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¡¡¡¡The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus.While the one protects the individual from violence,the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state.In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders.War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states;it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment,allegiance,and supreme sacrifice.Times of war test a community¡¯s deepest religious and ethical commitments.
¡¡¡¡Q£ºThe work¡°allegiance¡±(Line 5, Para.3) is closest in meaning to.
¡¡¡¡A) loyaltyB) objectivC) survivalD) motive
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¡¡¡¡Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery.Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (³ÁµíÎï) core, they have obtained measurements lots of magneticª²field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years.The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, wellª²defined rhythm.Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longª²term decline preceding each polarity reversal.When the poles flip¡ªa process that takes several hundred thousand years¡ªthe magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
¡¡¡¡Q£º The word ¡°flip¡± (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means ¡°¡±.
¡¡¡¡A) declineB. intensifyC. fluctuateD. reverse
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¡¡¡¡We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries.We can no longer afford to be tunnelª²visioned in our approach.We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions.We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.
Q£º The word ¡°tunnelª²visioned¡± (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means ¡°¡±.
A) narrowª²mindedB) blind to the facts
C) shortª²sightedD) able to see only one aspect
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The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail.Surprisingly,he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident.When the official got it right,they were,on average,17 meters away from the action.
¡¡¡¡Q£ºThe word¡°officials¡±(Line 4,Para 4)most probably refers to .
¡¡¡¡A)the researchers involved in the experiment
¡¡¡¡B)the inspectors of the football tournament
¡¡¡¡C)the referees of the football tournament
¡¡¡¡D)the observers at the site of the experiment
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¡¡¡¡You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances.The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us.Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties.Disagreements,conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human.Similarly, money,growing old,sickness,deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings.But some people are able to make it,to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences,while others collapse or have an N.B.D.Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don¡¯t measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know;also,the most rare.
¡¡¡¡Q£ºIn the last paragraph,the author tells us that.
¡¡¡¡A)difficulties are but part of everyone¡¯s life
¡¡¡¡B)depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
¡¡¡¡C)everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
¡¡¡¡D)good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
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¡¡¡¡I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years.I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time,and she remembers that when she first joined the community,there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus.Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.
¡¡¡¡Q£ºIt can be inferred form the Passage that
¡¡¡¡A)meritocracy can never be realized without diversity
¡¡¡¡B)American political circles will not accept diversity
¡¡¡¡C)it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media
¡¡¡¡D)minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
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¡¡¡¡These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference.If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers.Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community¡¯s population size and its social heterogeneity(¶àÑùÐÔ).For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc.Largeª²city urbanites are also more likely than their smallª²town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan £¨¼û¶àʶ¹ãÕßµÄ) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional  religious  groups,  unpopular  political  groups,  and  soª²called  undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
¡¡¡¡Q£ºIt can be inferred from the Passage that the bigger a community is,.
  ¡¡¡¡A) the better its quality of life
  ¡¡¡¡B) the more similar its interests
  ¡¡¡¡C) the more tolerant and openª²minded it is
  ¡¡¡¡D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
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