ì¡£
£¨2£©¹²Í¬µã£ºÒÔ×éÖ¯Íⲿ¶¨Ïò£¨¹ØÐÄÐÐÕþ»ú¹¹ÒÔÍâµÄ¶«Î÷£©£¬Ç¿µ÷ÕþÖÎÒòËØÔÚ¹ÜÀíÖеÄ×÷Óã»ÖØÊӹ淶Ñо¿²¢¹ØÐĸÄÉƹÜÀí¼¨Ð§£¬Ö÷ÕÅ´Ó¾­ÑéÖÐѧϰÓÈÆäÊÇÆ«°®°¸Àý·ÖÎö·¨¡£
£¨3£©¸÷ÓÐËù³¤£º¢ÙPÖØÐÂÈÏʶÕþ²ß·ÖÎö¶ÔÓÚ¹«¹²¹ÜÀíµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬Ñ§Ï°Êµ¼ùÕߵľ­Ñ飬ÖØÊÓÎüÈ¡¾­Ñé½Ìѵ²¢¼ÓÒÔ´«²¥£¬´Ù½øÕþÖÎÖ´ÐйÙÓë×ÊÉî¹ÜÀíÕߵĶԻ°¡£¢ÚBÇ¿µ÷µÄÑо¿ºÍÀíÂÛÈ¡Ïò£¬Ó¦ÓúÍÈںϲ»Í¬Ñ§¿ÆµÄÀíÂÛ£¬·½·¨ºÍ¼¼Êõ£¬·Ö³ÉÒ»ÖÖÒÔ¹«¹ÜÓë˽¹ÜÏà±È½ÏΪ»ù´¡µÄ×ۺϿò¼Ü£¬ÖØÊÓÕ½ÂÔ¹ÜÀí£¬¹ØÐĹý³Ì£¬Ç¿µ÷¹«£¬Ë½µÄÏàËÆÐÔ£¬ºÜÉÙÇø±ð¡£
7£®Ñ©³Ç´óѧ£¨1991Äê9ÔÂ20ºÅ——21ºÅ£©µÚÒ»´ÎÃÀ¹úµÄ¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧÊõÑÐÌÖ»áÊǹ«¹²¹ÜÀíз¶Ê½µ®ÉúµÄÏóÕ÷ÐÔ±êÖ¾¡£
8£®¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧµÄÑо¿¶ÔÏ󣺹«¹²¹ÜÀí¡£¼´ÆäÒªÑо¿×÷Ϊ¹«¹²ÊÂÎñ¹ÜÀíÖ÷ÌåµÄ¹«¹²×éÖ¯£¬ÌرðÊÇÕþ¸®×éÖ¯µÄ½á¹¹£¬¹¦Äܼ°ÆäÓë»·¾³µÄ¹Øϵ£¬Ñо¿¹«¹²¹ÜÀí»î¶¯µÄ¹ý³Ì¼°Æä»·½Ú£¨×éÖ¯£¬¾ö²ß£¬¹µÍ¨£¬Ð­µ÷£¬¼à¿Ø£¬ÆÀÂ۵ȣ©£»Ñо¿ÈçºÎÓ¦Óø÷ÖÖ¿Æѧ֪ʶ¼°·½·¨½â¾ö£¬¹«¹²ÊÂÎïµÄ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ¡£——¹«¹²¹ÜÀí»î¶¯£¬¹«¹²¹ÜÀíʵ¼ù¡£
9£®¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧµÄѧ¿ÆÌØÕ÷——Ó봫ͳ¹«¹²ÐÐÕþѧµÄÇø±ð
£¨1£©Ñо¿¶ÔÏóÓ뷶Χ¡£´«—¾ÖÏÞÓÚÕþ¸®ÐÐÕþ»ú¹ØÌرðÊǹÙÁÅ»ú¹¹µÄÑо¿
                       ¹«—À©´óµ½ÆäËûÕþ¸®»ú¹Ø£¨Á¢¡£Ë¾£©ºÍ·ÇÓªÀû×éÖ¯»òµÚÈý²¿ÃÅÉõÖÁ˽È˲¿ÃŵĹ«¹²µÄ·½Ãæ¡£
£¨2£©¹«¸ü¾ß¿çѧ¿Æ£¬×ÛºÏÐÔµÄÌصã¡£´«—½¨Á¢ÔÚÕþÖÎѧ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬¹«—²»Í¬Ñ§¿Æ¡£
£¨3£©¹«½«Ñо¿½¹µãÓÉ´«µÄ“ÄÚ²¿È¡Ïò”תΪ“ÍⲿȡÏò”£¬ÓÉÖØÊÓ»ú¹¹¹ý³ÌºÍ³ÌÐòÑо¿×ªµ½ÖØÊÓÏîÄ¿¡¢½á¹ûÓ뼨ЧÑо¿¡£
£¨4£©Éæ¼°´óÁ¿¹«¹²ÐÐÕþѧûÉæ¼°µÄÖ÷Ìâ¡£Àý£º¹«¹²ÎïÆ·£¬¹«¹²Ñ¡Ôñ£¬Õþ¸®Ê§°Ü¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
£¨5£©¹«¼ÈÊÇʵ֤µÄÓй淶µÄ£¬´«—¾ÖÏ޹淶Ñо¿¡£
10£®¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧµÄÑо¿Í¾¾¶ºÍ·½·¨
£¨1£©¾­¼Ãѧ;¾¶³ÉΪ¹«¹²¹ÜÀíѧÑо¿µÄÒ»¸öÖØҪ;¾¶£¨¹ÜÀíѧ;¾¶£¬ÕþÖÎѧ;¾¶£¬·¨Ñ§Í¾¾¶£©¡£Ëü²ÉÓþ­¼ÃѧµÄÀíÂÛ¼Ù¶¨£¬¸ÅÄî¿ò¼Ü£¬·ÖÎö·½·¨¼°¼¼ÊõÀ´¿´´ý¹«¹²¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ¡£
¢Ù¹«¹²Ñ¡ÔñÀíÂÛ£º½«“¾­¼ÃÈË”¼Ù˵£¬½»»»·¶Ê½ºÍ·½·¨ÂÛ¸öÈËÖ÷ÒåÓ¦Óõ½ÕþÖκ͹«¹²Õþ²ßÁìÓò¡£×÷ΪһÖÖ¹«¹²Õþ²ßµÄÑо¿Í¾¾¶£¬Ëü¼Ù¶¨£ºÕþÖÎÐж¯Õ߸öÈË£¨²»¹ÜÊǾö²ßÕß»òͶƱÕߣ©¶¼±»×ÔÀûµÄ¶¯»úËùÒýµ¼¶øÑ¡ÔñÒ»Ïî¶ÔÆä×îÓÐÀûµÄÐж¯·½°¸¡£
¢ÚÐÂÖƶÈÖ÷Ò壨ÐÂÖƶÈѧÅÉ£©£ºÇ¿µ÷ÖƶÈÔÚÕþÖÎÉú»îÖеľö¶¨ÐÔ×÷ÓÃ;ÖƶȵĴæÔÚÊÇÒòΪËü¿ÉÒÔ¿Ë·þÉç»á×éÖ¯ÖеÄÐÅÏ¢ÕÏ°­ºÍ¼õÉÙ½»Ò׳ɱ¾;ÔÚÉç»áÖУ¬Á½ÖÖÄÜ×îС»¯½»Ò׳ɱ¾µÄ×éÖ¯ÊÇÊг¡ºÍµÈ¼¶ÖÆ;ÖƶÈÐγÉÆ«ºÃ£¬¹æ¶¨ÐÐΪ½ÇÉ«¡¢Ô¼ÊøÐÐΪºÍÐγÉÆÚÍû¡£
£¨2£©·½·¨ÉϵÄÍ»³öÌØÕ÷ÊÇÇ¿µ÷¿çѧóÒÑо¿Í¾¾¶£¬ÌᳫÒÔÎÊÌâΪÖÐÐĵÄ֪ʶ²úÉú·½·¨¡£°üÀ¨ÏµÍ³·ÖÎö¡¢±È½Ï·ÖÎö¡¢ÊµÑé·ÖÎö¡¢°¸Àý·ÖÎö¡£
11¡¢Êг¡¾­¼Ã¹ú¼ÒµÄÕþ¸®¹ÜÀíʵ¼ù
A¡¢ÔÚÊг¡¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄ²»Í¬Ê±ÆÚ£¬Õþ¸®¸ÉÔ¤µÄ·¶Î§¡¢ÄÚÈÝ¡¢ºÍ·½Ê½ÊDz»Í¬µÄ¡£
£¨1£©20ÊÀ¼Í30Äê´úÇ°£¬Ö÷ÕÅÏÞÖƹú¼Ò»òÕþ¸®×÷Óã¬ÈÃÉÌÆ·¾­¼ÃÔÚÒ»ÖÖ×ÔÓÉ·ÅÈεÄ״̬ÏÂÔËÐУ¬¹ú¼ÒÖçÉÙ¸ÉÔ¤»ò²»¸ÉÔ¤Êг¡ÔËÐС£·îÐÐÈý¸öÔ­Ôò£ºÃ´ÓвƲúÉñ¶Ô²»¿ÉÇÖ·¸Ô­Ôò£¬ÆõÔ¼Ô­Ôò£¬×ÔÎÒ¸ºÔðÔ­Ôò¡£
£¨2£©1929£­1933Ä꣬Î÷·½×ʱ¾Ö÷Ò屬·¢¾­¼ÃΣ»ú£¬¿Í¹ÛÉÏ´Ùʹ¿­¶÷˹Ö÷ÒåÐËÆ𡣿­¶÷˹ÒÔ“ÓÐЧÐèÇó”Ϊ»ù´¡ÂÛÖ¤¹ú¼ÒÈ«¹ú¸ÉÔ¤µÄºÏÀíÐÔ£¬ËûÖ÷ÕÅ·ÅÆú×ÔÓÉ·ÅÈÎÖ÷Ò壬ʵÐжԾ­¼ÃÉú»îµÄÈ«Ãæ¸ÉÔ¤£¬ÌرðÊÇͨ¹ý²ÆÕþºÍ»õ±ÒÕþ²ßµ÷¿ØÊг¡¾­¼ÃµÄÔËÐС£
£¨3£©20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´úÎ÷·½Êг¡¾­¼Ã¹ú³öÏÖ“ÖÍÕÍ”ÏÖÏó£¬Î÷·½ÐÂ×ÔÓÉÖ÷Òå¾­¼Ãѧ˼³±ÐËÆðÖ÷ÕÅÏÞÖÆÉõÖÁÈ¡ÏûÕþ¸®¸ÉÔ¤£¬³ä·Ö·¢»ÓÊг¡¾­¼ÃµÄ×÷Óá£
B¡¢ÓÉÓÚ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹Ë®Æ½£¬ÕþÖÎÎÄ»¯¼°ÀúÊ·´«Í³µÈ·½ÃæµÄ²î±ð£¬¸÷Êг¡¾­¼Ã¹úµÄÕþ¸®¹«¹²¹ÜÀíģʽÒ಻ͬ¡£
£¨1£©Ó¢ÃÀµÄÊг¡Ö÷µ¼Ä£Ê½¡££¨2£©Å·ÖÞ»òÀ³Òðģʽ¡££¨3£©¶«ÑǵÄÕþ¸®Ö÷µ¼ÐÍģʽ¡£
12¡¢×ªÐÍÆÚÎÒ¹ú¹«¹²¹ÜÀíµÄʵ¼ù¡£
A¡¢´«Í³µÄÕþ¸®¹ÜÀíģʽµÄ±×¶Ë¨D¨D¼Æ»®¾­¼Ã£¨“ÃüÁîʽ¾­¼Ã”£©Ìõ¼þÏ¡£Ëùν´«Í³Õþ¸®¼´“È«ÄÜÐÍÕþ¸®”£º¼¯ÖÐÅäÖÃÉç»á×ÊÔ´£¬¶Ô¾­¼ÃºÍÉç»áÉú»îÈ«Ã桢΢¹Û¡¢Ö±½Ó¸ÉÔ¤¡£
£¨1£©ÕþÆó²»·Ö¡¢Õþ×ʲ»·Ö¡££¨2£©»ú¹¹Ó·Ö×£¬Ð§ÂʵÍÏ¡££¨3£©È¨Á¦¹ýÓÚ¼¯ÖС££¨4£©ÕþÖÎÃñÖ÷»¯¡¢¿Æѧ»¯¡¢ÖƶȻ¯±¡Èõ¡£
B¡¢×ªÐÍÆÚÕþ¸®¹ÜÀíÃæÁÙµÄÌôÕ½¡££¨1£©Êг¡ÌåÖÆ¡££¨2£©¹«¹²¹ÜÀíÌåÖƵĴ´Ð£¬ÐÐÕþÕþÖÎÌåÖƸĸת±äÕþ¸®Ö°ÄÜ¡£
£¨3£©¸ßËØÖÊ¡¢Á®½à·î¹«µÄ¹«ÎñÔ±¶ÓÎé¡£
C¡¢ÈëÊÀ¶ÔÎÒ¹úÕþ¸®¹ÜÀíÌá³öµÄÌôÕ½¡££¨£±£©ÈëÊÀ¶ÔÕþ¸®¹ÜÀí·½Ê½µÄ³å»÷£¬´«Í³µÄÕþ¸®¹ÜÀí·½Ê½×è°­Êг¡»¯½ø³Ì¡£
£¨£²£©Õþ¸®¹ÜÀíµÄ·¨ÖÆ»¯¨D¨D·¨ÂɹæÔòÒâʶµ­±¡£¬“ÉÏÓÐÕþ²ß£¬ÏÂÓжԲߔ£¬µØ·½ÀûÒæÖÁÉÏ¡£
£¨3£©¹«ÎñÔ±ËØÖÊÓëÄÜÁ¦£¨¹ÙÔ±µÄÊг¡¹ÛÄîÂäºó;·¨ÂÉÒâʶµ­»¯;¾ºÕùÒâʶ²»Ç¿;ѧϰÄÜÁ¦²»×㣩¡£
13¡¢ÐÐÕþ¹ú¼Ò£ºÖ¸19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©£¬20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬Ó뢶ϵĽø³ÌÏàÒ»Ö£¬ÓÈÆäÊǵڶþ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½ÒÔºó£¬ÔÚ×ʱ¾Ö÷Òå¹ú¼ÒÁ¢·¨¡¢ÐÐÕþ¡¢·¨ÈýȨ·ÖÁ¢µÄ¹ú¼ÒȨÁ¦Ö÷Ìå¹ØϵÖУ¬ÐÐÕþȨÁ¦ºÍ»î¶¯À©ÕÅ£¬¾ßÓÐÖƶ¨Í¬Òé»á¡¢Á¢·¨Ð§Á¦Ï൱µÄÐÐÕþÃüÁîºÍÖƶ¨Í¬·¨ÔºÅоöЧÁ¦Ïà½üµÄÐÐÕþ²Ã¾öȨ£¬´óÁ¿Ö±½Ó¹ÜÀíºÍ½éÈë¹ú¼ÒºÍÉç»áÊÂÎñ£¬´Ó¶øÆðµ½×î»îÔ¾ºÍ×îÇ¿ÓÐÁ¦¹ú¼Ò×÷ÓõÄÒ»ÖÖ¹ú¼ÒÏÖÏó¡£



µÚÒ»Õ¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯ÀíÂÛ
1¡¢×éÖ¯£ºÊÇÖ¸ÔÚÒ»¶¨µÄÉç»á»·¾³ÖУ¬ÈËÃÇͨµØÏ໥Ч¶øÐγɵľßÓй²Í¬ÐÄÀíÒâʶ£¬²¢ÎªÁËʵÏÖijһÌض¨Ä¿±ê¶ø°´Ò»¶¨µÄ·½Ê½ÁªºÏÆðÀ´µÄÓлúÕûÌå¡£×é֯Ŀ±êÓëÐÐΪÊÇ×éÖ¯µÄ±¾ÖÊÐÔÌØÕ÷¡£
2¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯£º¹ãÒå¨D¨D¾ÍÊÇÒÔ¹ÜÀíÉç»á¹«¹²ÊÂÎñ¡¢Ð­µ÷Éç»á¹«¹²ÀûÒæ¹ØϵΪĿµÄµÄ×éÖ¯¡£¼È°üÀ¨Õþ¸®×éÖ¯£¬Ò²°üÀ¨µÚÈý²¿ÃÅ×éÖ¯¡£ÏÁÒå¨D¨D¹ú¼Ò»ú¹Ø×éÖ¯¡£
3¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯¡¢Ë½ÈË×éÖ¯¡¢µÚÈý²¿ÃŵIJîÒ죨43Ò³£¬±í1£­1£¬Á˽â¾ÍºÃ£©¡£
4¡¢¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄÀàÐÍ¡£
£¨1£©°´²ÆÎñ£­»á¼Æ±ê×¼»®·Ö£¨ÓÐÀûÓÚ¼ÓÇ¿Éó¼ÆºÍ¶Ô¹«¹²×éÖ¯µÄ¼à¶½£©£ºÕþ¸®»ú¹¹¡¢½ÌÓý×éÖ¯¡¢½¡¿µºÍ¸£Àû×éÖ¯¡¢×Ú½Ì×éÖ¯¡¢´ÈÉÆ×éÖ¯¡¢»ù½ð»á¡£
£¨2£©°´¹«¹²È¨Á¦±ê×¼·ÖÀà¡£
A¡¢Ç¿ÖÆÐ͹«¹²×éÖ¯£ºÕþ¸®²¿ÃÅ¡£¸ù¾ÝÏÜ·¨ºÍ·¨ÂɵÄÊÚȨ¡¢ÒÀ¿¿¹«¹²È¨Á¦¶Ô¹«¹²ÊÂÎñʵÐÐÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¹ÜÀí¡£È磬ÄÉË°È˱ØÐë½ÓÊÜË°Îñ¹ÜÀí²¿ÃŵĹÜÀí¡£
B¡¢°ëÇ¿ÖÆÐ͹«¹²×éÖ¯£º¸ü¶àÒÀ¿¿Êг¡Êֶζø·ÇÐÐÕþÊֶΡ£ÆäÇ¿ÖÆÐÔÊǿɶԿ¹µÄ£¬µ±ÊÂÈ˿ɾܾø²Ã¾ö¡£È磬ÖÙ²ÃίԱ»á¨D¨DÆðËß¡£Ïû·ÑÕßȨÒæ±£ÕÏίԱ»á£¬¸÷ÖÖÐÐҵЭ»áµÈ¡£
C¡¢·ÇÇ¿ÖÆÐÔ¹«¹²×éÖ¯£º·ÇÇ¿ÖÆÐÔÓë·þÎñÐÔ¡£È磬¸÷ÖÖԺУ¡¢ÉçÇøѧУ¡¢Ñо¿Ëù¡¢»ù½ð»á¡¢Ò½ÁƱ£½¡»ú¹¹¡¢ÎÄ»¯ºÍ¿Æѧ¼¼ÊõÍÅÌå¡¢¸÷ÖÖ×Éѯ·þÎñ»ú¹¹¡£
£¨3£©°´È¨ÍþÓëµÈ¼¶½á¹¹±ê×¼·ÖÀà¡£
A¡¢¹ÅµäÄ£ÐÍ£º½¨Á¢ÔÚÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀíµÈ¹Åµä×éÖ¯ÀíÂ۵Ļù´¡ÉÏ£¬Ð§ÂÊÊÇ×é֯׷ÇóµÄÊ×Òª¼ÛÖµ¡£öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ»¯ÓëЭ×÷ÊÇ×éÖ¯µÄ»ù±¾ÒªËØ¡£
Ìص㣺¢Ù×éÖ¯¾ßÓÐËĸö»ù´¡£ºÄ¿±ê¡¢¹ý³Ì¡¢¹Ë¿Í¡¢ÁìÓò¡£
¢Ú¶ÔÓÚÿ¸ö×éÖ¯¶øÑÔ£¬ÉÏÊö»ù´¡ÖбØÐëÓÐÒ»¸ö±»¸³ÓèÓÅÏȵØλ¡£
¢ÛÐÐÕþ²¿ÃÅÔÚ×î¸ß²ã´ÎÉÏ°´Ö÷ҪĿ±ê×齨£¬Ã¿¸ö²¿ÃÅ°üº¬Ò»ÇÐÓÐÖúÓÚʵÏÖ×é֯Ŀ±êµÄ»î¶¯¡£
¢ÜÈκÎÉϼ¶¹«ÄÜÓÐЧ¼à¶½ÊýÁ¿ÓÐÏÞµÄÖ±½ÓÏÂÊô£¬´æÔÚ“¿ØÖÆ·¶Î§”¡£
¢ÝÐÐÕþȨÍþºÍÔðÈÎÊÚÓèµ¥Ò»ÐÐÕþÈËÔ±¶ø·Ç¶­Ê»á»òίԱ»áÕâÑùµÄ¶à³ÉÔ±»ú¹¹¡£
¢Þ´¹Ö±Áìµ¼»î¶¯Óë²Îı»î¶¯±»Ñϸñ¼ÓÒÔÇø·Ö¡£
B¡¢¹ÙÁÅÄ£ÐÍ£ºÆä»ù´¡ÊÇÂí¿Ë˹.Τ²®´´Á¢µÄ¹ÙÁÅÀíÂÛ¡£ÀíÐÔ¨D¨DºÏ·¨È¨Íþ¡£ÈÏΪ×éÖ¯¿¿·ÇÈ˸ñ»¯µÄ¹æÔòÀ´¹ÜÀí£¬ÀíÐÔÒâζ×ÅЧÂÊ¡£
Ìص㣺¢Ù»ùÓÚÖ°ÄÜöλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ»¯µÄÀͶ¯·Ö¹¤¡£
¢ÚÓÐÃ÷È·µÄְȨµÈ¼¶ÖÆ¡£
¢ÛÓÐÓëÈÎÖ°ÕߺÍÖ°ÔðÏà¹ØµÄ¹æÕÂÖƶÈ¡£
¢ÜÓд¦Àí¹¤×÷µÄ³ÌÐòϵͳ¡£