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¡¡¡¡In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons£º to extend the family line or the family name£¬ to propitiate the ancestors£» to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern£¬ secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

¡¡¡¡In addition£¬ one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category£¬ namely£¬ having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage£º to hold the husband or occupy the wife£» to repair or rejuvenate the marriage£» to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse£º in some societies the failure to bear children £¨or males£© is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

¡¡¡¡Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people£¬ husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need children to enrich the circle£¬ to validate its family character£¬ to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family£¬ but the family seems also to need children£¬ as the social institution uniquely available£¬ at least in principle£¬ for security£¬ comfort£¬ assurance£¬ and direction in a changing£¬ often hostile£¬ world. To most people£¬ such a home base£¬ in the literal sense£¬ needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.

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