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µÚ¶þ¸öscienceÊÇÖ¸²úÉúÕâÑù¿É¸´ÖƵĿÆÑнá¹ûµÄ“¿ÆÑйý³Ì”»ò¼ò³Æ“¿ÆÑД£¬Ó¢ÎÄÊÍÒåÊÇ£ºthat kind of science=the kind of scientific process that leads to those types of results¡£ÕâÒ²¾ÍÀàËÆ×÷ÕßÔÚÉÏÎÄÌáµ½µÄreproduce the result“ÔÙ×öʵÑéÀ´ÖØÏÖÕâ¸ö¿ÆÑнá¹û”Ëù±í´ïµÄÒâ˼¡£Óë“¿ÆÑДÏà¹ØµÄ¸ÅÄîÔÚÎÄÕÂÖÐÒ²³öÏÖÁ˶à´Î£¬±ÈÈçscientific papers“¿ÆÑÐÂÛÎÄ”¡¢the scientific literature“¿ÆÑÐÎÄÏ×”£¬ÒÔ¼°Õâ¾äWhy is so much bad science published?“ΪʲôÓÐÕâô¶àÔã¸âµÄ¿ÆÑÐÂÛÎÄ»ò¿ÆÑнá¹û±»·¢±í£¿”µÈµÈ¡£´Ó×÷Õß˵bad science¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬ÕâÀïscience²»ÊÇÖ¸“¿Æѧ”£¬ÒòΪ“¿Æѧ”×÷ΪÈËÀàÈÏʶÊÀ½çµÄÒ»ÖÖ֪ʶ£¬ÎÞËùνºÃ»µ£¬¶øÊÇÖ¸“¿ÆÑД»ò“¿ÆÑÐÂÛÎÄ”»ò“¿ÆÑнá¹û”£¬ºóÕ߲ŴæÔÚÖÊÁ¿ºÃ»µÖ®·Ö¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÔÚÔ­ÎÄÖл¹ÓÐÕâ¾ä£¨±»ÃüÌâÈËɾȥÁË£©£ºThe authors of the Royal Society paper are not optimistic about the prospect of improving the quality of research£¬ÕâÀïÃ÷È·Ìáµ½ÁËresearch“Ñо¿”ºÍ“¸Ä½ø¿ÆÑÐÖÊÁ¿”¡£

×ÛÉÏ·ÖÎö£¬ÕâÀïµÄÁ½¸öscience·Ö±ð±íʾ“¿ÆÑнá¹û”ºÍ“¿ÆÑУ¨¹ý³Ì£©”£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ“¿Æѧ”¡£

ÔٴΣ¬¹ØÓÚinstitutionsµÄ·­Òë¡£ÕâÀïÊǸÃÀí½â³É“¿ÆÑÐÔºËù»ò¿ÆÑлú¹¹”»¹ÊÇ“£¨¿ÆÑÐÂÛÎÄ»ò¿ÆÑнá¹ûµÄ£©ÆÀÅлúÖÆ£¬ÖƶȔÄØ£¿Ó¢ÓïÊÇĸÓïµÄÈ˶ԴËÒ²´æÔÚÕùÒé¡£

Ò»·½Ã棬Èç¹ûÀí½â³É“»ú¹¹”£¬ÄÇôÕâЩinstitutions¿ÉÒÔ°üÀ¨£º¸÷¸ö´óѧԺУ£¨colleges and universities£©£¬¸÷ÖÖÕþ¸®¿ÆÑлú¹¹£¨government bodies£©£¬µÈµÈ¡£´Ëʱour institutionsÏ൱ÓÚour organizations that have power and influence in the field of scientific research“ÔÚ¿ÆÑÐÁìÓòÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄ¸÷ÖÖ×éÖ¯»ú¹¹”¡£

ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬Èç¹ûÀí½â³É“ÆÀ¹À»úÖÆ£¬ÖƶȔ£¬´Ëʱour institutionsÏ൱ÓÚ˵our established practices e.g. the ways in which we tell good science from bad science “ÆÀÅпÆÑнá¹ûºÃ»µµÄÏÖÓлúÖÆ»ò·½·¨”¡£Õû¸öÎÄÕ½²µÃ¸ü¶àµÄÊÇÔÚÆÀ¹À»úÖÆÉÏ£¬Õâ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó50ÌâÕâ¾äµÄÉÏÁ½¾äºÍÏÂÒ»¾äÕÒµ½Ö¤¾Ý¡£µÚÒ»£¬50ÌâÕâ¾äµÄÉÏÁ½¾äÊÇ£ºBoiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great£¬ÕâÁ½¾äÒâ˼ÊÇ“°Ñ¶Ô¸öÈË¿ÆÑнá¹ûµÄÆÀ¼ÛÖ»Êǹé½áΪһЩ¼òµ¥µÄÆÀÅбê×¼£¨±ÈÈç·¢±íµÄÂÛÎÄÊýÄ¿¡¢ÆÚ¿¯µÄÓ°ÏìÁ¦£©£¬Õâȷʵ¿ÉÒÔ´óÁ¿½Úʡʱ¼ä¡¢¾«Á¦£¬ÒÔ¼°±ÜÃâÁËÆÀÅбê×¼µÄÄ£ºýÐÔ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬²ÉÓÃÕâÑù¼òµ¥µÄÊýÁ¿ºâÁ¿±ê×¼À´ÆÀÅÐÑо¿ÕߵļÛÖµ£¬ÆäËù´øÀ´µÄ³¤ÆÚ´ú¼Û¿ÉÄÜ»áÏ൱´ó”¡£¿É¼û£¬ÕâÀïÉæ¼°µ½ÆÀÅбê×¼µÄÎÊÌ⣬Ҳ¾ÍÊÇÆÀ¹À»úÖƵÄÎÊÌâ¡£ÕâÊÇÔÚ½²ÕâÖÖÆÀÅбê×¼µÄ±×¶Ë¡£

µÚ¶þ£¬½ô½Ó×Å50ÌâÕâ¾äµÄÏÂÎÄ£¨ÃüÌâÈËɾȥÁË£©ÊÇ£ºIn other words, what we need is more emphasis on personal contact and even nepotism in the way careers are advanced£¬×÷Õßͨ¹ýIn other words½øÒ»²½½âÊ͵½£º»»ÑÔÖ®£¬ÔÚְλ½úÉýÉÏÎÒÃÇÐèÒª¸ü¼ÓÇ¿µ÷˽È˹ØϵÉõÖÁÊÇȹ´ø¹Øϵ¡£¶øÓëÕâ¾äÓйصÄÁíÍâÒ»¾äÊÇ£¨¼´µÚ¶þ¶ÎµÚÈý¾ä£©£ºIt says the problem is not merely that people do bad science, as they have always done, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it£¬×÷ÕßÔÚÕâ¾äÌáµ½ÁË“ÎÒÃÇÄ¿Ç°µÄÖ°Òµ½úÉý»úÖÆÒ²ÕýÏò¹ÄÀøÁËÕâÖÖµÍÖÊ¿ÆÑД¡£ÕâÁ½¾äÓë50ÌâÕâ¾ä±³ºóµÄÂß¼­ÊÇ£º×÷Õß°Ñpersonal contact and nepotism¿´³ÉÊǶÔBoiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impactsÕâÖÖ½úÉý»úÖƵÄÒ»¸öÌæ´ú¡£Ç°ÕßÆäʵ¾ÍÊÇÖ¸“¸öÈËÖ÷¹ÛÅжϔ£¨personal judgment£©£¬±ÈÈçÒ»¸öÈ˵ĿÆÑÐÄÜÁ¦ÈçºÎ£¬ÖÜΧµÄͬÊ¿ÉÄܸüÇå³þ£¬Õâ¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷ÊÇÒ»¸öÖ÷¹ÛÆÀÅлúÖÆ£¨subjective methods£©£¬¶øºóÕß¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷Êǿ͹ÛÆÀÅлúÖÆ£¨objective methods£©£¬µ«ËüͬÑùÓб׶Ë¡£×÷Õß˵our current system of career advancement positively encourages it¾ÍÊÇÖ¸¿¿ÊýÂÛÎÄÊýÄ¿ÕâÀà¿Í¹ÛÆÀÅлúÖƳöÁËÎÊÌâ¡£Òò´Ë£¬×÷ÕßÖ¸³öÒª¸ü¶àÇ¿µ÷Ö÷¹ÛÆÀÅлúÖÆ£¨more emphasis on personal contact and even nepotism£©¡£´ÓÕâЩ¾ä×Ó¶¼¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬ÊÇÆÀ¹À»úÖƳöÁËÎÊÌ⣬µ¼ÖÂÁ˵ÍÖÊ¿ÆÑС£ÄÇô£¬ÈôÒªÌá¸ß¿ÆÑÐÖÊÁ¿£¬¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã´ÓÆÀ¹À»úÖÆÈëÊÖ£¬¸Ä±ä“ÓÎÏ·¹æÔò”¡£ÍËÒ»²½À´Ëµ£¬¼´±ã°ÑinstitutionsÀí½â³É“¿ÆÑÐÔºËù»ú¹¹”£¬µ«×îÖÕ»¹ÊÇÒª¹é½áµ½“¿ÆÑÐÆÀ¹À»úÖÆ”¡£Îª´Ë£¬ÎÒÇãÏòÓÚ°ÑinstitutionsÒë³É“ÆÀ¹À»úÖÆ”£¬µ±È»£¬Òë³É“¿ÆÑлú¹¹”Ò²¿ÉÒÔ¡£ÎÒÃÇÒ²²»·Á°Ñ¶þÕßôÛºÏÔÚÒ»ÆðÒë³É“¿ÆÑлú¹¹¼°ÆäÆÀ¹À»úÖÆ”¡£

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12.3 2009ÄêöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØÕæÌâÄѾä½âÎö





12.4 2010ÄêöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØÕæÌâÄѾä½âÎö





12.5 2011ÄêöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØÕæÌâÄѾä½âÎö





12.6 2012ÄêöλÔÓéÀÖ¹Ù·½appÏÂÔØÕæÌâÄѾä½âÎö





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