öλÔÓéÀֵǼÈë¿ÚÏÂÔØ

ÂúʤÀÏʦµãÆÀ

ÒëÎÄ1£º´óÎÀ·¸ñÀ¼¶à̸µ½µÄÕâЩ¸Ä±ä£¬¶Ô½ÌѧµÄÄ¿±êÊÇÆäËû¹ú¼ÒµÄÈËÓ¢¹úÓïÑÔ½ÌѧµÄÌṩ»ú¹¹¼°¸öÈË£¬ÒÔ¼°ÉÌÒµ½ÌÓýÍØÕ¹²¿ÃÅÀ´Ëµ£¬¶¼¸ø³öÁËÃ÷È·ÇåÎú¡¢Ö÷ÒªµÄÌôÕ½¡£

ÏÔÈ»£¬Õâ¸öÒëÎĶÔchallengesºóÃæµÄ²¢ÁйØϵÅжÏÕýÈ·£¬Îª´Ë¸Ã³ÆÔÞ£¡µ«Òź¶µÄÊÇ£¬ÒëÕßûÄܺܺõؼÝÔ¦Á½¸ö²¢ÁжÌÓïµÄººÓï±í´ï£¬²»ÊǵصÀµÄ¡¢Á÷³©µÄººÓ´Ó¶øµ¼Ö¸ÃÒëÎIJ»¿É¶Á¡£

ÒëÎÄ2£º´óÎÀ·¸ñÀ¼¶àÖ¸³öµÄÕâЩ±ä»¯¸øÓ¢¹úµÄÓ¢Óï½Ìѧ¹¤×÷ÕßÌá³öÁËÃ÷È·µÄºÍ¾Þ´óµÄÌôÕ½£¬ÕâЩӢÓï½Ìѧ¹¤×÷ÊÇÃæÏòÆäËû¹ú¼ÒµÄÈ˺͸üΪ¹ã·ºµÄÉÌÒµ½ÌÓý»ú¹¹µÄ¡£

ÏÔÈ»£¬¸ÃÒëÎÄÎóÅÐÁËchallengesºóÃæµÄ²¢ÁйØϵ¡£ÁíÍ⣬°ÑprovidersÒë³É“¹¤×÷Õß”¶ø²»ÊÇ“»ú¹¹”£¬Ç·Íס£

ÒëÎÄ3£º´óÎÀ·¸ðÀ­¶û¶àËù·¢Ïֵı仯¸ø½ÌÊÚËû¹úÈËÊ¿Ó¢ÓïµÄÓ¢¹ú»ú¹¹ÒÔ¼°¸ü¹ãÀ«µÄ½ÌÓýÊг¡´øÀ´ÁËÏÔ¶øÒ×¼ûµÄ¾Þ´óÌôÕ½¡£

ÏÔÈ»£¬Õâ¸öÒëÎĶÔchallengesºóÃæµÄ²¢ÁйØϵÅжÏÕýÈ·£¬Îª´Ë¸Ã³ÆÔÞ£¡¸ÃÒëÎÄÕûÌåµÄ´ë´Ç±í´ï¶¼±È½ÏºÃ¡£Ö»ÊÇ“¸ü¹ãÀ«µÄ½ÌÓýÊг¡”ÓëÔ­ÎÄÒâ˼Óеã³öÈë¡£

ÒëÎÄ4£ºÓ¢ÓïµÄһЩ»ú¹¹¸ºÔðÏòÆäËû¹ú¼ÒµÄÈËÃñºÍ¹ã·ºµÄ½ÌÓýÐÐÒµÌṩÓïÑÔ·þÎñ£¬´óÎÀ·¸ñÀ¼¶àÖ¸³öµÄÕâЩ±ä»¯¶¼¸øÕâЩ»ú¹¹´øÀ´ÁËÃ÷È·¶øÖØ´óµÄÌôÕ½¡£

ÏÔÈ»£¬¸ÃÒëÎÄÎóÅÐÁËchallengesºó±ßµÄ²¢ÁйØϵ¡£

ÒëÎÄ5£º´óÎÀ·¼Ò¸ðÀ­îìËùνµÄ±ä»¯£¬¶ÔÓÚÅàѵÆäËû¹ú¼ÒÓ¢ÓïÄÜÁ¦µÄÓ¢¹úÅàѵ½ÌÓý(»ú¹¹) ¶øÑÔ£¬ ÊÇÒ»¸öÇåÎú¿É¼ûµÄÖ÷ÒªÌôÕ½£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÍØÕ¹Á˽ÌÓý²úÒµ(½á¹¹)¡£

ÏÔÈ»£¬¸ÃÒëÎÄÎóÅÐÁËchallengesºóÃæµÄ²¢ÁйØϵ¡£°ÑidentifiedÒë³É“ËùνµÄ”£¬Àí½â´íÎ󡣓ͬʱҲÍØÕ¹Á˽ÌÓý²úÒµ½á¹¹”²»Öª´ÓºÎ¶øÀ´£¬ÎÒÏëÒëÕß¿ÉÄÜÊÇ°ÑÐÎÈݴʱȽϼ¶broaderµ±³ÉÁ˶¯´Êbroaden£¬ÕâÑù²ÅÓГÍØÕ¹”֮˵¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸ÃÒëÕß»¹½«teaching·ÖÎö³ÉºóÖö¨Óï¡£×ÜÖ®£¬Õâ¸öÒëÎÄÓëÓ¢ÎÄÔ­ÎÄÒâ˼³öÈë½Ï´ó£¬²»¿É¶Á¡£

¹Ù·½ÒëÎÄ£º´óÎÀ·¸ñÀ¼¶àÖ¸³öµÄÕâЩ±ä»¯¸øÏòÆäËû¹ú¼ÒµÄÈËÃñÌṩӢÓïÓïÑÔ½ÌѧµÄÓ¢¹ú»ú¹¹ºÍ¸ü¹ã·ºµÄ½ÌÓýÐÐÒµ²¿ÃÅ´øÀ´ÁËÏÔ¶øÒ×¼ûµÄÖØ´óµÄÌôÕ½¡£

ÒË°ÑÕâÀïµÄ“ÆäËû¹ú¼ÒµÄÈËÃñ”¼ò»¯Òë³É“Íâ¹úÈË”¡£ÈçÎÒÉÏÃæÒëÎÄËùʾ£¬“ÏòÆäËû¹ú¼ÒµÄÈËÃñÌṩӢÓïÓïÑÔ½ÌѧµÄÓ¢¹ú»ú¹¹”Æäʵ¾ÍÊÇ“Ó¢¹úµÄ¶ÔÍâÓ¢ÓÓïÑÔ£©½ÌÓý»ú¹¹”¡£ÓÉÓÚûÓд¦ÀíºÃÕâЩµØ·½µÄººÓï±í´ï£¬¸ÃÒëÎijõ¶ÁÆðÀ´»¹ÊÇÓÐЩÞÖ¿Ú£¬ËäÈ»ÓïÒå¹ØϵÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ¡£

20 It gives a basis to all organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.£¨50Ì⣩

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ Ö÷ÓïitÊÇÖ¸ÉÏÎĵĺËÐÄ´Êanticipation£¬ÍêÕûµÄ±í´ïÓ¦¸ÃÊÇThe anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this studyÕâ¸öÃû´Ê¶ÌÓ¿ÉÒÔÒë³É“ÕâÒ»£¨¶ÔÐèÇó±ä»¯µÄ£©Ô¤²â”¡£

ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬Í⿯ԭÎľÍÊÇÓÃÕâ¸öÃû´Ê¶ÌÓï×÷Ö÷ÓïµÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ô­¾ä£º

The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study gives all interests and organisations which seek to nourish the learning and use of English with a basis for planning to meet the eventualities of what could be a very different operating environment in a decade’s time. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

±ÈÕÕÔ­ÎÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇ·¢ÏÖ£¬ËäÈ»ÃüÌâÈ˽øÐÐÁËÕâÑùµÄ¸Äд£ºgives a basis to all organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning...£¬µ«Æäʵ¾ÍÊÇgives all organisations...a basis for planning...£¬¼´Ô­ÎÄνÓﲿ·ÖÆäʵ¾ÍÊÇgive somebody somethingµÄ¾äÐÍ£º

ÕâÀïsomebodyÊÇall organisations which seek to promote the learning and use of English£¬¿ÉÒÔÒë³É“ËùÓÐÑ°ÇóÍƹãÓ¢ÓïѧϰºÍʹÓõĻú¹¹”¡£

ÕâÀïsomethingÊÇÖ¸a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment¡£×¢ÒâÔ­ÎÄa basisÇ°Ãæ¶àÁ˽é´Êwith£¬ÕâÊÇ´íÎóµÄ£¬Ó¦¸Ãɾȥ¡£Õâ´ó¸ÅÊÇ×÷ÕߵıÊÎó¡£ÎÒ²ÂÏ룬×÷Õß»òÐíÒ»¿ªÊ¼Ð´µÄÊÇprovides£¬¹¹³Éprovides somebody with something´îÅ䣬ȻºóÓָijÉÁËgives²¢ÇÒÍüÁ˰Ѻó±ßµÄwithɾȥ¡£ÕâÒ²ÄѹÖ£¬Õâ¸ö¾ä×ÓÌ«³¤ÁË£¬°Ñ×÷Õß×Ô¼º¶¼ÈƽøÈ¥ÁË¡£ÎÒ½øÒ»²½²ÂÏ룬×÷ÕßΪʲôҪ°Ñprovides¸ÄΪgivesÄØ£¿¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪ¿¼Âǵ½ÉÏÎĸոÕÒѾ­³öÏÖÁËÒ»´Îprovide£ºÈç¹ûÕâÀﻹÓÃprovides£¬¼´...demand provided by this study provides...£¬Ôò¶ÁÆðÀ´¸Ð¾õ²»ºÃ¡£Õⲿ·ÖµÄ»ù±¾Òâ˼ÊÇ“¸øÕâЩ»ú¹¹Ò»¸öÒÀ¾Ý£¬¾Ý´Ë¿ÉÒÔ×ö³ö¹æ»®£¬À´Ó¦¶Ô……”¡£

the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environmentÒ²ÊÇÀí½â±¾¾äµÄ¹Ø¼ü¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬¸ù¾ÝÉÏÎÄÓï¾³——ÉÏÎĵڶþ¶Î³öÏÖµÄface new pressuresºÍthose realistic possibilities£¬ÒÔ¼°49ÌâÖеÄclear and major challenges£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬ÕâÀïpossibilitiesÆäʵ¾ÍÊÇ“¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÓ¦¶ÔµÄ¸÷ÖÖºó¹û»òÌôÕ½”£¬»òÕß˵“¸÷ÖÖ²»ÀûµÄÇé¿ö”¡£Ô­ÎÄʹÓõÄeventualitiesÒ»´ÊµÄÒâ˼¾ÍÊÇ“¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄÇé¿ö£¬ÓÈÆäÊDz»ºÃµÄÇé¿ö”¡£

ÎÒÃÇÔÙÀ´¿´ofºóÃæµÄwhat´Ó¾ä£¬Çë±È½Ï£º

a. the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment (in a decade’s time)

b. the possibilities of a very different operating environment

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ°Ña¶ÌÓïÖеÄwhat could beÈ¥µô£¬¾ÍµÃ³öb¶ÌÓµ«Á½ÕßÒâ˼ÓÐÇø±ð£º

a. ÔÚδÀ´¿ÉÄܽØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³Öлá³öÏֵĸ÷ÖÖ£¨²»Àû£©Çé¿ö

b. ÔÚ½ØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³Öлá³öÏֵĸ÷ÖÖ£¨²»Àû£©Çé¿ö

ÏÔÈ»£¬a±í´ïµÄÊÇδÀ´µÄÒ»ÖÖ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬¶øbÔòûÓÐÃ÷ȷ˵ÊÇδÀ´¿ÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÇé¿ö£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊǵ±ÏµÄÏÖʵÇé¿ö¡£

ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öÕâÀïµÄwhat´Ó¾äµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£ºÊÇΪÁ˶ԾäÄ©µÄÃû´Ê¶ÌÓïa very different operating environment½øÐÐÃèÊö£¬±íʾ“Ò»¸ö½ØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³”ÊÇÔÚδÀ´Ê®ÄêºóºÜÓпÉÄܳöÏֵġ£Èç¹ûûÓÐwhatÒýÈë´Ó¾ä£¬¾ÍÎÞ·¨Ìí¼ÓcouldÀ´±í´ï¶ÔδÀ´µÄÍƲ⣨couldÓëÔ­ÎľäÄ©µÄin a decade’s timeÓÐÓïÒåºôÓ¦£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬Õâ¸öwhat´Ó¾äÎÒ³Æ֮Ϊ“whatÃèÊö¾ä”¡£¹ØÓÚÕâ¸ö֪ʶµã£¬ÎÒÔÚ¡¶Ãû´Ê´Ó¾ä³¬¾«½â¡·Ò»ÊéÖÐϵͳ×ܽáÁË7´ó¾äÐÍ£¬Ïê¼û¸ÃÊéµÄP316-350Ò³¡£

ÈôÕÆÎÕÁ˸ÃÊéÖн²ÊöµÄwhatÃèÊö¾ä£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¼ÓÁé»îµÄÔì¾ä¡£±ÈÈçÒª±í´ïÏÂÃæÕâ¸öÖÐÎľä×ÓµÄÒâ˼£º

ËûËùÈ¡µÃµÄÕâ¸ö³É¾Í£¬ÔںܶàÈË¿´À´¼òÖ±¾ÍÊÇ×öÃΣ¬ÊÇÒ£²»¿É¼°µÄÃÎÏë¡£

ÄãµÄÒëÎÄ£º________________________________________________________¡£

ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀ¶ÁÕßÅóÓÑ»áÔõô·­ÒëÕâ¾ä»°¡£Õâ¾äÖÐÎÄ¿´ÆðÀ´Í¦¸´Ôӵģ¬µ«ÆäʵÈç¹ûÄãÕÆÎÕÁË“whatÃèÊö¾ä”µÄ˼άģʽ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÓüòµ¥µÄÓ¢ÎÄÀ´ÕâÑù´«´ï£º

He has achieved what would be a dream for many people.

Õâ¸ö¾ä×Ó±³ºóµÄ¹¹Ë¼¹ý³ÌÊÇÕâÑùµÄ£º

Ê×ÏÈ˵ËûÈ¡µÃÁËij³É¾Í£º

a. He has achieved something.

È»ºóÕâ¸ö³É¾Í¶ÔÓںܶàÈËÀ´Ëµ¶¼ÊÇÃÎÏ룬ÕâÀï¾Í°µº¬ÁËÁ½µãÐéÄâÒâζ£º1. ÆäʵºÜ¶àÈËÊÇûÓÐÕâÑùµÄÃÎÏëµÄ£»2. ¼´±ãÓµÓÐÕâ¸öÃÎÏ룬ËûÃÇҲʵÏÖ²»ÁË¡£ÎªÁË´«´ïÕâ¸öÐéÄâÒâ棬¾Í±ØÐ뽫wouldÒýÈëνÓﲿ·Ö£¬ÓÚÊDzÉÓÃÐéÄâÓïÆøÕâÑù˵£º

b. This thing would be a dream for many people.

È»ºó²ÉÓÃÁ¬´ÊwhatÀ´Á¬½Óa¡¢bÁ½¾ä£¬ÓÚÊǾ͵õ½´ð°¸¾ä¡£

·ÖÎöÖÁ´Ë£¬ÏàÐÅ´ó¼ÒÄܸüºÃµØÀí½âwhat could be a very different operating environmentÕâ¸ö´Ó¾äµÄ¹¹Ôì¹ý³ÌºÍÍƲâÒâζÁË¡£

×ÛÉÏËùÊö£¬×îÖÕÒëÎÄ¿ÉÒÔÊÇ£º

ÕâÒ»£¨¶ÔÐèÇó±ä»¯µÄ£©Ô¤²â£¬ÎªËùÓÐÑ°ÇóÍƹãÓ¢ÓïѧϰºÍʹÓõĻú¹¹ÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÐж¯ÒÀ¾Ý£¬¾Ý´ËËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ×ö³ö¹æ»®£¬À´Ó¦¶ÔÔÚδÀ´¿ÉÄܽØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³Àï»á³öÏֵĸ÷ÖÖÇé¿ö¡£

ÂúʤÀÏʦµãÆÀ

ÒëÎÄ1£ºÕâÖÖÓïÑԱ仯¿ÉÄܲúÉúµÄÔ¤ÆÚ¸øÁËËùÓÐÑ°Çóѧϰ¼°Ê¹ÓÃÓ¢Óï·½ÃæµÄÍ»ÆƵÄ×éÖ¯»ú¹¹Ò»¸ö»ù´¡£¬ÕâÒ»»ù´¡¶Ô¼Æ»®ÊµÏÖ¶àÓïÑÔÅàѵ¿ÉÄÜÐԵĻú¹¹À´ËµÒ²Í¬ÑùÊÊÓá£

Õû¸öÒëÎÄûÄܺܺõسÔ͸ԭÎĵÄÒâ˼¡£

ÒëÎÄ2£ºÕâÒ»Ñо¿ÎªËùÓÐÊÔͼ´Ù½øÓ¢ÓïѧϰºÍʹÓõĻú¹¹ÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÒÀ¾Ý£¬ÕâÒ»ÒÀ¾ÝÊÇΪÁËÂú×ã¿ÉÄÜ»á³öÏÖ²»Í¬²Ù×÷Çé¿ö/ÔËÐл·¾³µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԵġ£

¸ÃÒëÎÄÇ°°ë²¿·ÖºÜºÃµØ±í´ïÁËÓ¢ÎÄÔ­ÎĵÄÒâ˼£¬µ«ºó°ë²¿·ÖûÄܺܺõؼÝÔ¦what´Ó¾äÓëpossibilitiesµÄº¬Òå¡£

ÒëÎÄ3£ºÕâ¸øËùÓÐÖÂÁ¦ÓÚÍƹãÓ¢ÓïѧϰºÍʹÓõĻú¹¹ÌṩÁËÒ»¸öÖƶ¨¹æ»®µÄÒÀ¾Ý£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÄܹ»Ó¦¶ÔδÀ´ÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄ²Ù×÷»·¾³Àï³öÏֵĸ÷ÖÖ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¡£

¸ÃÒëÎÄ´¦ÀíµÃºÜºÃ£¬Ö»ÊǓδÀ´ÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄ²Ù×÷»·¾³”ûÓо«×¼Òë³öÔ­ÎĵÄwhat could beËùº¬µÄÍƲâÓïÆø£¬¹ýÓڿ϶¨¡£°Ñ“ÎÒÃÇ”¸ÄΪ“ËûÃÇ”½ÏºÃ¡£

ÒëÎÄ4£ºÔ¤²âµ½ÐèÇó¿ÉÄܲúÉú±ä»¯£¬¸øÕâЩ×éÖ¯µì¶¨ÁË»ù´¡£¬¿ÉÒÔ×ö³ö¹æ»®£¬À´Ó­½Ó¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸ö½ØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³¡£

¸ÃÒëÎÄÏÔȻ©ÒëÁËÔ­ÎÄÖÐwhich seek to promote the learning and use of EnglishÕâ¸ö¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐ׼ȷÒë³öpossibilitiesµÄº¬Òå¡£

ÒëÎÄ5£ºËü(Õâ¸ö¸Ä±ä)¸øËùÓг¢ÊÔ¼ÓÇ¿Ó¢ÓïѧϰºÍʹÓõÄ×éÖ¯¹¹ÔìÁËÒ»¸ö»ù´¡: ¿ÉÒÔÂú×㲻ͬ²Ù×÷»·¾³µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԵĻù´¡¡£

¸ÃÒëÎÄûÓкܺõسÔ͸ԭÎĵÄÒâ˼¡£½«itÎóÒëΪ“Õâ¸ö¸Ä±ä”£¬ÆäʵÕâÀïµÄitÊÇÖ¸¶ÔÐèÇó±ä»¯µÄ“Ô¤²â”£¨anticipation£©¡£

¹Ù·½ÒëÎÄ£ºÕâΪËùÓÐÑ°ÇóÍƶ¯Ó¢ÓïѧϰºÍʹÓõĻú¹¹ÌṩÁËÒÀ¾Ý£¬½è´Ë¿ÉÒÔ×ö³ö¹æ»®£¬À´Ó¦¶ÔδÀ´½ØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³Àï¿ÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÇé¿ö¡£

“δÀ´½ØÈ»²»Í¬µÄÔËÓª»·¾³”ûÓо«×¼µØ·­Òë³öÔ­ÎÄÖÐwhat could beËùº¬µÄÍƲâÓïÆø£¬¹ýÓڿ϶¨¡£





12.12 2018ÄêöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØÕæÌâÄѾä½âÎö

12.12.1 ÍêÐÎÌî¿ÕÖеÄÄѾä

1 When people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to connect with one another.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ Ê×ÏÈÊÇwhenÒýµ¼Ê±¼ä×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡£Ö÷¾ä±öÓïoxytocinºó½ÓͬλÓïa hormone£¬hormoneºóÃæ½ÓthatÒýµ¼µÄ¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä¡£¸Ã¶¨Óï´Ó¾äÓÐÁ½¸ö²¢ÁÐνÓproducesºÍtriggers¡£ÔÚherding instinctºó½ÓÁíÍâÒ»¸ö¶¨Óï´Ó¾äthat prompts...¡£

ÕâÀïherding instinct¾ÍÊÇÈËÃdz£ËµµÄ“ÑòȺЧӦ”£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÔ­¾ä¶ÔÆä½øÐÐÁ˽âÊÍ£ºthe herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to connect with one another£¬µ«ÃüÌâÈËɾȥÁËleads sheep to flock together for safetyÕⲿ·Ö¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ µ±ÈËÃÇÐÅÈÎij¸öÈË»òij¸ö×é֯ʱ£¬´óÄԾͻáÊÍ·Å´ß²úËØ¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»ÖֺɶûÃÉ£¬ËüÄܹ»ÈÃÈ˲úÉúÓäÔøкʹÓÖÚÐÄÀí£¬´ÙʹÈËÃDZ˴˱§ÍÅ¡£

2 Those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their counterparts who inhaled something else.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ ÖصãÊÇ¿´ÕâÀïµÄ±È½Ï¾ä¡£±È½Ï´ÊÊÇhigher£¬ÐÞÊÎamounts¡£±È½Ï¶ÔÏóÊÇthose subjectsºÍtheir counterparts who inhaled something else£¬ËüÃÇÔÚ¸÷×ÔËùÔڵķ־äÖоù³äµ±Ö÷Óï¡£thanºóÃæ²ÉÓÃÁ˵¹×°¾äthan were...¡£ÕâÀïµÄwereÒ²¿ÉÒÔÊ¡È¥¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ £¨ÎüÈë´ß²úËصģ©ÄÇЩÊÜÊÔ¶ÔÏóÔ¸Òâ½è¸øÄ°ÉúÈ˵ÄÇ®ÊýÔ¶Ô¶¸ßÓÚÎüÈëÆäËû¶«Î÷µÄÊÜÊÔͬ°é¡£

12.12.2 ÔĶÁPart AµÚһƪÖеÄÄѾä

3 About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ Õâ¾ä»°µÄ½á¹¹±È½Ï¼òµ¥£¬Ö÷Òª¿´µãÊǾäÄ©µÄwith¸´ºÏ½á¹¹“with+Ãû´Ê+·Ö´Ê”¡£ÆäÖбöÓïÊÇthe middle class£¬·Ö´Ê¶ÌÓïdisproportionately squeezedÊDZöÓï²¹×ãÓï¡£

ÖµµÃÒ»ÌáµÄÊÇ£¬Õâ¸öwith¸´ºÏ½á¹¹ÊÇÃüÌâÈ˵ĸÄд£¬ÇëÓëÔ­ÎıȽÏ£º

a. ¸Äд£ºAbout half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.

b. Ô­ÎÄ£ºAbout half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to one recent study. And the middle class may be disproportionately squeezed.

¿É¼û£¬ÃüÌâÈË°ÑÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄ³ÂÊö¾ä¸Äд³ÉÁËwith¸´ºÏ½á¹¹¡£ÕâÒ»¸Äд£¬µ¼ÖÂÁËa¡¢bÁ½¾äÒâ˼ÓвîÒ죺a¾äÖеÄwith¸´ºÏ½á¹¹Ï൱ÓÚ˵The middle class will be disproportionately squeezed£¬Õâ¾Í·Ç³£¿Ï¶¨Öвú½×¼¶»áÒò´ËÊܵ½¼·Ñ¹£¬²»Ïñb¾äÖÐʹÓÃÁËmay±íʾ²»¿Ï¶¨µÄÍƲ⣬±íÃ÷Öвú½×¼¶Êܵ½¼·Ñ¹µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔҪСµÃ¶à¡£Ô­¾äÏ൱ÓÚ˵£ºIt is possible (but not guaranteed or certain) that the middle class may suffer disproportionately¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ ¸ù¾ÝÅ£½ò´óѧµÄÒ»ÏîÑо¿£¬ÃÀ¹ú´óÔ¼ÓÐÒ»°ëµÄ¹¤×÷¶¼½«ÃæÁÙ±»»úÆ÷ËùÈ¡´úµÄ¸ß·çÏÕ£¬ÊµÏÖ×Ô¶¯»¯£¬¶øÖвú½×¼¶Òò´ËÃæÁÙʧҵµÄ·çÏÕ×î´ó¡£

ÄѾä½âÌâ Õâ¾äÊÇ21ÌâµÄ´ð°¸ÒÀ¾Ý£º

21. Who will be most threatened by automation?

[A] Leading politicians.

[B] Low-wage laborers.

[C] Robot owners.

[D] Middle-class workers.

´ÓÉϾä¿É¿´³ö£¬Öвú½×¼¶ÊÜ×Ô¶¯»¯µÄÍþв×î´ó£¬¹ÊDΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£

4 Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ ¾äÊ×likewise“ͬÑùµØ”±íÃ÷ÊÇÔÚ×÷±È½Ï¡£ÕâÊÇÔÚÄÃÀúÊ·ÉϵĹ¤Òµ¸ïÃüThe Industrial RevolutionÓëÄ¿Ç°µÄ×Ô¶¯»¯automation×÷±È½Ï£¬±íÃ÷ͬ¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüÒ»Ñù£¬×Ô¶¯»¯×îÖÕÒ²»á¸øÉç»á´øÀ´ºÃ´¦¡£µ«Çë×¢Ò⣬ÕâÀïÊÇÔÚ±í´ïÀÖ¹ÛÖ÷ÒåÕßoptimistsµÄ¹Ûµã£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ×÷ÕߵĹ۵ã¡£ÈôûÓÐÈÏÇåÕâÒ»µã£¬ÏÂÃæ22Ìâ¿ÉÄܾͻáÑ¡´í´ð°¸¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ Í¬Ñù£¬×Ô¶¯»¯×îÖÕ»áÌá¸ßÉú²úÁ¦£¬Í¨¹ý½µµÍÎï¼ÛÀ´´Ì¼¤ÐèÇ󣬰ѹ¤ÈË´Ó¼è¿à¡¢¿ÝÔïµÄ¹¤×÷ÖнâÍѳöÀ´¡£

ÄѾä½âÌâ Õâ¾äÓë22ÌâDÑ¡ÏîÓйØ£º

22 . Which of the following best represent the author’s view?

[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.

[B] Optimists’ opinions on new tech find little support.

[C] Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.

[D] Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.

ÎÒ¿´µ½ÍøÉÏÓÐÅàѵ»ú¹¹¸ù¾ÝÕâ¾äÑ¡ÔñDΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£ÆäʵDÊÇ´íÎóµÄ¡£ÒòΪD·´Ó³µÄÊÇÀÖ¹ÛÕßoptimistsµÄ¹Ûµã£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÕâÀïÌâ¸ÉÖÐ˵µÄ×÷ÕߵĹ۵ãthe author’s view¡£±¾ÌâÕýÈ·´ð°¸Ó¦¸ÃÊÇC“Òò×Ô¶¯»¯ËùÒýÆðµÄÎÊÌâÐèÒª½â¾ö”¡£×÷ÕßÔÚ±¾ÎÄÖÐÏÈÌá³ö×Ô¶¯»¯È¡´úÈ˹¤µ¼ÖÂÖвú½×¼¶Ê§ÒµµÄÎÊÌ⣬ȻºóÌá³öÁ˺ܶà½â¾ö·½°¸¡£±¾ÎĵÚËĵ½µÚÁù¶Î¶¼ÊÇÔÚÌÖÂÛ½â¾ö·½°¸¡£ÕâÓÖÓë25ÌâµÄ´ð°¸BºôÓ¦£¨The author presents a problem with possible solutions to it.£©¡£

ÁíÍ⣬ÓëCÑ¡ÏîÖ±½ÓÏà¹ØµÄ¾ä×Ó°üÀ¨µÚÈý¶Î×îºóÒ»¾äBut in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting£¬ÒÔ¼°ÎÄÕÂ×îºóÒ»¾äBut policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable¡£ÕⶼÊÇCÑ¡ÏîËùÄܱí´ïµÄÒâ˼¡£

5 Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ ±¾¾ä¹Ø¼üÊÇÅжϲ¢ÁйØϵ£¬¼´Á½¸ö±È½Ï½á¹¹less on memorizing factsºÍmore on creativity and complex communicationµÄ²¢ÁУ¨ÕâÀﲢûÓгöÏÖless...than»òmore...thanÕâÑùµÄ±È½Ï¾ä½á¹¹£©¡£È»ºócreativityºÍcomplex communication²¢ÁУ¬×÷onµÄ±öÓï¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ Ñ§Ð££¨´Ó³õÖе½´óѧ£©µÄ¿Î³Ì¶¼Ó¦¸Ã×ö³öÏàÓ¦µÄµ÷Õû£¬Òª·¢Õ¹ÎªÉÙ×¢ÖØËÀ¼ÇÓ²±³£¬¶à×¢ÖØÅàÑø´´ÔìÁ¦ºÍ¸´Ôӵŵͨ½»Á÷ÄÜÁ¦¡£

ÄѾä½âÌâ Õâ¾äÊÇ23ÌâµÄ´ð°¸ÒÀ¾Ý£º

23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on ______.

[A] creative potential

[B] job-hunting skills

[C] individual needs

[D] cooperative spirit

Ìâ¸ÉÖÐput more emphasis onÊǶÔÔ­¾äÖÐ(focus) more onµÄͬÒåÌæ»»£¬Ñ¡ÏîAÖÐcreative potentialÊǶÔÔ­¾äÖÐcreativityµÄͬÒåÌæ»»£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·¡£

12.12.3 ÔĶÁPart AµÚ¶þƪÖеÄÄѾä

6 Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ ÕâÀï³öÏÖÁËasÒýµ¼Ê±¼ä×´Óï´Ó¾ä¡£ÆäÖеĽé´Ê¶ÌÓïtoward all mediaÓëdistrustÓÐÓïÒå¹Øϵ£¬±íʾ“¶ÔËùÓÐýÌå²»ÐÅÈΔ¡£¾äÖÐbeef upµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ“ÔöÇ¿£¬Ìá¸ß”£¨If you beef up something, you increase, strengthen, or improve it.£©¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ ´ó¶àÊýÃÀ¹úÈËÒÀÀµÉ罻ýÌåÀ´²é¿´ÈÕ³£Í·ÌõÐÂÎÅ¡£È»¶øËæ×ÅÈËÃǶÔËùÓÐýÌåÈÕÒæ²»ÐÅÈΣ¬ËûÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÕýÔÚ¿ªÊ¼Ìá¸ß×Ô¼ºµÄÐÂÎżø±ðÄÜÁ¦¡£

ÄѾä½âÌâ Õâ¾äÊÇ26ÌâµÄ´ð°¸ÒÀ¾Ý£º

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on ______.

[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice

[B] people’s preference for social media platforms

[C] the administrations’ ability to handle information

[D] social media was a reliable source of news

½áºÏµÚÒ»¡¢¶þÁ½¶ÎµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÉÏÃæÕâÁ½¾ä£¬ÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÊÇD¡£ÉϾäÖÐdistrustÓëdoubts/reliableÊôÓÚͬÒåÌæ»»±í´ï¡£

ÁíÍ⣬ÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ£¬ÕâµÀÌâ³öµÄÓÐЩÎÊÌâ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬Ìâ¸ÉÓÐÎÊÌâ¡£Ò»°ãÔÚcast doubt onÕâ¸ö´îÅäÖÐdoubtÓõ¥Êý£¬¶ø²»ÊǸ´Êýcast doubts on¡£ÃüÌâÈËûÓÐ×¢ÒâdoubtÔÚÕâ¸ö´îÅäÖеĿÉÊýÐÔ¡£

Æä´Î£¬Ñ¡ÏîÉè¼ÆÓÐÎÊÌâ¡£A¡¢B¡¢CÈý¸öÑ¡ÏÊÇÃû´Ê¶ÌÓ¶øDÑ¡Ïî²ÉÓÃÁ˾ä×Ó£¨ÓÐνÓïwas£©¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬Ñ¡ÏîµÄ¾ä·¨½á¹¹Ó¦¸ÃÊÇƽÐÐһֵġ£³ý´ËÖ®Í⣬ÔÚ½é´ÊºóÃæÒ»°ã²»»áÖ±½Ó¼Ó³ÂÊö¾ä¡£±ÈÈçÕâÀï˵£º

A. Many young Americans cast doubts on social media was a reliable source of news.*

ËùÒÔ£¬A¾äÓÐÕâÁ½´¦Óï·¨´íÎ󡣿ÉÒÔ¸Äд³É£º

B. Many young Americans cast doubt on social media as a reliable source of news.

×îºóÎÒ±ØÐëÉêÃ÷£¬ÎÒËù¿´µ½µÄÍøÉÏËùÓа汾µÄ¿¼ÌⶼÊÇÈçA¾äËùʾ¡£ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÕâÊÇÃüÌâÈ˱¾À´¾ÍŪ´íÁË£¬»¹ÊÇÍøÉÏöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔصĴíÎ󣨱ÈÈçÔÚasÇ°Ãæ¶àÌí¼ÓÁË×Öĸwµ¼Ö±ä³ÉÁËwas£©¡£×ÜÖ®£¬ÎÒÕâÀïµÄÐÞ¶©²»ÊÇÕë¶ÔÈκÎÈË£¬Ö»ÊÇΪÁ˾À´í£¬·ÀÖ¹ÒԶﴫ¶ï£¬Îóµ¼¹ã´óÓ¢ÓïѧϰÕß¡£

ÁíÍ⣬Õâ¾äÒ²ÊÇ27ÌâµÄ´ð°¸ÒÀ¾Ý£º

27. The phrase “beef up” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ______.

[A] sharpen

[B] define

[C] boast

[D] share

ÕýÈ·´ð°¸Ó¦¸ÃÊÇA£¬sharpen something (up)Ò²ÊÇ“Ìá¸ß£¬¼ÓÇ¿£¬¸ÄÉÆ”µÄÒâ˼¡£

7 A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Ö÷¾ä¡£Ö÷¾äµÄÖ÷ÓïÊÇA survey by Barna research groupÕâ¸öÃû´Ê¶ÌÓÆäÖÐby Barna research groupÊǺóÖö¨Óï¡£Ö÷¾äµÄνÓﶯ´ÊÊÇfound£¬Æäºó½ÓÁËÒ»¸ö±öÓï´Ó¾ä£¬Ê¡È¥ÁËÒýµ¼´Êthat¡£

Æä´Î£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´Õâ¸ö±öÓï´Ó¾ä¡£´Ó¾äµÄÖ÷ÓïºËÐÄ´ÊÊÇthe top reason£¬ºóÃæ½Ó·Ö´Êgiven by Americans×÷¶¨Ó½Ó½é´Ê¶ÌÓïfor the fake news phenomenon×÷¶¨Óï¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÕâÀïµÄthe reason for somethingÕâÒ»´îÅä±»·Ö´Ê¶ÌÓï·Ö¸ô¿ªÁË¡£

µÚÈý£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¶ººÅºóÃæµÄÕâ¸ö±È½Ï¾ä¡£´Ë´¦soÖ¸´úÁËÇ°ÃæµÄreader error£¬ËüÓëthanºóÃæµÄmade-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting¹¹³É±È½Ï¶ÔÏó¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÕâÀïÓбȽϽṹmore X than Y or Z£¬´Ë´¦moreÊÇÒ»¸ö³Ì¶È¸±´Ê£¬Ç¿µ÷ÊÇXµÄ³Ì¶È¸ü¸ßһЩ£¬Òò´Ë»ù±¾Òâ˼ÊÇ“¸üÊÇX¶ø²»ÊÇY»òZ”¡£±ÈÈ硶ţ½ò¸ß½×Ó¢ººË«½â´Êµä¡·ÉϵÄÕâ¸öÀý¾ä£º

It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident. £¨Õâ¼þÊ¿´À´¸üÏñÊǹÊÒâ·¸×¶ø²»ÊÇʹÊ¡££©

Òò´Ë£¬more so=more reader error£¬ËüºôÓ¦ÁËtop£¬±íÃ÷µ¼Ö¼ÙÐÂÎÅÏÖÏóµÄÖ÷ÒªÔ­ÒòÊÇÇ°ÃæËù¸ø³öµÄreader error£¬¶ø²»ÊǺóÃæµÄmade-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting¡£¿É¼û£¬Ô­¾ä¿ÉÒÔ¸Äд³É£ºis more “reader error” than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting¡£×¢Ò⣬ÕâÀïin reportingͬʱÓÖ×÷ºóÖö¨ÓïÐÞÊÎmade-up stories or factual mistakes¡£

ÁíÍ⣬ÕâÀïBarnaÊÇÖ¸¼ÓÖݵÄÒ»¼ÒÃñµ÷¹«Ë¾£¨The Barna Group is an evangelical Christian polling firm based in Ventura, California.£©¡£

¾«Æ·ÒëÎÄ BarnaÑо¿¼¯ÍŵÄÒ»·Ýµ÷²é·¢ÏÖ£¬ÃÀ¹úÈËÈÏΪ£¬Ôì³É¼ÙÐÂÎÅÏÖÏóµÄÊ×ÒªÔ­ÒòÊÇ“¶ÁÕßÎó¶Á”£¬Õâ¸öÔ­ÒòÒª´óÓÚÐÂÎű¨µÀÖеĹÊʶÅ׫»ò±¨µÀʧʵ¡£

ÄѾä½âÌâ Õâ¾äÊÇ29ÌâµÄ´ð°¸ÒÀ¾Ý£º

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is ______.

[A] readers’ outdated values

[B] journalists’ biased reporting

[C] readers’ misinterpretation

[D] journalists’ made-up stories

Ìâ¸ÉÖеÄa main causeÓëÉϾäÖеÄthe top reasonÊôÓÚͬÒåÌæ»»±í´ï¡£D¡¢BÑ¡Ïî·Ö±ðÊǶÔÔ­¾äÖÐmade-up stories or factual mistakes in reportingµÄͬÒåÌæ»»£¨µ±È»£¬BÑ¡ÏîÖÐbiasedÓëfactual mistakesÔÚÒâ˼ÉÏ»¹ÊÇÓÐЩ²î±ðµÄ£©¡£×÷Õßͨ¹ýmore X than Y or Z¾äÐÍ£¬¸üÇ¿µ÷reader errorÊǼÙÐÂÎÅÏÖÏóµÄÊ×ÒªÔ­Òò£¬È»ºó½áºÏÏÂÎÄÕâ¾äAbout a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇCÑ¡ÏîµÄÒâ˼¡£Òò´Ë£¬CΪÕýÈ·´ð°¸¡£

12.12.4 ÔĶÁPart AµÚÈýƪÖеÄÄѾä

8 It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.

ÃîÓïµã¾¦ ¾äÊ×itÖ¸´úÉÏÎÄÖÐÌáµ½µÄthis work¡£ÕâÀïÓнé´Ê´îÅäagainst that background£¬ÒâΪ“ÔÚÄÇÑùµÄ±³¾°Ï”¡£backgroundºóÃæ½ÓÁËÒ»¸öͬλÓï´Ó¾ä£¬À´¾ßÌåÃèÊöÕâÒ»“±³¾°”¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÕâÀïÓÐÁ½¸öwhichÒýµ¼µÄ¶¨Óï´Ó¾ä¡£Òª×¢ÒâµÚÒ»¸ö¶¨Óï´Ó¾äµÄ¹Øϵ´ÊwhichµÄÖ¸´ú£ºËüÖ¸´útrust£¬Ô­ÎÄÊÇthe Royal Free hospital trust£¬ÃüÌâÈ˸ÄΪthe Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS£¬Õâ¾ÍÔö¼ÓÁËÅжÏwhich¾ßÌåÖ¸´úʲôµÄÄѶÈ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏÕâÀïµÄwhichÖ¸´úthe Royal Free hospital trustÕâ¸ö»ú¹¹¡£