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1£®ÎÄÕÂÖ÷Ìâ·ÖÎö£ºThe First Settlement in North America
¡¡¡¡It is very difficult to say just when colonization £¨Ö³ÃñµØ£©began£®The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus¡¯s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement (¾ÓÃñµã)on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south£¬
¡¡¡¡Rather: adv.Äþ¿É, ¸üÔ¸ÒâµØ, ¸üÈ·Çеأ»¸ü¾«È·µØ, Ï൱µØ
¡¡¡¡I'd rather go to the movies.ÎÒÄþԸȥ¿´µçÓ°
¡¡¡¡He's my friend, or rather he was my friend.
¡¡¡¡ËûÊÇÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ£¬²»¹ý¸üÈ·ÇеØ˵£¬ËûÔø¾­ÊÇÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ
¡¡¡¡rather cold.Ï൱º®Àä

2. Ö±½Ó½âÌ⣺À´Ô´£º¿¼ÊÔ´ó

1£®We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century£®
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¡¡¡¡B£®·ÖÎö£ºÎÄÕµÚÒ»¾äµÄº¬Ò壨ºÜÄÑ˵³öÖ³ÃñÔ˶¯¿ªÊ¼ÓÚʲôʱºò£©ÕýºÃÓë¸Ã¾äµÄ¾äÒâì¶Ü¡£ËùÒÔ´ð°¸ÎªB¡£
¡¡¡¡for sure adv.ȷʵÀ´Ô´£º¿¼ÊÔ´ó

2£®Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders£®
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¡¡¡¡A£®·ÖÎö£ºÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄϸ½ÚÐÅÏ¢½Ï¶à£¬Òò´Ë¿¼ÂÇ°ÑÌâ¸ÉÖеÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐл®·Ö£º»®·Ö³É2²ã£º the early settlers in South America in the 16th century +  were Spanish traders £¨= Spanish traders are among the early settlers£©£¬²¢ÀûÓÃÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄÌØÕ÷ÐÅÏ¢£º in the 16th century×÷Ϊ´ð°¸ÏßË÷£¬ÕâÑù·¢ÏÖ´ð°¸Ïà¹Ø¾ä£ºÀ´Ô´£º¿¼ÊÔ´ó
¡¡¡¡It is very difficult to say just when colonization began£®The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus¡¯s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south£¨´Ó¸Ã½á¹¹ÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÒÔÍƳöÌâ¸ÉÖеĵÚ1²ãºÍµÚ2²ãÐÅÏ¢£©£¬a great interest in gold and adventure£¬and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part£®

3£®  With John Cabot¡¯s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America£®
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¡¡¡¡B£®·ÖÎö£ºÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄϸ½ÚÐÅÏ¢½Ï¶à£¬Òò´Ë¿¼ÂÇ°ÑÌâ¸ÉÖеÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐл®·Ö£º»®·Ö³É2²ã£ºWith John Cabot¡¯s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497 + the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America, ²¢ÀûÓÃÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄÌØÕ÷½á¹¹£ºin 1497£¬ an island off the New England coast ,the British CrownºÍ John Cabot×÷Ϊ´ð°¸ÏßË÷£¬ÕâÑù·¢ÏÖ´ð°¸Ïà¹Ø¾ä£º
¡¡¡¡John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice£¬was established as a trader in Bristol£¬England, when he made a journey in 1497£®But his ship, the Matthew£¬with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast)and return home£®(¸Ã»®Ï߽ṹÓëÌâ¸ÉÖÐÐÅÏ¢1ì¶Ü£¬Òò´ËÅжϸÃÎÊÌâ¾äµÄ˵·¨´íÎó¡£)

4£®There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497£®
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¡¡¡¡B£®·ÖÎö£ºÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄϸ½ÚÐÅÏ¢½Ï¶à£¬Òò´Ë¿¼ÂÇ°ÑÌâ¸ÉÖеÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐл®·Ö£º»®·Ö³É2²ã£ºThere were eighteen people on board the Matthew +  during its voyage to North America in 1497, ²¢ÀûÓÃÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄÌØÕ÷ÐÅÏ¢£ºeighteen people, he MatthewºÍ in 1497¡¡×÷Ϊ´ð°¸ÏßË÷£¬ÕâÑù·¢ÏÖ´ð°¸Ïà¹Ø¾ä£º
¡¡¡¡John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice£¬was established as a trader in Bristol£¬England, when he made a journey in 1497(¸ù¾Ý¸Ã½á¹¹²»ÄÜÅжÏÐÅÏ¢2ÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·)£®But his ship, the Matthew£¬with its crew of eighteen£¨¸Ã½á¹¹½ÒʾµÄº¬ÒåÊÇ¡°ÓÐ18ÃûË®ÊÖ¡±ÓëÐÅÏ¢1ÖÐÌáµ½µÄ¡°´¬ÉÏÓÐ18ÈË¡±²»Ò»Ö£¬ÒòΪ¿Ï¶¨John Cabot±¾ÈËÒ²ÔÚ´¬ÉÏ£©, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast)and return home£®He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic ...

5£®The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s£®
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¡¡¡¡A£®·ÖÎö£ºÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄϸ½ÚÐÅÏ¢½Ï¶à£¬Òò´Ë¿¼ÂÇ°ÑÌâ¸ÉÖеÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐл®·Ö£º»®·Ö³É2²ã£ºThe first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America + £¨The first attempt£©occurred in the 1580s£¬²¢ÀûÓÃÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄÌØÕ÷ÐÅÏ¢£º1580s ºÍEuropean people ×÷Ϊ´ð°¸ÏßË÷£¬²¢×¢ÒâÌâ¸ÉÖеÄÐÞÊδÊfirst ºÍpermanently£¬ÕâÑù·¢ÏÖ´ð°¸Ïà¹Ø¾ä£º
¡¡¡¡The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus¡¯s first voyage£¨Christopher Columbus¡¯s journey of discovery in 1492£©£¨¸Ã¾äÄÚÈÝ»ù±¾ÉÏÓëÐÅÏ¢1ºÍÐÅÏ¢2µÄÄÚÈÝÒ»Ö£¬µ«ÐÅÏ¢1ÖÐÌáµ½µÄ¡°Å·ÖÞÈËÊÔͼ¶¨¾ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ³¢ÊÔ¡±ÔڸþäÖÐÕÒ²»µ½Ïà¹ØÄÚÈÝ£©£®The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England£¬calling it Virginia£®In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island£¬but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake£¬in 1587£®£¨ÕâЩ»®Ï߾䷴ӳµÄÄÚÈݶ¼ÊÇÓ¢¹úÈË£¨Å·ÖÞÈË£©£¨£¨¾ôÊ¿£© Walter Raleigh£©´øÁìϵĵǽ¶¨¾Ó³¢ÊÔ¡££©Òò´Ë£¬¿É¼ûÌâ¸ÉÖÐËù·´Ó³µÄÄÚÈÝÔÚÎÄÕÂÖж¼ÓкôÓ¦£¬Òò´ËÅжϸÃÌâµÄ´ð°¸ÊÇÕýÈ·¡£

6£®The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh£®    £®
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¡¡¡¡A£®·ÖÎö£º¸Ã¾äÄÚÈݽϵ¥Ò»£¬Òò´ËÖ±½Ó¿´³É1²ãÐÅÏ¢¡£ÀûÓÃÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄÌØÕ÷´ÊVirginiaºÍSir Walter Raleigh×÷Ϊ´ð°¸ÏßË÷£¬ÕâÑùÕÒµ½´ð°¸Ïà¹Ø¾ä£º
¡¡¡¡A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590£®À´Ô´£º¿¼ÊÔ´ó
¡¡¡¡The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies£¬a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol..
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¡¡¡¡£¨µÚ2¶Î£©The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England£¬calling it Virginia¸Ã¾ä¾äÒâÓëÌâ¸ÉÄÚÈÝÍêÈ«Ò»Ö£¬Òò´ËÅжϸÃÌâµÄ˵·¨ÕýÈ·¡£

7£®The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies£®
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¡¡¡¡C£®·ÖÎö£ºÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄϸ½ÚÐÅÏ¢½Ï¶à£¬Òò´Ë¿¼ÂÇ°ÑÌâ¸ÉÖеÄÐÅÏ¢½øÐл®·Ö£º»®·Ö³É2²ã£ºThe name New England was given to the northern area of North America + £¨given£©by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies£¬ÀûÓÃÌâ¸ÉÖгöÏÖµÄÌØÕ÷´ÊNew EnglandºÍ two Virginia companies×÷Ϊ´ð°¸ÏßË÷£¬ÕâÑù·¢ÏÖ´ð°¸Ïà¹Ø¾ä£º
¡¡¡¡English capitalists founded two Virginia companies£¬a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol£®It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area£®(¸ù¾Ý¸Ã¾ä¾äÒâ²»ÄÜÅжϳöÐÅÏ¢2ÖÐÌáµ½µÄ¡°ÓÉÁ½¼Òά¼ªÄáÑǹ«Ë¾ÖеÄÃüÃû¡±ÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·¡£)£¬Òò´ËÅжϸÃÎÊÌâ¾äµÄ˵·¨Îª¡°Ã»Ìáµ½¡±¡£
¡¡¡¡The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves¡¯to the company£®..