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Overview of the Banking Industry in China

I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China

1.Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.

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(1)Õû¸öµÚÒ»¶ÎÊÇÓÉ"Á¬´Êalthough¡­¡­"Òýµ¼µÄÖ÷´Ó¸´ºÏ¾ä£¨Èò½×´Óï´Ó¾ä£©£¬ÒâΪ"ËäÈ»£»×Ýʹ£»¾¡¹Ü¡­¡­µ«¡­¡­"¡£

through½é´Ê£¬ºóÃæ¸úÁ˼¸¸ö²¢ÁеÄ"¶¯Ãû´Ê¶ÌÓï"£¬ÓÐmobilizing¡­,allocating¡­,transmitting¡­,providing¡­,transforming¡­¡£

(2)the banking industry in China

banking£ºÒøÐÐÒµ

Àý£ºthe banking industry in China£ºÖйúÒøÐÐÒµ

the banking sector£ºÒøÐÐÒµ

a banking crisis£ºÒøÐÐҵΣ»ú

banking hours£ºÒøÐÐӪҵʱ¼ä

industry£º¢Ù²úÒµ

Àý£ºprimary industryµÚÒ»²úÒµ£»³õ¼¶²úÒµ£¨´Óʳõ¼¶Ô­²ÄÁÏ£¬Èçú̿¡¢Ä¾²Ä¡¢Å©²úÆ·µÈÉú²úµÄ²úÒµ£©

secondary industryµÚ¶þ²úÒµ£»´Î¼¶²úÒµ£¨´ÓÊÂÀûÓóõ¼¶Ô­²ÄÁÏÉú²ú¼Ó¹¤ÖƳÉÆ·µÄ²úÒµ£©

tertiary(service) industryµÚÈý²úÒµ£»·þÎñÐÐÒµ£¨²»Éú²úÔ­²ÄÁÏ£¬Ò²²»Éú²ú¼Ó¹¤ÖƳÉÆ·£¬¶ø½öÌṩ·þÎñµÄ²úÒµ£¬ÀýÈçÒøÐÐÒµ¡¢ÁãÊÛÒµ¡¢»á¼Æ¹¤×÷µÈ£©

¢ÚÐÐÒµ

Àý£ºadvertising industry£º¹ã¸æÒµ

the insurance industry£º±£ÏÕÒµ

¢Ûsector£º²¿ÃÅ£»²¿·Ö

Àý£ºAll sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.

ËùÓо­¼Ã²¿ÃŶ¼Êܵ½»ãÂÊÉÏÉýµÄÓ°Ïì¡£

public sector£ºÕþ¸®²¿ÃÅ£»¹«Óª²¿ÃÅ

private sector£ºË½Óª²¿ÃÅ

£¨¹ÉƱÊг¡µÄ£©ÐÐÒµ£»°´ÐÐÒµ£¨ÈçÒøÐÐÒµ£©·ÖÀàÉÏÊйÉƱ

(3)share common features£º¾ßÓй²Í¬ÌØÕ÷

share: have a share:(share in sth)£º¹²ÓУ»·ÖÏí£»·Öµ£

Àý£ºto share losses(expenses)£º·Öµ£Ëðʧ£¨·ÑÓã©

to share the blame(responsibility)£º·Öµ£¹ýʧ£¨ÔðÈΣ©

to share in profits£º·ÖÏíÀûÒæ

(4)profit-seeking business£ºÒÔÓ¯ÀûΪĿµÄµÄÆóÒµ

business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc£ºÉ̵ꣻ¹¤ÉÌÆóÒµµÈ

(5)economy: ¢Ù(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value£º½ÚÔ¼£»½Ú¼ó

Àý£ºto introduce economies(economy measures) into the system£ºÊµÐнÚÔ¼´ëÊ©

economies of scale£º¹æÄ£¾­¼Ã£¨Í¨¹ýÔö¼Ó²úÁ¿À´½µµÍ³É±¾£¬Ìá¸ßÀûÈó£©

¢Úsystem for the management and use of resources£º¾­¼Ã£¨Öƶȣ©£¬Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄ¾­¼Ã×´¿ö£¨Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄ²ÆÕþ½ðÈÚ×´¿ö£¬Ò»¸ö¹ú¼Ò׬Ǯ¡¢ÓÃÇ®µÄ·½Ê½£©

Àý£ºcontrolled economy£ºÊÜÕþ¸®¿ØÖƵľ­¼Ã

free market economy£º×ÔÓÉÊг¡¾­¼Ã£¨Õþ¸®¶Ô¾­¼Ã²»½øÐÐÈκÎÐÎʽµÄ¸ÉÔ¤µÄ¾­¼ÃÖƶȣ©

global economy£ºÈ«Çò¾­¼Ã

mixed economy£º»ìºÏ¾­¼Ã£¨¼ÈÓйúÓй¤ÒµÒ²ÓÐ˽ÈËÆóÒµµÄ¾­¼ÃÖƶȣ©

planned economy£º¼Æ»®¾­¼Ã£¨Õþ¸®¶ÔËùÓо­¼Ã»î¶¯½øÐмƻ®µÄ¾­¼ÃÖƶȣ©

(6)to mobilize savings£º¶¯Ô±´¢Ðî

mobilize: v.collect together for service or use£º¶¯Ô±£¨ÓÈָսʤµÐÈ˵Ķ¯Ô±£©

Àý£ºto mobilize capital

Ľ¼¯×ʽðÒÔÖ§³ÖijÊÂ

to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid

ÇóµÃ¹É¶«µÈµÄÖ§³ÖÒÔ×èÖ¹¹«Ë¾±»ÊÕ¹º

(7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investmentΪÉú²úÐÔÆóҵͶ×ʵ÷Åä×ʽð

allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose£º°´¼Æ»®·ÖÅ䣻Åä¸ø

Àý£ºto allocate shares£º·ÖÅä¹É·Ý(½«¿É¹©¹ÉƱÊýÄ¿ÔÚ´óÅúÉêÇ빺¹ÉÈËÖ®¼ä½øÐзÖÅä)

to allocate capital funds£º·ÖÅä×ʽ𣻵÷Åä×ʽð

We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.ÎÒÃÇ°Ñ10%µÄÄêÊÕÈëÓÃÓÚ¹ã¸æ¡£

(8)finance: vt.provide money for (a scheme,etc)£ºv£®Ìṩ×ʽð

Àý£ºto finance an operation£ºÎªÒ»ÏîÄ¿Ìṩ×ʽð

(9)capital funds£º×ʱ¾½ð£»×ʽð

Àý£ºcapital assets£º×ʱ¾×ʲú£¨¹«Ë¾ÓµÓв¢Ê¹Óõķ¿µØ²ú»ò»úÆ÷µÈ£©

capital goods£º×ʱ¾Æ·£¬Éú²úöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØ£¨ÓÃÓÚÖÆÔìÆäËû²úÆ·µÄÉÌÆ·£¬Èç»úÆ÷É豸µÈ£©

capital profit£º×ʱ¾Ó¯Ó࣬×ʱ¾ÀûÈó£¨×ʲú±äÂôËùµÃÀûÈó£©

(10)monetary policy£º»õ±ÒÕþ²ß

monetary: a.of money or a currency£º»õ±ÒµÄ£»Í¨»õµÄ

Àý£ºmonetary control£º»õ±Ò¿ØÖÆ£¨¿ØÖÆ»õ±Ò¹©Ó¦Á¿£©

the government¡®s monetary policyÕþ¸®µÄ»õ±ÒÕþ²ß£¨Óë½ðÈÚÓйصÄÕþ¸®Õþ²ß£¬Èç»õ±Ò¹©Ó¦Á¿¡¢ÒøÐÐÀûÂÊ¡¢Õþ¸®Ö§³öÓë½è¿î£©

monetary standard£º»õ±Ò±¾Î»£¨Îª»õ±Ò¹Ì¶¨±È¼Û£¬Èç°Ñ»õ±ÒµÄ¼Ûֵͬһ¶¨Á¿»Æ½ð¹Ò¹³¡¢³Æ½ð±¾Î»ÖÆ£©

manetary targets£º»õ±ÒÄ¿±ê£¨Õþ¸®ÔÚÖƶ¨µÚ¶þÄêÔ¤ËãʱËùÈ·¶¨µÄһЩÊý×Ö£¬Èç»õ±Ò¹©Ó¦Á¿¡¢¹«¹²²¿ÃŽè¿îÐèÇóµÈ£©

monetary unit£º»õ±Òµ¥Î»£¨Ò»¹úµÄ»ò¹ú¼Ò¼¯ÍÅÄڵıê×¼»õ±Ò£¬ÈçÈËÃñ±ÒµÄÔª¡¢Ó¢°÷¡¢ÃÀÔª¡¢·¨ÀÉ¡¢·ÇÖÞ½ðÈÚ¹²Í¬Ìå·¨ÀÉ¡¢Å·¹²Ìå»õ±Òµ¥Î»µÈ£©

the international monetary system£º¹ú¼Ê»õ±ÒÌåϵ£¨¹úÓë¹úÖ®¼ä¿ØÖÆ»õ±ÒºÍ¶Ò»»»õ±ÒµÄ·½Ê½£©

the International Monetary Fund(IMF)£º¹ú¼Ê»õ±Ò»ù½ð×éÖ¯

(11)to transform risksת»¯·çÏÕ£»×ªÒÆ·çÏÕ

risk: n.(instance of) possibility or chance of meeting danger,suffering loss,injury,etc£º·çÏÕ£¨¿ÉÄܵÄË𺦻òΣº¦£©£»Î£ÏÕ

Àý£ºto run a risk£ºÃ°·çÏÕ£¨ºÜ¿ÉÄÜÔâÊÜË𺦣©

to take a risk£º³Ðµ£·çÏÕ£¨×ö¿ÉÄÜʹ×Ô¼ºËðʧǮ²Æ»òÔâÊÜÉ˺¦µÄÊ£©

1.First, banks serve as a principal repository of liquid funds for the public.

µÚÒ»£¬ÒøÐÐÊÇÉç»áÁ÷¶¯×ʽðµÄ¼¯É¢µØ¡£

(1)serve: v.be satisfactory for a need or purpose£ºÀûÓÚ£¬ºÏÊÊ£»¿É×÷¡­¡­Óã¨Óëas»òforÁ¬Óã©

Àý£ºA worm will serve as bait.Ó¼¿É×÷¶üÓá£

This room will serve for the office.Õâ¸ö·¿¼ä¿É×÷°ì¹«ÊÒÓá£

(2)the public:members of the community in general£º¹«ÖÚ£»ÃñÖÚ£¨´Ë´¦ÒýÉìΪ"Õû¸öÉç»á"£©

(3)principal repository£ºÖ÷Òª¼¯É¢µØ£»ÊàŦ

principal: a.highest in order of importance£º×îÖØÒªµÄ

repository:place where things are or may be stored£ºn£®²Ö¿â£¬´¢²ØËù£¨´Ë´¦ÒýÉìΪ"¼¯É¢µØ£¬¼¯É¢ÖÐÐÄ"£©

(4)liquid funds£ºÁ÷¶¯×ʽð

liquid: a.easily sold or changed into cash£ºÒ×±äÏֵģ¬º¬ÓдóÁ¿ÏÖ½ðµÄ£¬Á÷¶¯µÄ

Àý£ºliquid assets£ºÁ÷¶¯×ʲú£¨Ö¸ÏÖ½ð»òÒ×±äÏÖƱ¾Ý£©

to go liquid£º½«£¨¾¡¿ÉÄܶàµÄ£©×ʲúת»»³ÉÏÖ½ð

liquid market£ºÁ÷¶¯Êг¡£¬½»Ò×ÍúÊ¢µÄÊг¡£¨Ä³ÖÖ֤ȯµÄÊг¡£¬Õâ¸öÊг¡ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ¹ÉƱ¿É¹©³öÊÛ¶ø²»Å¤Çú¼Û¸ñ¡£Æä·´Òå´ÊÊÇthin market£º½»Ò×Çåµ­µÄÊг¡£©

2.The safety and availability of such funds for transactions and other purposes are essential to the stability and efficiency of the financial system.

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(1)be essential to£º¶Ô¡­¡­ÖÁ¹ØÖØÒª

essential: a.necessary;indispensable;most important

(2)stability: n.quality of being stable:Îȶ¨ÐÔ£»°²¶¨

(3)efficiency: n.state or quality of being efficient:ЧÁ¦£»Ð§ÂÊ

efficient: a.producing a desired or satisfactory result:ÓÐЧÁ¦µÄ£»ÓÐЧÂʵÄ

(4)the financial system£º½ðÈÚÌåϵ

¢Ùfinancial: a.of finance£º½ðÈڵģ»²ÆÎñµÄ

Àý£ºfinancial institutions£º½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹£¨´ÓÊÂ֤ȯͶ×ÊÒµÎñµÄ»ú¹¹£¬±ÈÈçÒøÐÐͬҵЭ»á¡¢ÑøÀÏ»ù½ð»ò±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾£©

financial intermediary£º½ðÈÚÖн飨´ÓÊÂÎüÊÕ´æ¿î¡¢·¢·Å´û¿îÒµÎñµÄ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹£¬°üÀ¨ÒøÐС¢×âÁÞ¹«Ë¾¼°¸÷ÖÖÀàÐ͵ĽðÈÚ»ú¹¹£©

financial instrument£º½ðÈÚ¹¤¾ß£¨ÔÚ¹ÉƱÊг¡»òÆäËû½ðÈÚÊг¡½øÐеÄÈκÎÐÎʽµÄͶ×Ê£¬È繺Âò¹ÉƱ¡¢Õþ¸®Õ®È¯¡¢´ó¶î´æµ¥¡¢»ãƱµÈ£©

¢Úsystem:group of things or parts working together in a regular relation£ºÏµÍ³£¬ÌåÖÆ£»ÖƶÈ

Àý£ºa payment system£ºÖ§¸¶Ìåϵ£¬Ö§¸¶ÏµÍ³

the whole financial system£ºÕû¸ö½ðÈÚϵͳ

banking system£ºÒøÐÐÌåϵ

information system£ºÐÅϢϵͳ

monetary(money) system£º»õ±ÒÖƶÈ

Paragraph 3

3.Second, by channeling savings to productive investments, banks play a key role in facilitating efficient allocation of scarce financial resources.

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(1)channel¡­¡­(to): v.cause to go through a channel:ʹ¾­¹ýijÖÖ·ÏßÇ°½ø£»Òýµ¼

channel: n.any way by which news,ideas,etc may travel:£¨ÏûÏ¢£¬Òâ¼ûµÈ´«²¥µÄ£©Í¾¾¶£»Â·Ïߣ»·½·¨

(2)savings: n.money saved up:£¨¸´£©´¢½ð£»´¢Ðî

Àý£ºkeep one¡®s savings in a bank:°Ñ´¢ÐîµÄÇ®´æÔÚÒøÐÐ

savings account:´¢ÐîÕË»§

(3)productive investments:Éú²úÐÔͶ×Ê£¨ÁìÓò£©

(4)to play a unique role (in)£º·¢»Ó×ÅÌØÊâ×÷ÓÃ

to play a key role (in)£ºÆð׏ؼü×÷ÓÃ

(5)to facilitate efficient allocation of£ºÓÐЧÅäÖá­¡­

facilitate: vt.make easy;lessen the difficulty of£ºÊ¹ÈÝÒ×£»Ê¹±ãÀû

(6)scarce financial resources£ºÓÐÏ޵ģ¨Ï¡È±µÄ£©½ðÈÚ×ÊÔ´

scarce: a.not available in sufficient quantity; not equal to the demand£ºÈ±·¦µÄ£»Ï¡º±µÄ